紫外分光光度法测定污水中油含量的研究

为监测石油化工企业排放的污水中的含油量。本工作采用紫外分光光度法，依据朗伯－比耳定律，选择了用被测样品的石油醚萃取物做“标准油”、选用合适的入射光波长，用最小二乘法对数据进行线性回归，绘制了工作曲线，并与红外法进行了对比，该方法简单可行，能为监测污水中的含油量提供准确数据。     

红外分光光度法测定水中油常见问题探讨及方法改进

探讨了红外分光光度法实际测定水中油过程中出现的问题,分析过程中受样品、萃取剂、测试条件的选择、萃取前处理等多种因素影响,遇到的问题比较多,影响了水中油分析准确率,通过分析探讨、比对试验,找出影响准确度的影响因素。结果表明：通过优化萃取液过滤方式、选用合适的稀释倍数,优化样品萃取方式等,确定最佳分析条件,结果的准确度和精密度满足要求。     

红外分光法测定循环水中油含量

结合实际工作经验,对GB／T16488-1996所规定的分析条件进行了进一步的探讨,研究了氯化钠、硫酸钠的用量对测定结果的影响,同时用工作曲线代替标准曲线,可使实测样品回收率提高10.0％以上,进一步提高测定结果的准确度。     

红外分光光度法测定工业废水中油含量

通过对工业废水中油含量分析方法的改进，解决了原有方法准确度低、重现性差等问题，提高了环保测试质量。指出分析过程中的首要问题是废水中油的萃取，确定以最简便的方法和过程确保萃取完全，在最佳条件下测定萃取物的浓度。     

分光光度法快速测定重整原料油中痕量砷

建立了用分光光度法快速测定重整原料油中痕量砷的罗丹明B -砷钼杂多酸 -聚乙烯醇三元络合物显色体系 ,控制溶液 pH为 2～ 3,络合物的最大吸收波长是 590nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε590 =1 5× 1 0 5L·mol- 1·cm- 1,体系在室温下能稳定 8h以上。砷的质量浓度在 0 0 2～ 0 1 2 μg/ml内遵守朗伯 -比耳定律。该法所需时间是传统萃取法的 1 /2～ 1 /3,测定过程中不生成AsH3剧毒气体 ,具有省时、低毒、选择性好、灵敏度高及显色体系稳定性好的特点。     

导数分光光度法直接测定油品中的铁含量

在阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲胺存在下,用铬天青S做显色剂,采用—阶导数分光光度法在690nm测定油品中铁,铁的摩尔吸光系数ε=4.7×10~5,比邻菲啰啉法的摩尔吸光系数提高40倍。油品中其它离子Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、V~(5+)、CO~(2+)不干扰测定。铁加标回收率为100±3％,样品测定相对标准偏差<5％。     

紫外分光光度法测定污水中洞含量的研究

为监测石油化工企业排放的污水中的含油量。本工作采用紫外分光光度法，依据朗伯－比耳定律，选择了用被测样品的石油醚萃取物做“标准油”、选用合适的入射光波长，用最小二乘法对数据进行线性回归，绘制了工作曲线，并与红外法进行了对比，该方法简单可行，能为监测污水中的含油量提供准确数据。     

金属加工润滑剂油雾控制的现状与进展

金属加工润滑剂在工作过程中会产生油雾，其中≤5μm的液滴颗粒会对人体造成危害，导致一些职业疾病，国外对油雾的研究和控制较早关注，进行过调查并出台相关法规，提出油雾控制强制标准。2003年5～8月，上海石油商品应用研究所对江苏、浙江、上海3个地区的43个金属加工车间进行油雾浓度抽样调查，结果为油雾浓度低于0．5mg／m^3的占39．5％，低于5mg／m^3的占86％，高于5mg／m^3的占14％。降低金属加工车间油雾的有效途径包括机械降雾、使用低油雾金属加工润滑剂、尽量使用深度精制的基础油等，建议尽快制订中国的相关法规，发展新型金属加工润滑剂。     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定页岩油开采压裂返排液中油含量

为了测定页岩油开采压裂返排液中油含量,探索了一种新的紫外-可见分光光度法,此方法选用实验室较为常用的石油醚作为萃取剂,免除了紫外方法中对萃取剂较为复杂的脱芳处理,优化了实验步骤,使得测定过程更加简洁高效,同时降低了对实验者的健康伤害。依据朗伯-比尔定律,利用紫外-可见分光光度计扫描页岩油-石油醚体系全波长范围的吸收光谱,选择了285 nm作为检测波长。提取现场采出液制备的标准页岩油精确配置系列标准浓度溶液,根据实验数据,用最小二乘法拟合曲线列出标准曲线方程。同时,对方法的检出限、准确度和精密度进行了实验分析,实践证明该方法简单可行,测得的数据准确可靠。     

The Determination of a Diesel Solidifying Point by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

A total of 86 representative samples of diesel oil were selected to determine the solidifying point. These samples covered a wide range and the concentration is more evenly distributed. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) method to determine the diesel solidifying point was successfully designed. Multiple linear regression method was chosen to establish the calibration model. The regression coefficients, partial regression sum of squares, partial correlation coefficients, the total estimated standard deviation, correlation coefficient, residual sum of squares, and other model parameters were calculated. The repeatability of the NIR method is better than the standard method. It can be seen that this NIR method to determine the diesel solidifying is feasible and repeatable.     

