不同油脂配比对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和器官指数的影响

在黄羽肉鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同比例的饲料级动物性脂肪(猪脂)和植物油(大豆油)组成的混合油脂,研究对其生产性能、屠宰性能和肌肉抗氧特性的影响。各组猪脂占混合油脂的比例分别为0%(Ⅰ组)、25%(Ⅱ组)、50%(Ⅲ组)、75%(Ⅳ组)和100%(Ⅴ组),试验分前期(25～45 d)和后期(46～65 d)两个阶段。结果表明:(1)黄羽肉鸡前、期后期各组生产性能指标差异不显著;但从全期来看,Ⅲ组料肉比最低,比Ⅱ组低4.7%(P0.05)。(2)屠体率、半净膛率和全净膛率各组间均无显著性差异;胸肌率Ⅲ组比Ⅳ组高15.1%(P0.05),Ⅲ组腹脂率比Ⅴ组低42.4%(P0.05)。(3)心脏、肝脏和胰腺指数及免疫器官指数各组差异不显著,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组脾脏指数和胸腺指数有升高的趋势(P0.05)。25～65 d黄羽肉鸡(母鸡)日粮中猪脂与大豆油的适宜添加比例为1:1。     

日粮蛋氨酸和赖氨酸水平对肉鸡生长性能及肌肉和肝脏组织DNA甲基化含量的影响

研究日粮中添加不同氨基酸水平对肉鸡生长性能和不同日龄阶段肉鸡各组织中DNA甲基化含量的影响。结果表明:①日粮中添加不同赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平,显著影响了肉仔鸡的生长和屠宰性能;②肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织DNA甲基化含量随日龄增加均成降低趋势;55日龄肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织中,蛋氨酸过量组DNA甲基化含量均大于蛋氨酸缺乏组,且两两差异显著;③肉鸡肌肉甲基化含量与55日龄肉鸡总活体重、胴体重成显著正相关,与屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率成负相关;肉鸡肝脏甲基化含量与55日龄肉鸡总活体重、半净膛重、全净膛重成显著正相关,与屠宰率和半净膛率成负相关。     

Effect of Dietary Ram Horn Hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and Color Characteristics of Carcasses,Breast Fillets and Drumsticks of Broilers

This study was conducted to define the effects of ram horn hydrolysate (RHH) on the pH and color properties of carcasses and dissected products in broilers. Two-hundred and forty male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were fed with basal diets supplied with RHH for 4 wks. Chicks were allocated to four dietary treatments (H₀, H₁, H₂ and H₃ groups) in a completely randomized experimental design. Feed and water were offered ad libitum consumption and lightening was continuous throughout the experimental period. H₀ group was fed only the basal diet and given normal drinking water. Treatment groups were fed with basal diet plus a 1% (H₁), 2% (H₂), and 3% (H₃)-RHH-added water in place of normal drinking water to meet the daily water requirements of chickens from 1 to 28 days of ages. At the end of the trial all birds were slaughtered, then the ranges of pH and skin color of carcasses were determined at various times during the first 24 hour (1, 3, 7, 12, 17, and 24). After standard dissection of carcasses, breasts and drumsticks were divided into two groups for vacuum and aerobic packaging. Packed breasts and drumsticks were stored at 3 60.58 C, for 12 days, and the color values were determined. The pH values of H₃ group were lower than those of H₀, H₁ and H₂ groups (p < 0.05). The lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values increased during the 24-h period. The H₀ group had the higher b* values than those of RHH-added groups (p < 0.05). The L*, a* and b* values of drumstick meats were higher than those of the breast meats (p < 0.05). The values of b* in aerobic packaged breasts and drumsticks were higher than the vacuum packaged (p < 0.05) treatments. The b* values increased with storage. The a* values of RHH-supplied groups were higher than that of the control (p < 0.05), while b* value of control was higher than those of the RHH-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). While the L* and b* values of drumstick skin were higher than that of drumstick meat, a* values in drumstick meats were higher (p < 0.05). The vacuum packaging increased the a* value during storage. As a result, the use of RHH in broiler diets had a significant effect on the L*, a*, and b* values of carcasses and dissected tissue (p < 0.01).     

