Mn对Al-Ti-B、Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响

试验研究了Mn元素对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C两种铝用中间合金晶粒细化效果的影响,分析了Mn元素影响两种中间合金晶粒细化效果的机制。结果表明,总体来讲,Mn对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C的晶粒细化效果有不同程度的破坏作用。微量Mn元素不会影响铝熔体中形核基底的活性,Mn元素加入铝熔体后的生长限制因子很小,不能有效阻止小尺寸晶粒的长大和相互融合,添加Mn元素所导致的熔体过热对晶粒细化的破坏作用占主导地位,最终导致中间合金的晶粒细化效果被削弱。     

Mg对Al-Ti-B、Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响

试验研究了Mg对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C两种中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响,分析了Mg影响两种中间合金细化铝晶粒行为的机制。结果表明,在w(Mg)=1%～7%的范围内,镁含量的增加,对两种中间合金细化铝晶粒的促进作用不显著,但对晶粒形貌有显著的影响;晶粒形貌取决于所用中间合金的种类和Mg添加量大小,相同镁含量时,用Al-5Ti-1B细化比用Al-5Ti-0.2C细化后晶粒的树枝化程度小;细化所用的中间合金相同时,随着镁含量的增加,细化晶粒的树枝化程度增大。     

精炼处理对Al-Si-Mg合金熔体中TiB2粒子的影响

加入Al-5Ti-1B中间合金的Al-Si-Mg合金熔体,经N2气精炼处理后试样的晶粒尺寸较精炼处理前明显粗化,即精炼处理显著削弱了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金对Al-Si-Mg合金的细化效果。分析认为,精炼过程中一部分TiB2粒子及其聚集团极易被N2气泡捕获并游离出熔体,使异质形核衬底数目大幅减少。针对精炼对细化效果的不利影响,提出了两种解决方案,即采用Al-5Ti-0.6B-0.2C中间合金或先精炼后添加细化剂的操作工艺。     

Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金对A356合金的晶粒细化行为

对比了Al-5Ti-0.4C、Al-5Ti-1B及Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金对A356合金的晶粒细化行为.发现在730℃时,加入0.2%的Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金,可以使A356合金的晶粒尺寸由1000 μm以上细化至175 μm左右,保温60 min内,细化效果稳定,其细化能力明显优于Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.4C中间合金,且该中间合金的加入不影响Sr对共晶Si的变质效果.与Al-5Ti-1B中间合金细化后的A356合金相比,经Al-3Ti-1B-0.2C中间合金细化后的A356合金室温抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了5.18%和15.98%.     

经ECAP变形的Al-5Ti-1B中间合金对纯铝细化效果的影响

对Al-5Ti-1B中间合金进行等通道挤压变形(ECAP),研究了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金经ECAP变形前后对纯铝晶粒的细化效果,分析了Ti添加量及晶粒生长限制因子对纯铝细化效果的影响。结果表明,随着Ti含量的增加,形核质点增多,纯铝晶粒由约1 220μm细化到70μm左右。ECAP变形明显提高了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金的细化效果,建立了晶粒尺寸与晶粒生长限制因子的关系。     

Al-B中间合金对铝合金晶粒的细化机理

通过对Al-B中间合金在纯铝、Al-0．5％Si、Al-1％Si、Al-1．5％Mg以及Al-4％Cu合金中的晶粒细化作用的实验研究,分析B的晶粒细化机理。结果表明：Al-B中间合金对纯铝的细化作用很弱,仅当B含量高于0,04％时,才表现出一定的细化效果。对于Al-0．5％Si、Al-1％Si、Al-1,5％Mg和Al-4％Cu合金,加入少量的B,对合金几乎没有细化作用：但当B含量达到0.02％时,合金晶粒明显细化,晶粒尺寸显著下降：增加B含量,晶粒尺寸继续下降,但下降速度趋缓。这表明AlB2不能作为液态铝的形核中心,而共晶反应机制是Al-B中间合金具有晶粒细化作用的主要原因。     

三种中间合金对纯铝晶粒细化作用的对比研究

采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪检测分析了Al-5Ti-1B、Al-10Ti和Al-4B三种中间合金的显微组织,并使用这三种合金对纯铝进行了细化实验.结果表明,Al-5Ti-1B中间合金由TiAl3、TiB2和α-Al基体三相组成,Al-10Ti中间合金由TiAl3和α-Al基体两相组成,TiAl3相尺寸不均匀,Al-4B中间合金由AlB2和α-Al基体两相组成.Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Ti中间合金对于纯铝具有良好的细化作用,Al-4B中间合金对于纯铝几乎无细化效果.TiAl3相时于铝晶粒具有显著的细化作用,在Ti的基础上引入B元素可进一步增强细化作用.     

