AZ31镁合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过室外大气暴露试验,研究了AZ31镁合金在万宁和青岛2个海洋大气环境试验站点1～5年的腐蚀规律,用失重法测定了腐蚀速率,并用SEM和XRD分析了5年后表面腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物的组成。研究表明,AZ31镁合金暴露在海洋大气环境5年后的腐蚀动力学符合幂函数规律,万宁站的腐蚀速率高于青岛站,且腐蚀速率都随暴露时间的延长而降低,但青岛站腐蚀速率降低幅度更大,腐蚀产物膜对基体保护作用较万宁站强;AZ31镁合金暴露在万宁站和青岛站5年后的腐蚀速率分别为37.6和13.5μm·a-1,腐蚀产物以MgCl2,MgCO3,MgSO3,MgSO4,Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·8H2O和Mg2(OH)3Cl·4H2O为主;AZ31镁合金在海洋大气环境中不耐腐蚀,表面布满点蚀坑,相对湿度对镁合金较长周期的腐蚀有显著影响。     

磁场作用下合金元素在AZ31镁合金中的分布

研究了镁合金AZ31分别在无磁场及磁场作用条件下凝固的微观结构及合金元素的分布；对凝固过程中磁场的分布进行了数值模拟。结果表明，与无磁场处理凝固的镁合金组织比较，镁合金AZ31的凝固过程在磁场作用条件下合金元素在晶界上和晶内的分布有较大的变化，在较强静磁场作用下聚集在晶界上的共晶体组织明显减少，共晶组织形成的网络变得不连续，同时在晶内和晶界附近出现了大量近似球状的共晶质点，提高了合金元素在晶内的固溶度，有利于改善镁合金的综合性能。     

AZ31镁合金的研究现状

综述了国内外对AZ31镁舍金的研究现状。讨论了主要合金元素对AZ31镁合金的组织和性能的影响,介绍了AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化、塑性成形技术的研究现状。对AZ31镁合金的发展前景进行分析。     

Texture Development in a Friction Stir Lap-Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

The present study was aimed at characterizing the microstructure, texture, hardness, and tensile properties of an AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy that was friction stir lap welded (FSLWed) at varying tool rotational rates and welding speeds. Friction stir lap welding (FSLW) resulted in the presence of recrystallized grains and an associated hardness drop in the stir zone (SZ). Microstructural investigation showed that both the AZ31B-H24 Mg base metal (BM) and SZ contained β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ and Al₈Mn₅ second phase particles. The AZ31B-H24 BM contained a type of basal texture (0001)〈11 \( \overline{2} \) 0〉 with the (0001) plane nearly parallel to the rolled sheet surface and 〈11 \( \overline{2} \) 0〉 directions aligned in the rolling direction. FSLW resulted in the formation of another type of basal texture (0001)〈10 \( \overline{1} \) 0〉 in the SZ, where the basal planes (0001) became slightly tilted toward the transverse direction, and the prismatic planes (10 \( \overline{1} \) 0) and pyramidal planes (10 \( \overline{1} \) 1) exhibited a 30 deg + (n ? 1) × 60 deg rotation (n = 1, 2, 3, …) with respect to the rolled sheet normal direction, due to the shear plastic flow near the pin surface that occurred from the intense local stirring. With increasing tool rotational rate and decreasing welding speed, the maximum intensity of the basal poles (0001) in the SZ decreased due to a higher degree of dynamic recrystallization that led to a weaker or more random texture. The tool rotational rate and welding speed had a strong effect on the failure load of FSLWed joints. A combination of relatively high welding speed (20 mm/s) and low tool rotational rate (1000 rpm) was observed to be capable of achieving a high failure load. This was attributed to the relatively small recrystallized grains and high intensity of the basal poles in the SZ arising from the low heat input as well as the presence of a small hooking defect.     

Fatigue-Property Enhancement of Magnesium Alloy,AZ31B,through Equal-Channel-Angular Pressing

The fatigue behavior of magnesium-alloy, AZ31B, prestrained by equal-channel-angular pressing (ECAP) was studied as a function of the accumulated plastic-strain level and the orientation of the samples (along and perpendicular to the ECAP pressing direction). The material was processed via route B _C , at 200 °C, for 1, 2, and 8 passes, with and without a back pressure (BP) applied on the billet during ECAP. The low-cycle fatigue behavior of the AZ31B alloy is shown to be anisotropic and texture dependent. Due to the initial texture orientation, the specimens loaded parallel to the ECAP pressing direction have a longer fatigue life than the samples loaded perpendicular to it. The low-cycle fatigue life of the AZ31B alloy is enhanced by ECAP. The fatigue-property improvement is discussed in light of the grain-size refinement, enhanced ductility, and texture evolution. This article is based on a presentation given in the symposium entitled “Deformation and Fracture from Nano to Macro: A Symposium Honoring W.W. Gerberich’s 70th Birthday,” which occurred during the TMS Annual Meeting, March 12–16, 2006 in San Antonio, Texas and was sponsored by the Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Nanomechanical Behavior Committees of TMS.     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Processed by I-ECAP