Effects of dietary humate supplementation to broilers on performance,slaughter, carcass and meat colour

BACKGROUND: This experiment was designed to examine the effect of dietary humate supplementation primarily on pH and colour parameters of carcasses, breast fillets and drumsticks and, secondarily on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. RESULTS: A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross‐308) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments varying in supplemental humate level (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% for H₀, H₁, H₂ and H₃). Dietary humate supplementation did not affect performance traits and slaughter, hot carcass weights and yields. Carcass‐related variables (pH, L*, a*, b*, H* and C*) were responsive to the dietary treatments. The L*, a*, b*, and C* values for drumstick muscles were higher than those for breast muscles. Except for the L* value, meat colour parameters changed due to packaging. The a* value was higher and b* value was lower for vacuum packaged breast and drumsticks than for those aerobic packaged. Storage period affected colour parameters; while L*, b*, H* and C* values were higher for drumstick skin than for drumstick meat; the a* value was greater in drumstick meat than in skin. CONCLUSION: pH and colour parameters of carcasses, breast fillets and drumsticks of broilers were improved by dietary humate supplementation. However, responses of broiler performance and slaughter and carcass characteristics were minimal. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

茶皂素对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉质的影响

在肉鸡日粮中添加茶皂素,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉质的影响.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3和4组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加200、300、400和500 mg/kg的茶皂素,试验期为56天.结果表明:与对照组相比,4组平均日增重提高8.74%(P＜0.05)、料重比降低15.52%(P＜0.01)、屠宰率提高2.33%(P＜0.05);2、3组料重比降低了5.60%、10.34%(P＜0.05);1、2组腹脂率降低了6.92%、9.69%(P＜0.05),3、4组腹脂率降低15.92%、15.57%(P＜0.01);2组滴水损失降低5.42%(P＜0.05),而3、4组滴水损失降低11.19%、14.24%(P＜0.01).     

壳聚糖硒对肉仔鸡生产性能、肠道菌群的影响

试验共设5个组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.01％、0.05％、0.10％和0.20％壳聚糖硒,试验期42d.结果表明:与对照组相比,在1～42 d时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组平均日增重分别提高了2.52％(P＞0.05)、9.88％ (P＜0.05)、11.82％ (P＜0.05)和9.30％ (P＜0.05),平均日采食量分别提高了2.28％(P＞0.05)、4.67％ (P＞0.05)、4.24％ (P＞0.05)和9.24％ (P＜0.05),料重比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别降低了4.49％ (P＞0.05)、6.74％ (P＜0.05);在22～42 d时,盲肠内双歧杆菌数量分别提高了0.59％ (P＞0.05)、3.79％ (P＞0.05)、7.23％(P＜0.05)和0.95％ (P＞0.05),乳酸杆菌数量分别提高了0.48％ (P＞0.05)、4.78％ (P＞0.05)、5.38％ (P＜0.05)和5.26％ (P＜0.05),大肠埃希菌数量分别降低了6.06％ (P＞0.05)、10.88％ (P＜0.05)、15.57％ (P＜0.05)和21.51％ (P＜0.01).壳聚糖硒适宜的添加水平为0.10％.     