其他元素对Ti或Ti＋B细化铝晶粒效果的影响（2）

研究了难熔金属V、Mo、Zr和Ta对常规Al-4％Ti和Al-5％Ti-1％B中间合金细化工业纯铝(99.8％)晶粒效果的影响。每种难熔金属的含量控制在零到0.30％范围内。在添加Al-4％Ti的情况下,熔体中的Ti含量控制在0.15％的水平;在添加Al-5％Ti-1％B的情况下,将熔体中的Ti含量控制在0.045％的水平。发现V和Mo能提高两种中间合金细化铝晶粒的效果;而Zr则降低它们的效果或使其中毒。Ta含量为0.1％左右时,使中间合金原来的晶粒细化效果减弱至最小,超过这一含量后则使被减弱的晶粒细化效果有所恢复。Al-4％Ti和Al-5％Ti-1％B中间合金原来的晶粒细化效果,分别在Ta含量为0.35％和0.2％左有时得到恢复,Zr和Ta使细化剂中毒的试验结果,可以用形成了替换的金属间化合物来解释。     

Al-10Sr和Al-5Ti-0.2C对ZL101合金组织的影响

在ZL101合金熔体中分别或同时添加不同量的Al-10Sr和Al-5Ti-0．2C，保温不同时间，利用光学显微镜和电镜扫描，研究了Al-10Sr，Al-5Ti-0．2C对ZL101合金组织的影响规律。试验结果表明，向ZL101合金中添加质量分数为0．5％的Al-10Sr，可使共晶Si从粗大的针、片状转变为细小的短纤维状，同时促进了α-Al枝晶的形核生长，晶粒尺寸在100-250μm之间。若添加质量分数为0．2％的Al-5Ti-0．2C，可使初生α-Al晶粒成为40-70μm的等轴晶，对共晶Si也有一定的变质作用。当同时加入Al-10Sr和Al-5Ti-0．2C时，α-Al枝晶和共晶Si同时得到细化和变质，这主要归功于Al-10Sr和Al-5Ti-0．2C对ZL101合金细化变质的交互作用。     

Ti与含Ti或B中间合金对铝晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响

对比研究了电解加钛和含钛或硼中间合金对铝的晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响.结果表明,电解加钛和Al-5Ti中间合金在熔体温度较低时具有较好的晶粒细化效果,但随着熔体温度的升高,细化效果均迅速衰退;电解加钛再熔配加Al-4B中间合金可在熔体温度为720℃时获得最佳的细化效果,随着熔体温度的升高细化效果有所衰退,但衰退速度较慢;在加入Al-5Ti的同时加入Al-4B中间合金可明显提高Al-5Ti的晶粒细化效果和抗高温衰退能力,但效果不如电解加钛加Al-4B中间合金;Al-5Ti-1B中间合金具有最强的抗高温衰退能力,随着熔体温度的升高,晶粒不但不粗化反而有所下降,当熔体温度高于900℃时,才出现衰退现象.对试验结果及晶粒细化机制进行了分析.     

Effect of a grain refiner cum modifier on mechanical properties of Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys

This study evaluates the influence of grain refiners/modifiers on the mechanical properties of the Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys with an experiment of quantitative and qualitative correlations with the microstructure. Modification of Al-Si alloys with strontium additions and grain refinement with Al-Ti, Al-B and Al-T-B master alloy additions are demonstrated to be efficient on Al-Si alloys. A single master alloy with combined additions of Sr and Ti and/or B was prepared and the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that boron rich (Al-3B-Sr and Al-1Ti-3B-Sr) master alloys are more efficient than Ti rich (Al-3Ti-Sr and Al-5Ti-1B-Sr) master alloys considering their combined grain refinement and modification effect on Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys. However, the presence of Sr does not influence the grain refinement. Similarly, presence of grain refiner does not influence the modification of eutectic Si.     