Incremental equal channel angular pressing (I-ECAP) is a severe plastic deformation process used to refine grain size of metals, which allows processing very long billets. As described in the current article, an AZ31B magnesium alloy was processed for the first time by three different routes of I-ECAP, namely, A, B_C, and C, at 523 K (250 °C). The structure of the material was homogenized and refined to ~5 microns of the average grain size, irrespective of the route used. Mechanical properties of the I-ECAPed samples in tension and compression were investigated. Strong influence of the processing route on yield and fracture behavior of the material was established. It was found that texture controls the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy subjected to I-ECAP. SEM and OM techniques were used to obtain microstructural images of the I-ECAPed samples subjected to tension and compression. Increased ductility after I-ECAP was attributed to twinning suppression and facilitation of slip on basal plane. Shear bands were revealed in the samples processed by I-ECAP and subjected to tension. Tension–compression yield stress asymmetry in the samples tested along extrusion direction was suppressed in the material processed by routes B_C and C. This effect was attributed to textural development and microstructural homogenization. Twinning activities in fine- and coarse-grained samples have also been studied.     

Laser Keyhole Welding of Dissimilar Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy to AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

Laser keyhole welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy to AZ31B magnesium alloy was developed, and the correlations of process parameters, joint properties, and bonding mechanism were studied. The results show that the offset from the laser beam center on AZ31B side to the edge of the weld seam plays a big role in the joint properties by changing the power density irradiated at the Ti–Mg initial interface. The optimal range of the offset is 0.3 to 0.4mm in the present study. Some lamellar and granular Ti-rich mixtures are observed in the fusion zone, which is formed by intermixing melted Ti-6Al-4V with liquid AZ31B. The maximum ultimate tensile strength of the joints reaches 266 MPa. Furthermore, the fracture surface consists of scraggly remaining weld metal and smooth Ti surface. The higher the failure strength, the smaller the proportion of smooth Ti surface to whole interface is. Finally, the bonding mechanism of the interfacial layer is summarized by the morphologies and test results of fracture surfaces.     

Experimental and Numerical Study of Electromagnetic Forming of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet

Wrought magnesium alloys are interesting materials for automotive and aeronautical industries due to their low density in comparison to steel and aluminium alloys, making them ideal candidates when designing a lower weight vehicle. However, due to their hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) crystal structure, magnesium alloys exhibit low formability at room temperature. For that reason, in this study a high velocity forming process, electromagnetic forming (EMF), was used to study the formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet at high strain rates. In the first stage of this work, specimens of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet have been characterised by uniaxial tensile tests at quasi‐static and dynamic strain rates at room temperature. The influence of the strain rate is outlined and the parameters of Johnson‐Cook constitutive material model were fit to experimental results. In the second stage, sheets of AZ31B magnesium alloy have been biaxially deformed by electromagnetic forming process using different coil and die configurations. Deformation values measured from electromagnetically formed parts are compared to the ones achieved by conventional forming technologies. Finally, numerical study using an alternative method for computing the electromagnetic fields in the EMF process simulation, a combination of Finite Element Method (FEM) for conductor parts and Boundary Element Method (BEM) for insulators, is shown.     

AZ31B镁合金表面等离子喷涂陶瓷层的 微观结构及耐蚀性

采用等离子喷涂方法在AZ31B镁合金表面制备Al_2O_3、Al_2O_3-13%TiO2(AT13)和Al_2O_3-20%TiO_2(AT20)三种陶瓷涂层;对比研究陶瓷层的微观组织结构、孔隙率、结合强度及电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明:等离子喷涂的陶瓷涂层具有典型的层状结构,涂层具有良好的结合强度和较低的孔隙率。随着TiO2加入量的增多,陶瓷涂层的结合强度升高,孔隙率降低,耐蚀性提高;AT20涂层与镁合金基体相比自腐蚀电位升高了701mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低了两个数量级,阻抗是基体的6倍,AT20涂层的耐蚀性最优。陶瓷涂层的电化学腐蚀过程表现为膜层局部腐蚀和基体腐蚀并造成涂层层状剥离。     

AZ31镁合金板在不同温度下轧制中的数值模拟

运用DEFORM-3D软件,模拟了在250~400℃温区内不同温度下轧制变形量为30%的AZ31镁合金板材的轧制过程,分析了温度对镁合金板材轧制过程中轧制力、等效应力以及温度场分布的影响。研究结果表明:AZ31镁合金板材在轧制过程中存在着明显的温度效应,并且随着轧制温度的升高,温度效应减弱;随着轧制温度的升高,AZ31镁合金板材在轧制过程中的塑性变形抗力、轧制力与等效应力均显著降低;若单从温度角度考虑,在其他条件不变的前提下最佳轧制温度在350~400℃的温区内。     

镁合金微弧氧化研究

本文介绍以硅酸盐溶液为氧化液对AZ31镁合金进行的微弧氧化实验。讨论了氧化膜的性能，并采用正交试验的方法分析了主要成膜物质对膜性能的影响。     

Influence of Cerium on Corrosion of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Effect of cerium addition on corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated using the static weight loss and polarization curve method as well as metallographical observation. The results indicate that a small amount of cerium （0.2% - 0.8%） in AZ91 magnesium alloy can significantly reduce the corrosion rate, enhance the electrode voltage and lower corrosion current density in 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution, and AZ91-0.8% Ce alloy has better corrosion resistant performance. The reason for increasing corrosion resistance is attributed to the addition of Ce, refining the α-Mg grain, reducing the segregation of element Al, and improving the morphologies of β-Mg17 Al12 phases.     