红外光谱法测定洗涤剂醇的羟值

建立了傅立叶红外光谱法测定Ｃ１２～Ｃ１５的洗涤剂醇羟值的方法。考察了方法的最佳积分方式、精密度和准确性。并对现场样品进行了分析。结果表明，测定１．０～１．９ｇ／２５ｍＬ的标样时，其误差为１．０％～３．４％。对现场Ｃ１２～Ｃ１５洗涤剂醇样品进行５次平行分析，相对标准偏差为０．５３％，回收率为９７．２％。     

The Determination of Diesel Density and Refractive Index by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

In this work, the near infrared spectroscopy method has been successfully designed to determine the diesel density and refractive index by use of 93 representative diesel samples. The multiple linear regression method was chosen to establish the calibration model, and 17 samples were used to verify the calibration model. It was observed that the paired t test statistic (refractive index 1.03, density 0.10) is less than the significance level of 0.05 t distribution (2.12). The repeatability of the near infrared spectroscopy method is better than the standard method. Therefore the near infrared spectroscopy method to determine the diesel density and refractive index is feasible.     

近红外光谱法测定柴油中的芳烃含量

研究了采用近红外光谱测定柴油中芳烃含量的方法。通过高效液相色谱分离、移动丝氢火焰检测器检测获得柴油中芳烃的基础数据。在５０００～１００００ｃｍ－１波长范围内,应用傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪,交互检验偏最小二乘方法对使用的光谱范围进行优化。所得校正模型对训练集样品预测的平均偏差为０２３％,对未知样品将近红外预测结果与ＨＰＬＣ的测定结果比较,平均偏差为０２７％。作为一种快速分析技术,近红外光谱测定柴油中的芳烃含量是简便可靠的方法。     

红外光谱鉴定直升机润滑脂

通过红外光谱分析,确定了某直升机在用润滑脂的牌号。     

Determination of Asphalt Cement Properties by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

In the present study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics techniques have been combined to predict some properties used to characterize and to classify asphalt cement grade. Principal Components Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) were employed to develop linear models to predict penetration value, absolute viscosity at 60°C, kinematic viscosity at 135°C and flash point of asphalt cements. The good correlation between NIR pretreated spectra and the properties investigated, measured by values of correlation coefficients and root mean squared errors of both calibration and prediction are here discussed. It was concluded that the combination of both techniques can be used to predict properties of asphalt cement to be delivered after on-line blending of hard and soft binders stocked in refineries.     

红外光谱快速测定原油硫含量

硫含量是表征原油的重要性质。采用衰减全反射附件获得原油的红外光谱,用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立红外光谱测定原油硫含量的校正模型。结果表明,该方法的测定结果的重复性与再现性等同或优于标准方法的。与经典测定原油硫含量的方法相比,该红外光谱法具有测量快速、操作简单、无需预处理、重复性好等优点。     

Determination of Asphalt Cement Properties by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Abstract

In the present study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics techniques have been combined to predict some properties used to characterize and to classify asphalt cement grade. Principal Components Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) were employed to develop linear models to predict penetration value, absolute viscosity at 60°C, kinematic viscosity at 135°C and flash point of asphalt cements. The good correlation between NIR pretreated spectra and the properties investigated, measured by values of correlation coefficients and root mean squared errors of both calibration and prediction are here discussed. It was concluded that the combination of both techniques can be used to predict properties of asphalt cement to be delivered after on-line blending of hard and soft binders stocked in refineries.     

红外光谱法检测变压器油抗氧剂含量的测试条件对比研究

在变压器油抗氧化剂含量监测中红外光谱法得到广泛应用。文章对国内外采用红外光谱检测变压器油中抗氧剂含量的方法条件进行简单介绍和对比,并选择一些典型的样品,进行测量条件对比研究。研究结果表明:吸收池光程长度对测量偏差有一定影响。抗氧剂含量标定曲线所用基础油的成分与测试样品成分之间的差异越大对测量结果准确性影响也越大。油中芳烃、链烷烃含量对其检测结果都有影响,其中以芳烃影响最大。     

油气润滑技术的应用

简述了油气润滑技术的工作原理及润滑机理，简要介绍了油气润滑在攀钢设备上的应用情况及设计，维护方面值得注意的问题。