The influence of poly(acrylic acid) molar mass and concentration on the properties of polyalkenoate cements Part I Compressive strength

The influence of poly(acrylic acid), PAA molar mass, concentration and glass volume fraction were investigated on the compressive strength of polyalkenoate cements after ageing for 1, 7 and 28 days in water at 37°C. The compressive strength increased with the molar mass of the polyacid. The increase in compressive strength with molar mass was greater at higher PAA concentrations. Increasing the polyacid concentration generally increased the compressive strength, until PAA concentrations greater than 50% m/m were achieved. Increasing the glass volume fraction had little influence on the compressive strength of cements made with low PAA concentrations, however the compressive strength increased with glass volume fraction for cements that had a high PAA concentration. Increasing the ageing time of the cement prior to testing generally resulted in an increase in compressive strength. However the influence of ageing time was greater in cements made with high PAA concentrations.     

Fluoridated hydroxyapatite nanorods as novel fillers for improving mechanical properties of dental composite: Synthesis and application

Fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA) in nanorod morphology and hexagonal cross section were synthesised via hydrothermal process using Apricot Tree Gum (ATG) as a surfactant. The synthesised FHA nanorods were then used as reinforcement in bisphenol A-glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) as base monomer of composite matrix. The FHA nanorods with different ratios were incorporated in the matrix to examine fluoride ion release and pH changes in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and their mechanical properties. The resin without FHA reinforcement was used as the control sample. The Diametral Tensile Strength (DTS), Flexural Strength (FS), and Flexural Modulus (FM) of the reinforced composite were found to be higher compared to the control sample; the values increased from 34.8 to 45.4 MPa, 76.5 to 99.4 MPa, and 1.7 to 2.5 GPa, respectively. Moreover, findings revealed that the pH is reduced by releasing the fluoride ions into the SBF which can be effective for preventing secondary caries. The most optimum mechanical properties were achieved with 0.2 wt% of FHA reinforcement. The FHA nanocomposite meets the minimum standard requirements for dental applications and compared to other dental composites has advantage of preventing formation of secondary caries due to release of fluoride.     

Flexural properties of crosslinked and oligomer-modified glass-fibre reinforced acrylic bone cement

The flexural properties of oligomer-modified bone cement with various quantities of crosslinking monomer with or without glass fibre reinforcement were studied. The flexural strength and modulus of acrylic bone cement-based test specimens (N=6), including crosslinked and oligomer-modified structures with or without glass fibres, were measured in dry conditions and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for seven days (analysis with ANOVA). One test specimen from the acrylic bone cement group containing 30 wt % crosslinking monomer of its total monomer content was examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate signs of the semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). The highest dry mean flexural strength (130 MPa) was achieved with the bone cement/crosslinking monomer/glass fibre combination containing 5 wt % crosslinking monomer of its monomer content. The highest flexural modulus (11.5 GPa) was achieved with the bone cement/crosslinking monomer/glass fibre combination containing 30 wt % crosslinking monomer of its monomer content. SBF storage decreased the flexural properties of the test specimens, as did the addition of the oligomer filler. Nevertheless, the addition of crosslinking monomer and chopped glass fibres improves considerably the mechanical properties of oligomer-modified (i.e. porosity-producing filler containing) acrylic bone cement. In addition, some signs of the semi-IPN structure were observed by SEM examination.     

The influence of poly(acrylic acid) molar mass and concentration on the properties of polyalkenoate cements Part II Young''s modulus and flexural strength

The Young's modulus and flexural strength were determined for glass polyalkenoate cements as a function of poly(acrylic acid), PAA molar mass, concentration, glass volume fraction and cement ageing time. The Young's modulus was independent of PAA molar mass. The Young's modulus increased dramatically with the PAA concentration of the cement until concentrations greater than 50% m/m were reached. The modulus increased with time for nearly all the cements investigated consistent with a continuing ionic cross-linking process in the cement matrix. The modulus increased with an increase in the volume fraction of the higher modulus glass phase. Increasing the glass volume fraction provides more surface area for acid attack resulting in a more cross-linked polysalt matrix, as well as increasing the volume fraction of residual glass particles. Flexural strength was highly dependent on molar mass of the PAA and its concentration. The molar mass dependence of the flexural strength was greatest at higher PAA concentrations.     