不同剂型维生素E对肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响

研究比较维生素E(VE)和微囊化VE(MVE)对肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡360只,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础日粮(不添加VE),试验组分别在基础日粮中添加20 IU/kg普通VE(VE组)和20 IU/kg微囊化VE(MVE组)。试验期为42 d,分别于肉鸡21 d和42 d时,测定生产性能,并采取血样,测定血清生化指标和抗氧化指标。结果表明：(1)与CON组相比,VE和MVE组对肉鸡21 d的生产性能均无显著影响(P > 0.05),但MVE组肉鸡22~42 d和1~42 d的平均日增重均显著提高(P < 0.05)。(2)与CON组相比,VE和MVE组显著降低了肉鸡21 d和42 d血清的尿素氮水平(P < 0.05),且血清肌酐水平在21 d时有下降趋势(P = 0.09),血清碱性磷酸酶含量在42 d时有升高趋势(P = 0.09)。(3)21 d时,MVE组血清总蛋白和球蛋白显著高于CON组(P < 0.05),VE组无显著差异(P > 0.05);42 d时,与CON组相比,MVE组血清总蛋白和白蛋白显著提高(P < 0.05),VE组无显著差异(P > 0.05)。(4)与CON组相比,日粮中添加MVE显著提高了血清T-SOD和GSH-Px活性(P < 0.05),VE组无显著差异(P > 0.05)。结论：日粮添加微囊化VE能够改善肉鸡的生产性能,提高肉鸡体内的蛋白质合成与代谢功能,并能够提高肉鸡的血清抗氧化能力。     

葎草-麦秸碾青料对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性状的影响

探讨葎草-麦秸碾青料对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性状的影响.对照组饲喂基础日粮,基础日粮中粗饲料为麦秸-苜蓿草,试验组使用葎草-麦秸碾青料分别替代20％、40％、60％的麦秸-苜蓿型粗饲料.结果表明:与对照组相比,40％、60％律草-麦秸碾青料组肉牛头均日增重有所提高(P＞0.05),眼肌面积分别提高了18.2％和6.4％.与对照组相比,40％葎草-麦秸碾青料组肌肉粗蛋白质含量提高7.3％,粗脂肪含量降低5.3％;60％葎草-麦秸碾青料组肌肉粗脂肪含量降低了6.1％.40％葎草-麦秸碾青料替代麦秸-苜蓿草料较适宜.     

Effect of slaughter weight and aging time on the quality of meat from Awassi ram lambs

Thirty Awassi ram lambs were used to investigate the effects of live weight at slaughter (SW) and aging time (AT) on meat quality attributes of Mm. Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris and Longissimus. Lambs were slaughtered at 20, 30 or 40 kg live weight, and muscles of each lamb carcass were aged for either 24 h or 7 days. Warner–Bratzler shear force values increased (P < 0.01) with increasing live weight and decreased (P < 0.01) by increasing AT in both M. Semimembranosus and Biceps femoris. Lightness (L*) of the four muscles decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing weight but was not affected by AT. Aging time increased (P < 0.05) redness (a*) in Mm.Semitendinosus and Longissimus. Cooking loss was reduced (P < 0.001) by increased AT in M. Longissimus and by increasing (P < 0.001) live weight in M.Semitendinosus. Aging time had no effect on expressed juice of all muscles but it was improved (P < 0.001) with increasing live weight in M. Semimembranosus. pH values were significantly influenced for Mm. Semimembranosus and Biceps femoris and values were higher for lighter weight and decreased with increasing weight. Aging time did not influenced pH. In conclusion, meat quality for lambs slaughtered up to 30 kg was better than for lambs slaughtered at 40 kg with quality being improved by increasing aging time.     

发酵非常规蛋白饲料对肉仔鸡生长性能和养分消化率的影响

研究了发酵非常规蛋白饲料(后称发酵饲料)对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响,选用250只肉仔鸡,随机分为5个处理组,试验期6周。A组饲料为基础玉米豆粕日粮,B组添加10%未发酵饲料替代部分豆粕,处理组C、D、E分别添加发酵饲料5%、10%、15%替代部分豆粕。处理组平均日采食量、平均日增重均高于B组,与A组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),D组与A组最为接近。通过代谢试验可得出,发酵饲料与未发酵饲料相比粗蛋白质消化率显著增加(P<0.05),氨基酸消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,在发酵饲料替代10%豆粕是可行的。     

