基于能力谱法的框架-剪力墙结构地震易损性分析

地震易损性分析是评估结构地震灾害损失的关键。应用PKPM软件设计不同设防烈度的6个10层框架-剪力墙结构。应用能力谱法求得各结构在不同罕遇烈度地震作用下的最大层间位移角,回归分析给出最大层间位移角与地震动加速度峰值的关系式。以最大层间位移角为整体性能指标,进行结构地震易损性分析,给出结构地震失效概率关于地震动加速度峰值的计算公式。计算得到不同设防烈度框架-剪力墙结构在罕遇地震作用下的震害矩阵,为评估框架-剪力墙结构的地震灾害损失,提供基础数据。     

远场地震下人字形中心支撑钢框架基于能量的性态设计方法

结构在远场地震作用下的损伤与地震动的循环效应密切相关,基于标准化滞回耗能谱、累积延性比谱,提出了人字形中心支撑钢框架基于能量的性态设计方法。该方法给出了各构件累积滞回耗能的计算公式及各构件截面的设计方法。采用该方法设计了一个10层人字形中心支撑钢框架,选取了15条远场地震记录,采用Pushover分析方法和非线性时程分析方法对设计结构的抗震性能进行了评估。分析结果表明:结构在罕遇地震下出现了理想的屈服机构;在多遇地震和罕遇地震下,结构层间侧移角均满足建筑抗震设计规范的要求;结构层间变形比较均匀,各层累积滞回耗能分布比较平均,证明了所提出设计方法的可靠性。     

加腋钢框架结构的静力弹塑性性能研究

运用SAP2000对普通钢框架和对其进行加腋后的框架进行Pushover分析,得出两类钢框架在多遇和罕遏地震作用下性能点的基底剪力和顶点位移,然后分别以第一次Pushover分析得到的性能点的顶点位移为监测位移再进行Pushover分析,得到多遇和罕遇地震作用下两类钢框架的层位移、层间位移角和各杆件的塑性铰数量及塑性铰出现的顺序。分析结果表明：加腋后钢框架在多遇和罕遇地震下的层位移减小;加腋措施使得钢框架在多遇地震下的层间位移角有减小的趋势,而在罕遏地震下的层间位移角有增大的趋势,但这种影响的幅度不大;加腋措施显著地改善了钢框架在罕遇地震下结构杆件出现的塑性铰数量和塑性铰顺序;加腋后的首层柱底达到极限承载力,为薄弱构件,加腋设计时需要注意。     

人字形中心支撑钢框架抗地震倒塌富余度研究

为了对人字形中心支撑钢框架的抗地震倒塌安全性进行评价,本文基于结构影响系数设计了7度抗震设防的5个结构算例;以倒塌富余度为衡量指标,采用FEMA P95抗地震倒塌安全性评估体系对其进行了研究。结果表明:7度抗震设防人字形中心支撑钢框架具有足够的抗地震倒塌能力,能提供足够安全的使用空间;进一步的研究表明,结构具备比"大震不倒"更强的抗地震倒塌能力,能够"特大地震不倒",对结构抗震性态设计有一定参考价值。     

装配式斜支撑节点钢框架的静力弹塑性分析

为研究新型结构装配式斜支撑节点钢框架的抗震性能,采用Pushover分析方法对其进行罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析,并与无斜撑钢框架结构进行对比。计算结果表明:7度罕遇地震作用下,装配式斜支撑节点钢框架最大层间位移角为1/223,小于GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》限值1/50,满足"大震不倒"的抗震设防目标。斜支撑的布置减小了结构在罕遇地震作用下的变形,其中结构顶点位移减小33.4%~38.1%,结构最大层间位移角减小19.3%~40.1%,塑性铰大部分出现在桁架梁腹杆部位,框架柱处于弹性阶段。     