A novel light-cured glass-ionomer system for improved dental restoratives

A novel light-cured glass-ionomer cement (LCGIC) system based on the 4-arm star-shape poly(acrylic acid) (AA) tethered with glycidyl methacrylate has been developed. The 4-arm poly(AA) polymer was synthesized using atom-transfer radical polymerization. The purified polymer was used to formulate with water and Fuji II LC filler to form LCGICs. Compressive strength (CS) was used as a screening tool for evaluation. The effects of grafting ratio, polymer/water (P/W) ratio, filler powder/polymer liquid (P/L) ratio and aging on strengths were investigated. All the specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h prior to testing. The results show that the 4-arm poly(AA) polymer exhibited a lower viscosity as compared to its linear counterpart that was synthesized via conventional free-radical polymerization. This novel LCGIC system was 13% in CS, 86% in diametral tensile strength (DTS) and 123% in flexural strength higher but 93.6% in shrinkage lower than Fuji II LC. Increasing P/W ratio significantly increased both CS and DTS. Upon increasing grafting ratio, the CS was increased from 35% to 50% but not from 50% to 70%. Likewise, when P/L ratio was increased, the CS was increased from 2.2 to 2.7 but not from 2.7 to 3.0. During aging, the ultimate CS (MPa) was significantly increased from 209.2 at 1 h to 329.7 at 1 week. It appears that this novel LCGIC system will be a better dental restorative because it demonstrated improved mechanical strengths as well as little shrinkage and may eliminate cytotoxicity in current LCGICs caused by leached HEMA.     

Comparison of an experimental bone cement with a commercial control, Hydroset™

Glass polyalkenoate cements based on strontium calcium zinc silicate glasses (Zn-GPCs) and high molecular weight polyacrylic acids (PAA) (MW; 52,000–210,000) have been shown to exhibit mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity suitable for arthroplasty applications. Unfortunately, these formulations exhibit working times and setting times which are too short for invasive surgical applications such as bone void filling and fracture fixation. In this study, Zn-GPCs were formulated using a low molecular weight PAA (MW; 12,700) and a modifying agent, trisodium citrate dihydrate (TSC), with the aim of improving the rheological properties of Zn-GPCs. These novel formulations were then compared with commercial self-setting calcium phosphate cement, Hydroset™, in terms of compressive strength, biaxial flexural strength and Young’s modulus, as well as working time, setting time and injectability. The novel Zn-GPC formulations performed well, with prolonged mechanical strength (39 MPa, compression) greater than both vertebral bone (18.4 MPa) and the commercial control (14 MPa). However, working times (2 min) and rheological properties of Zn-GPCs, though improved, require further modifications prior to their use in minimally invasive surgical techniques.     

Influence of poly(acrylic acid) molar mass on the fracture properties of glass polyalkenoate cements

The failure behaviour of glass polyalkenoate cements was investigated using a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach. Cements were based on four model glasses with varying reactivity and four poly(acrylic acid)s (PAA)s with number average molar masses (Mn) ranging from 3.25 × 104 to 1.08 × 105. Cement properties were studied at time intervals of one, seven and twenty eight days. Compressive strengths (c) of the cements increased with increasing fluorine content of the glass, with increased molar mass of the PAA and with ageing time. The Young's moduli increased with time, but were lower for cements based on the fluorine free glass. Moduli values were independant of PAA molar mass. The un-notched fracture strength (f) of the cement increased with the molar mass of the PAA and with ageing time. Glass composition did not appreciably influence the un-notched fracture strength. The fracture toughness (KIC) increased with the molar mass of the PAA and with ageing time, but reduced with increasing fluorine content of the glass. The toughness (GIC) was dependant on molar mass. The influence of molar mass was not as great as predicted by the reptation chain pull-out model for fracture. The molar mass dependence of toughness was greatest with the lower fluorine content glasses. The plastic zone size at the crack tip increased with the molar mass of the PAA. However the plastic zone size decreased with ageing time for all the cements studied and was smaller for the more reactive higher fluorine content glasses.     

