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The carbon black trace is an important characteristic in a building fire accident and becomes crucial evidence in fire investigation. Based on the particle deposition theory, the mathematical model is established for the carbon black trace in a building fire. The numerical model of the carbon black trace is implemented into the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software. The total mass of the carbon black particle deposited on the wall surface can be calculated quantitatively and be simulated visually. The proposed model is applied into a fire accident as a validation. A numerical model is used to simulate the fire accident. In numerical simulations, the grid size resolution is analyzed. The accident reconnaissance data, accident interview record and accident scene photo/video are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It shows that the simulation results have a good agreement with those in the fire accident, which validates the mathematical model in this study. The proposed method can provide useful data for fire reconstruction and fire investigation. 相似文献
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真火模拟训练系统已在全球多个国家投入使用,是一套较为成熟且训练效果较好的实战训练设施,是当前消防部队推行实战化练兵的主要手段,也是未来消防员实战训练的发展趋势.真火模拟训练装置燃烧系统对实际火灾场景的重构效果直接影响着消防训练效果.本文基于理论模型、数值模拟、层次分析法等方法建立了石油化工真火模拟训练装置池火模拟效果评... 相似文献
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To consider the actual fire characteristics in the fire response analysis of building structures and to simplify the complex relationship between the fire analysis model and the structural finite element analysis model, a spatio-temporal model of the fire temperature and heat flux boundary for heat conduction analysis is developed. The proposed model adopts a two-way orthogonal polynomial approach for fitting the discrete data from the fire simulation and obtains continuous spatial polynomial equations. It is shown to be accurate for capturing the distributions of temperature and heat flux that are required for a heat conduction analysis and a thermal mechanical coupling analysis. Finally, the model is implemented through user-subroutines UTEMP and DFLUX in ABAQUS, and it is applied to a new archive in Beijing. The results show that this method may be used to combine fire simulation and structural analysis for the safety evaluation of structures under fire. 相似文献
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Full-scale experiment and numerical simulations are carried out on a shelf fire in a storehouse to study the ignition manner, the fire spread and the combustion characteristics. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow, FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), is used to solve numerically a form of the Navier–Stokes equations for fire. Ignition manner experiments with both cigarette ends and lighter are conducted first. Then a full-scale experiment on a shelf fire is performed. The temperatures are measured and the fire growth and spread process is analyzed. A numerical model is used to simulate the experiment; the temperatures, fire growth and heat release rate are studied. In numerical simulations, the grid size resolution is analyzed. The experimental results of temperatures and the fire growth and spread process are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It shows that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The chimney effect is also observed in both the experiment and the simulation. These useful data can be helpful in the numerical reconstruction of the whole storehouse fire accident. 相似文献
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为提高危险化学品事故应急救援装备仿真训练科学性及操作体验性,研究了火灾事故应急处置措施建模方法,开发了基于嵌入式的虚拟现实感知应急装备及仿真实训系统。首先对火灾事故应急处置进行建模,然后通过三维虚拟系统可视化对应急处置操作结果进行展示。实验结果表明,该仿真实训装备对提高应急处置操作水平有重要作用,实现了消防装备操作的实时模拟计算与反馈。 相似文献
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为系统分析民机火灾事故的影响因素,有效预防同类事故的发生,以飞行中发生的火灾事故为情景,运用STAMP模型构建民机火灾事故局部控制结构,从火灾的产生和扑灭两个角度提取了11 个民机火灾事故影响因素;采用DEMATELISM法确定各影响因素的因果属性和中心度排序,构建民机火灾事故影响因素结构模型,将事故影响因素划分为4 层。通过因素的中心度排序得出,烟火处置能力不足、人为失误、信息交互受阻、被动约束失效、机械设备失效是事故中的关键影响因素;通过多层递阶结构模型分析得出,认知缺陷和安全教育培训不足是民机火灾事故的根源。 相似文献
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本文采用火灾模拟分析的方法,给出最不利火灾条件下公共建筑场芯区火灾蔓延的过程。进而分析火灾发生后,在自然排烟模式下,着火空间内烟气蔓延的规律。分析排烟送风设置是否可以确保烟气的有效控制,分析人员是否能够安全逃生,达到减少重大人员伤亡事故可能性的目的。 相似文献
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Numerical Simulation of the Response of Fire Exposed Concrete Structure The proposed numerical model for concrete and reinforced concrete structures subjected to fire comprises the transient thermal and mechanical analysis considering the temperature dependent material properties of concrete and reinforcing steel within the framework of the phenomenological approach of the Eurocode 2, part 1‐2. A concrete model, based on the combination of plasticity and damage theory, serves as the basis for the material model of concrete for high temperatures. For reinforcing steel a standard elastic‐plastic material model is employed. The proposed model is validated by the numerical simulation of fire tests on plain concrete specimens and by the numerical simulation of a large scale fire test on a reinforced concrete slab. Furthermore it is used to determine the structural integrity of a tunnel structure, put up by the cut‐and‐cover method, exposed to fire. 相似文献
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摘 要:为了解决特长海底隧道发生火灾时的排烟问题,提出利用服务通道和联络横通道辅助送风的通风方案。利用火灾动力学模拟软件(FDS),建立隧道火灾通风模型,通过研究通风排烟时服务隧道内补风量与横通道开启数量对火灾烟气的控制效果,确定通风系统的技术参数。结果表明:火灾发生时,事故隧道内纵向通风风速2 m/s,同时开启火源上游3 个横通道,并在服务隧道两端各施加1.3 m/s 纵向通风风速,既可将烟气控制在火源一侧,同时不影响人员安全疏散,其控烟效果与通风网络解算结果一致。采用横通道辅助送风的通风方案,控制特长海底隧道内火灾烟气蔓延是具有理论可行性的。 相似文献
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通过3起火场调查实验的应用分析,探讨了模拟实验对火灾事故调查中认定起火原因和起火时间、确定引燃方式的重要参考作用,分析了基层调查实验较少的根本原因,提出了改进调查实验的方法。同时,剖析了调查实验对提高火灾事故调查各类证据关联性的重要作用,对提高证据效力、增强火灾事故认定的科学性、防止事故认定证据不足造成诉讼无力有一定的参考价值。 相似文献