带弧形空腹桁架的钢框架-支撑结构设计

白鹭湾湿地段L5林盘建筑采用带弧形悬挑空腹桁架的钢框架-支撑结构。通过弧形空腹桁架受力特点及三种桁架体系的对比分析，确定了内、外环弧形空腹桁架间设置竖向人字形支撑的悬挑桁架结构形式。多遇地震下的弹性时程分析得到的楼层位移、最大层间位移角及楼层剪力均与反应谱分析的结果较吻合，验证了采用反应谱法能够满足施工图设计要求。通过罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析，对基底剪力、弹塑性层间位移角、构件承载力进行了复核，结果表明，整体结构在罕遇地震下表现出较好的抗震性能，能够满足预设性能目标。针对大跨度悬挑区域，进行了楼板舒适度分析，结果表明，结构设计满足舒适度要求。     

BRBFs的抗震性能分析

应用ANSYS软件对屈曲约束支撑钢框架(BRBFs)和普通支撑钢框架的抗震性能进行有限元数值模拟,分析了两种结构在基本烈度地震作用下和罕遇地震作用下的层位移、顶层加速度及层间相对位移等结构响应,结果表明,在小震作用下两种结构抗震性能均表现良好,但在罕遇地震作用下普通支撑钢框架由于支撑的平面外失稳,导致整个结构刚度退化,而屈曲约束支撑钢框架则能更加有效地控制结构的侧移,降低结构的地震响应。     

钢板深梁填充钢框架静力弹塑性分析

本文对一个六层纯钢框架和钢框架内填钢板深梁结构进行静力弹塑性分析,对比两者在多遇地震与罕遇地震作用下层间位移角与层间位移的大小,找出多遇和罕遇地震下的性能点,对建筑物进行地震评估。     

某混凝土框架结构消能减震设计分析研究

以3层钢筋混凝土框架实际结构为例,根据实际工程情况布置粘滞消能支撑,在多遇地震和罕遇地震两个地震强度下开展时程分析计算,对比分析结构的减震效果.结果表明:多遇地震下消能减震效果较好,罕遇地震下层间位移角小于1/100的限值,满足现行抗震规范规定的"大震不倒"的抗震设防目标.     

偏心BRBFs的抗震性能分析

为了解偏心屈曲约束支撑钢框架（BRBFs）的抗震性能,运用pkpm设计软件设计门架式偏心BRBFs和人字形偏心BRBFs两种结构,基于大型有限元软件ANSYS对两种结构进行有限元数值模拟,分析了两种结构在基本烈度作用下的各层位移反应及层间位移角,结果表明,两种结构变形受低阶振型影响较大,沿高度呈倒三角地形分布,结构变形为弯剪形,各层位移及层间位移角均满足规范要求,体现出良好的抗震性能。构件产生塑性变形而耗能时,可以将结构构件等效为结构阻尼进行分析,介绍了等效阻尼比的求解方法。通过对罕遇地震作用下的两种结构的最大层间位移角、层间剪力及顶层位移时程的研究进一步评估两种结构的抗震性能,研究表明,在罕遇地震作用下,人字形偏心BRBFs的抗震性能较好。     

人字形中心支撑钢框架的结构影响系数研究

阐述了结构影响系数的定义及计算方法,采用典型的地震动记录对按照我国规范要求设计的一人字形中心支撑钢框架结构进行增量动力分析并得到其结构影响系数。结果表明,结构影响系数受分析方法、极限状态及破坏准则、有限元模型等影响较大,需要在这些方面作大量的研究工作。     