In Situ Investigation of Si-Poisoning Effect in Al-Cu-Si Alloys Inoculated by Al-5Ti-1B

In situ synchrotron X-radiography was carried out on Al-13Cu and Al-13Cu-7Si alloys with and without addition of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy. The effects of Si content on grain growth and the solute-suppressed nucleation zone (SSNZ) were quantitatively studied. The average grain size can be refined to 164 μm of Al-13Cu alloy inoculated by Al-5Ti-1B. After addition of 7% Si content, a large number of TiB₂ sites in the melt lost the inoculating ability due to “Si poisoning.” The radius of the dendrite tip curvature of Al-13Cu is more than two times as large as that of Al-13Cu-7Si. The sharper tip is able to disperse the solute more effectively and thus grains can grow more rapidly. This causes that the dendrite arm growth rate with addition of 7% Si solute is about 2.6 times that of no Si addition. In addition, the solute enrichment in the SSNZ of Al-13Cu is faster, and the area change of SSNZ is slower than that of Al-13Cu-7Si. Thus more nucleation sites in the SSNZ cannot be activated with addition of Si. This study will shed light on the understanding of Si poisoning in casting Al-Cu-Si alloys.     

添加晶粒细化剂硅对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和性能的影响(英文)

采用真空感应凝壳熔炼工艺在石墨模中制备Ti-6Al-4V和Ti6Al4V0.5Si两种钛合金。将硅作为一种晶粒细化剂加入到Ti-6Al-4V合金中,考察添加硅对铸态和模锻态Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和性能的影响。铸态合金先在900°C下进行热模锻处理,然后分别进行两种不同的热处理。一种是将模锻样品在1050°C下保温30min,然后水淬以获得细小的层片状组织;另一种是将模锻件在1050°C下保温30min,然后再在800°C下保温30min,以获得粗大的层片状组织。Ti6-Al-4V合金中添加0.5%Si后,铸态合金的晶粒尺寸从627μm减小到337μm,其极限抗拉强度增加约25MPa。具有细小、层片状组织的Ti-6Al-4V0.5Si合金的最大极限抗拉强度为1380MPa,在Hank溶液和NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速度分别为1.35×106和5.78×104mm/a。Ti-6Al-4V合金中添加0.5%Si后,在低滑动速度下的磨损率降低50%,在高滑动速度下的磨损率降低约73%。     

Microstructure and refinement performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy: Effect of excess Ti on the growth and nucleating ability of TiC particles

Al-5Ti-0.2C, Al-0.8Ti-0.2C, Al-8Ti-2C, and Al-10Ti master alloys were prepared and used to investigate the influence of excess Ti on the growth of TiC particles and its ability to nucleate Al-grains. The results of a microstructure analysis of TiC-containing alloys and refined CPAl were interrelated to the results of a refinement test. It was found that the presence of excess Ti is essential at the stage of master alloy preparation, as it facilitates the growth and uniform distribution of TiC within the structure. In Al-5Ti-0.2C alloy containing excess Ti, carbide particles grow faster and to a higher extent (from 0.29 μm to 0.44 μm) compared to Al-0.8Ti-0.2C alloy produced without excess Ti (from 0.29 μm to 0.32 μm). The results support the “Ti-transition zone theory” as the mechanism of grain refinement by TiC-containing master alloys. The refinement performance of Al-5Ti-0.2C is superior compared to the one achieved by adding Al-8Ti-2C and Al-10Ti master alloys in corresponding concentrations. For the TiC particles to become favourable nucleating sites, they must undergo certain interaction with excess Ti at the stage of master alloy preparation.     

稀土元素Er对Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Si合金组织与性能的影响

利用粉末冶金工艺制备了Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Si-xEr(wt%)合金,随后采用OM、XRD、TEM和拉伸试验机等分析手段研究了Er元素含量对固溶时效态(950 ℃×30 min(WQ)+480 ℃×4 h(AQ))试验合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:试验合金经固溶时效处理后均为等轴和片状的双态组织。烧结过程中产生的Er₂O₃氧化物颗粒可以作为形核中心促进α相和β相的析出,起到细化晶粒的作用。随着Er元素含量的增加,晶粒尺寸由10~20 μm细化至5~10 μm。当Er元素含量为1.2%时,试验合金的抗拉强度达到峰值,为930.5 MPa,此时伸长率为9.24%,比未添加Er元素时Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Si合金分别提高了22.3%和10.0%。试验合金的拉伸断口形貌显示有韧窝出现,仅有少量的解理台阶,韧窝的存在可以分散材料断裂时产生的应力,使材料断裂前承受更大的变形。     

On grain refinement and titanium segregation in Al-Si alloy

The influence of holding time and distance from sample bottom on segregation and grain refinement of Ti was studied. Results show that Al-5Ti-1B has an obvious effect on refinement in Al-Si alloy after 4 h holding time. The segregation of Ti shows different morphology at different positions of casting. More segregation is at the bottom of castings because of localized congregation of Ti. The research shows that the difference in Ti concentration is as high as 25.6% between the top and bottom of castings.     