Diludine对肉仔鸡的生产性能及胴体品质的影响

选用 1日龄AA肉用雏鸡 30 0只 ,随机分成 5组。按Diludine添加水平的不同分为 5个不同处理组 ,即 0 (对照组 )、5 0、10 0、15 0、2 0 0mg/kg。研究结果表明 :Diludine添加水平为 10 0和 15 0mg/kg时 ,均能显著提高日增重、饲料转化率 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Diludine添加水平为 5 0、10 0和 15 0mg/kg时 ,均能提高肉仔鸡屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率 ,降低腹脂率 ,且不同程度地改善胴体品质。但对腹脂率来说以 2 0 0mg/kg组的腹脂率最低 ,比对照组下降了 12 .4 5 % ;其次是 15 0mg/kg组 ,比对照组下降了 12 .0 3%。     

桃源鸡屠宰性能测定及肌肉营养组成分析

测定了90日龄桃源鸡商品代肉鸡的屠宰性能及其肌肉的近似营养组成、5种矿物元素和17种氨基酸含量。结果表明:90日龄公母平均活重分别为1187.43g和942.06g,性别间差异极显著(P<0.01),屠宰率分别为89.51%和88.47%,半净膛率分别为83.91%和81.06%,全净膛率分别为73.17%和70.56%,公鸡显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。桃源鸡肌肉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分含量分别为74.70%、22.08%、1.29%、和1.14%。胸腿肌中Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn的含量分别为21.03和42.66、29.36和37.93、1.15和4.25、23.02和57.03、0.45和0.89μg/g,腿肌极显著高于胸肌(P<0.01)。肌肉中17种氨基酸总量为23.98%,其中人体所需的7种必需氨基酸总和为10.66%,4种鲜味氨基酸总和为7.46%。      

苦杏仁对肉鸡生长性能和肉品质及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

通过在肉鸡饲料中添加不同剂量的苦杏仁粉,评价其对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,探究苦杏仁在畜禽生产中应用及最适添加量,为饲料中抗营养因子的开发利用提供试验依据。试验将100只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组25只;对照组(C组)饲喂基础全价饲料,低剂量组(L组)饲喂含4.5 g/kg苦杏仁粉的基础全价饲料,中剂量组(M组)饲喂含9 g/kg苦杏仁粉的基础全价饲料,高剂量组(H组)饲喂含17 g/kg苦杏仁粉的基础全价饲料,试验周期为45 d。结果表明,与C组相比,H组肉鸡的终末体重和平均日增重极显著降低(P<0.01),料重比极显著升高(P<0.01),而L组、M组肉鸡的末体重和平均日增重及料重比无显著差异(P>0.05);肌肉放置24 h和48 h后,H组肌肉肉色显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉剪切力极显著增加(P<0.01);L组胸肌粗蛋白质含量显著升高(P<0.05),M组、L组差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料中添加不同剂量的苦杏仁粉均增强肉鸡肝脏中SOD、CAT和GSH-PX的活性(P<0.05)。试验说明,饲料中添加的低剂量(4.5 g/kg)和中剂量(9 g/kg)苦杏仁粉均可改善肉鸡肉品质和增强肝脏抗氧化性能,其中以添加9 g/kg苦杏仁的效果最佳。而添加高剂量(17 g/kg)的苦杏仁粉虽能增强肉鸡肝脏的抗氧化能力,但会导致肉鸡的生长性能和肉品质降低。     

饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响

研究饲粮粒度对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化道发育的影响,60只1日龄AA+公、母混合雏随机分成2个处理组,分别饲喂细粒、粗粒饲粮至14日龄。结果表明:与细粒饲粮组相比,饲喂粗粒饲粮组肉仔鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重极显著提高(P0.01),料重比极显著降低(P0.01),十二指肠绒毛、空肠绒毛、回肠绒毛高度极显著增长(P0.01);十二指肠、回肠绒毛隐窝深度差异不显著,空肠绒毛隐窝深度极显著减小(P0.01);十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠壁厚度极显著变薄(P0.01)。     