三层足尺分层装配支撑钢框架结构的振动台试验研究

为探究分层装配支撑钢框架体系在真实地震动力作用下的响应与性能,以某3层足尺房屋钢框架结构为研究对象,输入不同水准下的3条地震波进行振动台试验,分析了结构动力分步损伤行为、主（余）震层间变形、残余位移响应及其柔性支撑的可修复性。研究结果表明,结构满足我国规范对于抗震安全性的要求。在罕遇地震作用下,结构损伤集中于柔性支撑而主框架基本保持弹性,表现出损伤控制的特征,且震后基本无残余位移。未对支撑进行修复的结构在余震作用下的位移响应有所放大,但对支撑进行简易修复之后,结构抗震性能基本完全恢复。在超大地震作用下,主框架作为第二道抗震防线发展局部塑性变形,但震后残余位移仍然很小。柔性支撑初始是否张紧对结构初始刚度和层间位移分布有较大影响。支撑在动力作用下的突然张紧对结构产生了冲击效应,而支撑的延性可有效缓解此效应的影响。研究总体表明分层装配支撑钢框架体系应用于低多层建筑时具有优良的抗震性能与震后可恢复性。     

防屈曲支撑、普通和特殊中心支撑钢框架结构抗震性能分析

基于考虑人字形防屈曲支撑屈服后超强和几乎不再对被撑梁提供竖向支点作用这两个因素,本文提出了采用该种支撑的钢框架结构的设计方法,并分别对采用普通及特殊中心支撑和防屈曲支撑的框架结构的抗震性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,虽然防屈曲和特殊中心支撑框架结构的层间侧移总体上大于普通中心支撑框架结构,但前者的基底剪力却大大低于后者.罕遇地震下,三种结构中的柱子基本保持弹性,普通和特殊中心支撑出现了大幅的平面外失稳,而防屈曲支撑在拉压作用下均进入屈服耗能.三种结构中被撑梁的最大挠度在支撑屈服或失稳前后分别出现在撑点两侧和撑点位置.屈服后的防屈曲支撑几乎不产生对被撑梁竖直向下的不平衡剪力,而失稳后的普通和特殊中心支撑则对被撑梁产生较大的不平衡剪力.     

大震下防屈曲支撑钢框架弹塑性位移统计规律

通过600个弹塑性时程分析,统计了防屈曲支撑钢框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的顶层与最大层间弹塑性位移分布规律,为该结构体系的性能化抗震可靠度设计提供了参考。     

Comparative study of special and ordinary braced frames

The collapse probability of ductile and non‐ductile concentrically braced frames was investigated using nonlinear dynamic response analysis. Two buildings with three and nine stories located in Boston and Los Angeles, respectively, were designed and subjected to ground motions from the areas. In Boston area, three‐story and nine‐story buildings were designed as ordinary concentrically braced frame with response modification reduction factor R equal to 3 1/4 to be considered as non‐ductile structural systems; comparatively, in Los Angeles area, three‐story and nine‐story buildings were designed as special concentrically braced frame with response modification reduction factor R equal to 6 to be considered as ductile structural systems. In order to evaluate the performance of ductile and non‐ductile concentrically braced frames in moderate and severe seismic regions, ATC‐63 would be used as reference to assess the seismic behaviors. Evaluation approach recommended by ATC‐63 was adopted, and hundreds of nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed. Through alternating the scale factors of designated ground motions, median of structural collapse intensity was presented for each structure. By observing the results of statistical performance assessment, the seismic performance of the systems was evaluated, and some observations are made based on the study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Progressive collapse analysis of seismically designed steel braced frames

The progressive collapse resistance of seismically designed steel braced frames is investigated using validated computational simulation models. Two types of braced systems are considered: namely, special concentrically braced frames and eccentrically braced frames. The study is conducted on previously designed 10-story prototype buildings by applying the alternate path method. In this methodology, critical columns and adjacent braces, if present, are instantaneously removed from an analysis model and the ability of the model to successfully absorb member loss is investigated. Member removal in this manner is intended to represent a situation where an extreme event or abnormal load destroys the member. The simulation results show that while both systems benefit from placement of the seismically designed frames on the perimeter of the building, the eccentrically braced frame is less vulnerable to progressive collapse than the special concentrically braced frame. Improvement in behavior is due to improved system and member layouts in the former compared to the latter rather than the use of more stringent seismic detailing.     