Ti35Nb7Zr-xHA生物复合材料的微观组织与性能研究

为了改善Ti-Nb-Zr合金的生物活性,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了不同羟基磷灰石(HA)含量的Ti35Nb7Zr-xHA(x=0、5、10、20(质量分数,%))生物复合材料,研究了HA含量对复合材料微观组织、力学性能及体外生物活性的影响。结果表明,复合材料主要由β-Ti、α-Ti、HA及陶瓷相(Ti_xP_y、CaTiO_3、Ti_2O、CaO)组成;HA含量增加会导致β-Ti减少而α-Ti和陶瓷相明显增多;与Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金(E:45GPa,σ:1 736 MPa)相比,HA含量为5%和10%时,复合材料的抗压强度分别为1 662MPa和1 593MPa,弹性模量分别为48GPa和49GPa,综合力学性能与Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金接近,展现出良好的力学性能,而过高的HA含量(20%)会导致复合材料弹性模量明显升高(E:55GPa)、抗压强度急剧下降(σ:958 MPa),复合材料的力学性能降低;体外生物活性实验表明,加入10%HA的复合材料在人工模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡7d后表面生成了大量的类骨磷灰石层,与Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金相比,其显示出更优异的体外生物活性。     

Mechanical behavior of bioactive composite cements consisting of resin and glass-ceramic powder in a simulated body fluid: Effect of silane coupling agent

Time-dependent strength behavior was investigated for bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA) resin cements combined with glass-ceramic A-W filler treated with various kinds of silane coupling agents. The fracture strength of the composite resin cements was measured by three-point bending as a function of stressing rate in a simulated body fluid (SBF), and thereby the stress-corrosion susceptibility constant was evaluated. The fracture strength was found to depend on the kind of coupling agent used. For the present Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin, the silane coupling agents without hydrophilic amine groups can be used to obtain good adhesion between resin and A-W filler owing to their nature of co-polymerizing with the resin. On the other hand, all the composite resin cements showed nearly the same degree of stress-corrosion susceptibility whether the A-W fillers were treated or untreated with silane coupling agents. This means that the stress-corrosion susceptibility of the present composite cements is predominantly affected by that of the matrix resin. Thus, the microcrack formation and growth at the resin matrix near particle - resin interface were thought to determine overall time-dependent strength behavior of the composite cements.     

An Octacalcium Phosphate Forming Cement

The osteoconductive and possibly osteoinductive characteristics of OCP increased the interest in preparation of bone graft materials that contain OCP in its composition. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) were prepared using a mixture of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), with α-TCP / DCPA molar ratio of 1/1 and distilled water or 0.5 mol / L phosphate aqueous solution (pH = 6.1 ± 0.1) as the cement liquid. Hardening time was (30 ± 1) min for the CPC mixed with water and (5 ± 1) min for the CPC mixed with phosphate solution. Diametral tensile strength (DTS), porosity (P), and phase composition (powder x-ray diffraction) were determined after the hardened specimens had been immersed in a physiological-like solution (PLS) for 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d. In CPC specimens prepared with water, calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) was formed and DTS and P were (9.03 ± 0.48) MPa and (37.05 ± 0.20) vol % after 1 d, respectively, and (9.15 ± 0.45) MPa and (37.24 ± 0.63) vol % after 3 d, respectively. In CPC specimens prepared with phosphate solution OCP and HA were formed and DTS and P were (4.38 ± 0.49) MPa and (41.44 ± 1.25) vol % after 1 d, respectively,(4.38 ± 0.29) MPa and (42.52 ± 2.15) vol % after 3 d, respectively, and (4.30 ± 0.60) MPa and (41.38 ± 1.65) vol % after 7 d, respectively. For each group DTS and P did not change with PLS immersion time. DTS was significantly higher and P was significantly lower for CPCs prepared with water. HA formation slightly increased with immersion time from 40 mass % after 1 d to 50 mass % after 3 d in CPCs prepared with water. OCP + HA formation increased with immersion time from 30 mass % after 1 d to 35 mass % after 3 d and to 45 mass % after 7 d in CPCs prepared with 0.5 mol / L phosphate solution.     