留兰香茎叶粉对肉兔生长性能和屠宰性状的影响

在肉兔饲料里用5%、10%和15%留兰香茎叶粉替代相应苜蓿草粉探讨留兰香茎叶粉对肉兔生长性能和屠宰性状的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,5%留兰香茎叶粉组和10%留兰香茎叶粉组平均日采食量、平均日增重有改善向好的趋势(P>0.05),15%留兰香茎叶粉组平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05),3个组全净膛重、半净膛重、全净膛率和半净膛率均有提高的趋势(P>0.05)。添加10%留兰香茎叶粉替代苜宿草粉效果较好。     

乳化剂替代部分油脂对黄鸡生产性能、屠宰性能及血清相关指标的影响

将288只黄鸡随机分为3个组,分别饲喂3种日粮:基础日粮、"基础日粮+乳化剂(0.5 kg/t)-0.5%油脂+0.45%玉米"和"基础日粮+乳化剂(1 kg/t)-1%油脂+0.9%玉米",研究添加不同水平乳化剂替代油脂对黄鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能及血清相关指标的影响。结果表明:添加乳化剂同时减少油脂不影响黄鸡的生产性能,经济效益有所改善。对器官指数和屠宰性能无明显影响,改善了部分胴体指标;极显著降低了肝脏中甘油三酯的含量。     

Dehulled-micronised lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Multitalia) as the main protein source for broilers: influence on growth performance, carcass traits and meat fatty acid composition

BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to compare the effect of diets containing micronised-dehulled lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Multitalia) on growth performance, carcass yields and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens. RESULTS: Hubbard strain chicks receiving from 14 d to slaughtering age (49 d) a wheat middlings-based diet containing either deffatted soybean meal (195 g kg(-1), control) or dehulled micromicronised lupins (240 g kg(-1)) as the main protein source were used. The inclusion of treated lupin meal in the diet did not result in lower growth rates of chicks. Lupin diet had no effect on dressing percentage, or breast and drumstick muscles relative weights, but a reduction of abdominal fat content was reported (P < 0.05). White and dark meats of birds fed lupin diet had significant (P < 0.05) lower L* (lightness) values and fat content (P < 0.05). Total collagen and water-holding capacity values were higher in lupin treatment. Feeding the lupin diet resulted in lower saturated fatty acid content in breast and drumstick meat, as well as the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio and saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, while total PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acids levels increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that replacing soybean meal with dehulled-micronised lupin meal in diet for broiler chickens can produce meat with favourable lipid profile and quality, with no adverse effects on productive parameters.     

不同植酸酶理化性能及肉鸡应用效果研究

本研究选用七种不同植酸酶产品,通过粒度分布、水分、灰分、容重、耐热性、体外对植酸磷的释放效应等方面进行不同植酸酶物理特性的评估,同时在零无机磷的极端饲料配方下,观察不同植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和胫骨发育的影响,以综合评估不同植酸酶的功效。结果表明:不同植酸酶的几何平均粒径无差异(P0.05),但算术平均粒径和粒度模数差异显著(P0.001),植酸酶A、B、F和G颗粒可能更细更集中;水分、灰分含量和容重差异显著(P0.05),植酸酶A和F更有益于在配合饲料中的混合和均匀分布;不同植酸酶耐热性能不同(P0.001),A和G表现更好;体外酶解释放磷的效果差异极显著(P0.01),植酸酶A的体外磷释放率较高;相比于其他植酸酶,肉鸡饲粮中添加植酸酶A,能够极显著提高肉鸡采食量(P0.01),且有提高期末体重和平均日增重的趋势(P=0.083)。此外,处理A表现出了更大的肉鸡胫骨重(P0.05)。不同植酸酶产品理化特性比较及在肉鸡上的实际饲喂效果存在差异,可见,对植酸酶的评估不能从单一方面(如耐热性)考虑,应综合植酸酶的粒度分布和均匀度、耐热性能、肉鸡生长性能和养分释放效应以及胫骨发育等指标科学系统评估。