大型火电厂钢结构主厂房铰接中心支撑框架体系的振动台试验研究

为获得铰接中心支撑框架结构体系的抗震性能,以位于抗震设防烈度8度区的某大型火电厂钢结构主厂房横向最不利一榀的煤仓间部分为原型,按1∶12缩尺比例设计制作了试验模型,并对其进行了14种地震工况下的模拟地震作用振动台试验。得到了模型结构的动力特性、阻尼比及其在8度多遇、基本和罕遇烈度下的加速度和位移响应等。结果表明:8度多遇地震作用前后结构第1阶频率为4.59Hz,8度罕遇地震作用后,第1阶频率减小为4.40Hz,但梁柱仍然完好,仅有个别支撑和节点板出现了微小的平面外变形。依据试验与有限元分析结果,推算出试验原型结构在三种地震(E l Centro、CholamShandon、人工地震)的多遇烈度以及人工地震的罕遇烈度下,层间位移角均满足我国现行抗震规范要求。该体系在高烈度区也可具有良好的抗震性能。     

Cyclic flexural analysis and behavior of beam-column connections with gusset plates

This research investigates the cyclic flexural behavior of double-angle concentrically braced frame beam-column connections using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis. Prior experimental research demonstrated that such connections possess appreciable flexural stiffness, strength, and ductility. The reserve capacity provided by these connections plays a significant role in the seismic behavior of low-ductility concentrically braced frames, so knowledge about the impact of connection parameters on local limit states and global connection performance is needed for employing reserve capacity to design and assess concentrically braced frames. Finite element models were developed and validated against prior experiments with focus on the limit states of failure of the fillet weld between the gusset plate and beam, low-cycle fatigue fracture of the steel angles joining the beam and gusset plate to the column, and bolt fracture. The models were used to evaluate the flexural stiffness, strength, and ductility of braced frame connections with primary attention on the effects of beam depth, angle thickness, and a supplemental seat angle. The finite element analysis demonstrated that increasing beam depth and angle thickness and adding a supplemental seat angle all increased the stiffness and strength of the connection while maintaining deformation capacity. A procedure to estimate the flexural behavior of beam-column connections with gusset plates was developed based on the results of the numerical simulations.     

Incremental dynamic analysis of steel frames equipped with NiTi shape memory alloy braces

This paper determines the seismic performance of four‐storey concentrically braced frames equipped with either steel buckling‐restrained braces or buckling‐restrained superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) braces through incremental dynamic analysis. The incremental dynamic analysis technique is used to examine the behaviour of four‐storey braced frames with four different bracing configurations (including diagonal, split‐X, chevron‐V and inverted‐V) under 20 different ground motion records. The study reveals a satisfactory performance at the design intensity level for both types of braced frames. The results show that the SMA braces lead to a uniform distribution of inelastic response over the height of the buildings, as well as mitigating seismic response in terms of maximum inter‐storey drift and residual roof displacement. By comparing the responses of SMA and buckling‐restrained braced frames under higher intensities of earthquake loading, it is found that the SMA braces can be more beneficial especially under severe ground motion excitations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人字形延性中心支撑钢框架的抗震设计与分析

讨论美国钢结构抗震设计规程中人字形延性中心支撑钢框架的抗震设计和分析。在强震作用下的基本设计理念为:钢支撑框架中的塑性变形集中于支撑上,通过支撑受拉屈服和受压屈曲来消耗能量,其他结构构件需保持弹性。结合1栋9层支撑钢框架,阐述美国钢结构抗震设计规程的相关具体规定,并得到设计建议:支撑截面的选择受到局部宽厚比的限制;框架梁截面的尺寸由强度控制,主要考虑由于支撑受拉屈服和受压屈曲所形成的竖向不平衡力的作用;框架柱截面的尺寸由考虑所有受压支撑移去时的结构模型控制。