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Self Setting Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements Mixed With Different Metal Oxides

Calcium phosphate cements (CPC), based on multicomponent powder mixtures of calcium orthophosphates with medium particle sizes in the region of 1 ‐ 20 μm, set isothermally in an aqueous environment to form hydroxyapatite (HA). HA cement reactants include tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), dicalcium phosphate anhydrate (DCPA), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), monocalcium phosphate (MCPA) or octacalcium phosphate (OCP). The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical performance of TTCP / DCPA cement by adding several metal oxides to tetracalcium phosphate during the fabrication process. Cements based on tetracalcium phosphate mixed with silica or titanium oxide showed significant increases in compressive strength, approximately 80 ‐ 100 MPa, whilst no change in the mechanical behavior of CPC was observed if zirconia was added. X‐ray diffraction measurement confirmed the setting reaction of doped cements was similar to that of pure CPC. Low crystalline HA was found to be the main constituant of set cement; additional phases, such as calcium titanate or calcium zirconate, were not involved in the reaction. A mechanical reinforcement effect was thought to result from changes in the thermodynamic or kinetic solubilities of doped tetracalcium phosphates, this would lead to slower HA crystal formation and a more cross‐linked cement structure.     

钛涂覆多孔羟基磷灰石涂层的制备及其生物活性

在纯钛基体表面通过电泳沉积的方法制得壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石(CS/HA)复合涂层, 然后将复合涂层烧结形成多孔HA涂层。采用SEM对多孔HA涂层的形貌进行观察, XRD分析涂层的物相组成, 粘结拉伸实验测定涂层与基体的结合强度, 1.5倍人体模拟体液(1.5SBF)浸泡测定涂层的生物活性。结果表明: 当悬浮液中CS与HA质量比为1∶1时, 制得的CS/HA复合涂层经过700℃烧结处理, 涂层中CS热分解致孔形成多孔HA涂层, 孔径在10~25 μm, 涂层与基体的结合强度可达19.5 MPa; 在1.5SBF中浸泡5天后, 多孔HA涂层表面完全碳磷灰石化, 呈现较好的生物活性。      

Notch strength insensitivity of self-setting hydroxyapatite bone cements

The effect of notches on the strength properties of self-setting hydroxyapatite (HA) cements is examined. Such stress concentrators may be present at orthopedic repair sites employing cements and significantly affect their mechanical reliability. Notched tensile specimens were prepared from two cement compositions that resulted in HA and carbonated apatite. The notch radii was varied from 0.15 to 6 mm with a fixed length of 6 mm. The strength of the cements was found to be surprisingly insensitive to the presence of the notches over the range of notch radii examined. A fracture statistics model incorporating a Weibull statistical approach was employed to rationalize the observed notch insensitivity.     