高温轧制对AZ31B镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究了高温轧制工艺对AZ31B镁合金微观组织、织构以及性能的影响规律.在轧制状态下,随着轧制温度从450℃升高至525℃,合金组织内部动态再结晶逐渐增多,孪晶数量不断减少,同时组织的均匀性也得到了改善,基面织构强度也呈下降的趋势.经350℃保温60min退火之后,合金板材内部发生了完全再结晶,孪晶组织消失,显微组织更均...     

超高速碰撞AZ31镁合金和纯铁靶板弹坑底部超细晶形成机制

采用二级轻气炮将2017A1球弹丸加速至3 km.s-1后,分别撞击AZ31靶板和纯铁靶板,通过扫描电镜、EBSD和透射电镜对两种靶板弹坑底部的微观组织进行观察,发现两种材料在弹坑底部形成不同特征的细晶组织.AZ31弹坑底部发生了动态再结晶,形成随机取向的细小等轴晶粒,具有较低硬度和较强的固态流动能力,对超高速碰撞下弹...     

温变形对AZ31镁合金组织的影响

对铸态AZ31 镁合金在210℃温变形时的组织演变和力学性能进行分析,为进一步开发镁合金的成形工艺提供实验依据.     

AZ31镁合金型材挤压生产工艺的研究

采用卧式挤压机,对AZ31镁合金型材挤压工艺进行了生产跟踪试验研究,确定了AZ31镁合金型材在挤压操作时的最佳挤压筒温度、镁棒温度、模具预热温度和挤压速度。分析了型材产品的力学性能和微观组织结构,结果表明在给定操作工艺下,可得到高强度、细晶粒度、良好塑性和表面光洁的挤压型材。     

Strain-Controlled Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir-Welded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of friction stir-welded (FSW) AZ31 joints, produced at rotation rates of 800 and 3500 rpm, was studied. The joints exhibited symmetric hysteresis loops, whereas asymmetric loops were observed for the parent material (PM). The fatigue resistance of the FSW joints was slightly improved as the rotation rate increased, and both the FSW joints possessed a fatigue life similar to that of the PM at the low strain amplitude of 0.1 pct. The obtained fatigue data for the PM and FSW joints can be well described using the Coffin–Manson and Basquin’s relationships. For the FSW joints, during LCF deformation, the $ \left\{ {10\bar{1}2} \right\} $ twinning originated from the nugget zone (NZ)/thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) boundary and then propagated to the NZ interior. This was attributed to different textures in these regions: the center of the NZ exhibited a hard orientation, whereas a soft orientation was observed in the region around the NZ/TMAZ boundary. The fatigue cracks initiated at the bottom of the joints and propagated along the NZ/TMAZ boundary or the NZ adjacent to the NZ/TMAZ boundary.     

静磁场作用下镁合金AZ61凝固过程研究

AZ61是典型的变形镁合金，是具有优越性能的金属材料，但仍有很多方面还有待研究。对镁合金AZ61在静磁场作用下的凝固过程进行了研究，并且与无磁场作用下AZ61的凝固过程进行了比较。结果表明，在施加静态磁场条件下镁合金的液相线温度和固相线温度均有较大幅度的改变，液固区间有增大现象；同时，静磁场显著净化了镁合金组织，夹杂物数量显著减少，并且夹杂物的形状从正常的“爪”形转变为“球”形，减少了夹杂物对镁合金性能的不良影响。     

Cyclic-Tension Fatigue Behavior in a Rolled AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Studied Using Ultrasonic Shear Waves

Nondestructive evaluation of cyclic-tension fatigue in a rolled magnesium alloy, Mg-3Al-1Zn, was performed using vertically polarized shear wave (SV) reflection and shear horizontal wave (SH) transmission methods. Internal friction measured by SV reflection increased rapidly in the early stages of the fatigue and finally saturated, showing dominating interactions of movable dislocations and twinning boundaries with the waves as acoustic nonlinearities. The propagation time and logarithmic damping ratio in the SH transmission method followed a repeated increase and subsequent sudden decrease pattern, and finally converged toward fatigue failure due to acoustoelasticity, which represents the interaction with residual stresses. The wave and phase data were determined using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, a surface roughness tester, and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that during the fatigue process, residual stress accumulated on the compressive side of the specimen, despite the applied cyclic-tension loading. Brittle cracks that originated in inclusions provided sudden relief from the residual stress.