电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金的组织与晶粒细化效果

采用电磁搅拌连续铸挤工艺成形Al-5Ti-1B合金线,利用等离子体发射光谱仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了Al-5Ti-1B合金线的组织与晶粒细化效果,并与Al-5Ti-1B合金锭进行了比较。结果表明,通过中间包电磁搅拌和连续铸挤成形过程中半固态剪切搅拌和剧塑性变形作用,可细化TiAl3相尺寸,改善TiB2粒子的分布状态,TiAl3相为细小块状,TiB2粒子弥散分布于α-Al基体中。Al-5Ti-1B合金线的晶粒细化能力增强,纯铝中添加0.2%的Al-5Ti-1B合金线静止5min,晶粒平均尺寸可细化至223μm,静止180min,晶粒平均尺寸为316μm。     

An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant for eutectic silicon in Al-12Si alloy

To obtain high-performance Al-Si-based cast alloys,refinement and modification of Si phases are required.An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant was designed and fabricated using a chemical bath deposition method.The efficiency of the inoculant for modifying the eutectic Si phase in as-cast Al-12Si alloy was studied.Results show that Al-12Si/ZnS powder can significantly refine the eutectic Si in Al-Si cast alloys.The best refinement effect for eutectic Si is achieved with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder.Coarse long needle-shaped eutectic Si with a length of 18μm was modified into approximately spherical shape with a diameter of 6.53μm,which is evenly distributed throughout the alloy.The E2EM model calculation indicates that the inter-plane misfit(F_p)and inter-atomic spacing misfit(F_r)between ZnS and Si are all less than 0.5%,which confirms that ZnS is a potential nucleation site for Si phase.The hardness,tensile strength,and elongation of Al-12Si alloys modified with 17.5%Al-12Si/ZnS powder increase 6.30%,16.18%and 55.45%,respectively,compared to the unmodified Al-12Si alloy.The fracture behavior of the alloy with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder is dominated by transgranular fracture supplemented by intergranular fracture.     

细晶粒钛合金GTAW焊缝成形性能分析

通过常规及细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的GTAW试验,对比了不同焊接工艺时两种钛合金的焊缝成形.结果表明,由于细晶钛合金晶粒细化,晶界增多,而使热导率降低,焊接过程中晶界对热量传导的阻碍作用变大,这就使得细晶粒钛合金的焊接参数范围变窄,在很大的电流参数范围内,细晶粒钛合金的焊缝成形性能均比常规钛合金差很多;但是在一个较窄的电流变化围内,细晶钛合金的焊缝成形性能优于常规钛合金,超出此范围,成形较差;并讨论了可能的影响因素;针对文中的试件规格推荐了一个最优的焊接电流参数为47～48 A.

Abstract：

Fine grain titanium alloy is used extensively in aerospace and ailrraft because of its excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding machinability. Fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy and common grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy were welded by tungsten iner-gas arc welding( GTAW) respectively. Welding parameters and appearance of two Ti-6Al-4V alloys welded were investigated. The results indicate that the heat conductivity impediment of grain boundary strengthened because of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy grains refinement and grain boundary increasing. Thus, its coefficient of heat conductivity is decreasing . Camparing with appearance of common grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy, when the range of welding current parameter was wide, the appearance of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy was bad. However, when the range of welding current parameters was narrow relatively, the appearance of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy welded was better than the one of common grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The possible influencing factors were discussed. At last, according to the specimen size, an optimal welding current parameter(47 ～ 48) A was recommended.     

A356铝合金Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr熔体处理遗传效应

通过重熔试验研究Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr中间合金在A356熔体中的遗传效应。结果表明:A356合金经熔体处理后流动性较母材提高17.36%,T6处理后α-Al枝晶细化,二次枝晶间距仅为16.8μm,共晶硅圆整,抗拉强度达269 MPa、屈服强度203MPa、伸长率12.5%、硬度92 HBW。伴随重熔,细化变质效果逐渐衰退,熔体质量下降,以致力学性能和流动性下降。试验发现固溶后快淬可减小变质衰退带来的影响。