The formation of hydroxyapatite–calcium polyacrylate composites

Tetracalcium phosphate (TetCP, Ca₄(PO₄)₂O) reacts rapidly with polyacrylic acid (PAA). Complete reaction results in the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and calcium polyacrylate. Consequently, this combination of reactants can react to form a dental cement. However, reaction occurs so rapidly that it would be difficult to achieve a homogeneous mixture of reactants suitable for use in restorations. In order to explore extending the working time, the effects of prehydrating the TetCP to form surface layers of HAp on the TetCP particles was explored. Prehydration was found to be an effective means of allowing workability. Therefore, the effects of the proportions of TetCP and PAA, with and without HAp filler, on cement properties were investigated. The extents of the reactions were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis; the extents of PAA neutralization were studied by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR); pore structures were determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry; microstructures were observed by scanning microscopy, and compressive strengths were determined. After curing for 17 days at room temperature PAA neutralization was almost complete; however, residual TetCP could be detected by X-ray diffraction and PAA by FTIR. As expected, the compressive strengths of the cements showed a dependence on the liquid (water+polymer)-to-solid (TetCP+HAp filler) used. The presence of HAp filler caused a significant decrease in compressive strength and increasing the proportion of HAp filler resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength. The characteristics of the load–deflection curves showed a dependence on the presence of HAp filler. In the absence of filler, two slopes were observed in the curves whereas a linear curve, typical of a ceramic, was observed when HAp filler was present. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) indicated the majority of the porosity was present in pores larger than 0.1 m. Porosity increased with increasing liquid-to-solids ratio and with an increasing proportion of HAp filler at a constant liquid-to-solids ratio. Microstructural observations indicated the effect of HAp filler on increasing porosity was the result of porosity present in the filler itself. Thus, poorly consolidated HAp filler contributed to increased porosity and reduced compressive strength. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Reinforcing of a calcium phosphate cement with hydroxyapatite crystals of various morphologies

A series of biocomposite materials was successfully prepared by reinforcing advanced calcium phosphate cement with hydroxyapatite fibrous and elongated plate-like particles. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that ball-milled biocomposite precursors (dicalcium and tetracalcium phosphates) entirely transform to a single phase hydroxyapatite end product within 7 h at 37 °C. Electron microscopy showed that the resultant biocomposites are constituted of nanoscaled cement particles intimately associated with the reinforcement crystals. The influence of shape, size, and concentration of the hydroxyapatite filler on the compression strength of reinforced cements is discussed. The best compression strength of 37 ± 3 MPa (enhancement of ～50% compared to pure cement) was achieved using submicrometer-sized hydroxyapatite crystals with complementary shapes. Nanoindentation revealed that averaged elastic modulus and hardness values of the cements are consistent with those reported for trabecular and cortical human bones, indicating a good match of the micromechanical properties for their potential use for bone repair. The stiffness of the biocomposites was confirmed to gradate-compliant cement matrix, cement-filler interface, and stiff filler-as a result of the structuring at the nanometer-micrometer level. This architecture is critical in conditioning the final mechanical properties of the functional composite biomaterial. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that the developed biomaterial system is noncytotoxic.     

Effect of crosslinking agents on poly(ethylmethacrylate) bone cements

Asceptic loosening of cemented joint prostheses in many cases is related to the mechanical failure of the acrylic bone cement. Poly(methylmethacrylate) bone cements are widely used in orthopaedic surgery although there are well-known disadvantages. A lower modulus bone cement based on poly(ethylmethacrylate)–n-butylmethacrylate with a lower polymerization exotherm, and a low monomer extractibility, is a promising alternative. The effect of incorporating crosslinking agents in order to improve the mechanical performance of the PEMA bone cement is reported. Three different bifunctional dimethacrylate crosslinking agents with different chain lengths and degrees of flexibility were incorporated in the monomer phase, and cements formulated. The setting time was found to decrease in the presence of the cross-linking agents and the polymerization exotherm decreased in the presence of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, n=400. Incorporation of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate showed an increase in the tensile strength and modulus with a decrease in the strain at maximum stress. However, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, n=400, did not improve the mechanical properties appreciably which may be attributed to the low crosslinking density and higher flexibility of the spacer group in the crosslinking agent.     

Synthesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-vinylpyrrolidone modified acrylic acid copolymer in supercritical fluids and its application in dental glass-ionomer cements

Compressed fluids such as supercritical CO(2) offer marvellous opportunities for the synthesis of polymers, particularly in applications in medicine and dentistry. It has several advantages in comparison to conventional polymerisation solvents, such as enhanced kinetics and simplified solvent removal process. In this study, poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PAA-IA-NVP), a modified glass-ionomer polymer, was synthesised in supercritical CO(2) (sc-CO(2)) and methanol as a co-solvent. The synthesised polymer was characterized by (1)H-NMR, Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy and viscometry. The molecular weight of the final product was also measured using static light scattering method. The synthesised polymers were subsequently used in several glass ionomer cement formulations (Fuji II commercial GIC) in which mechanical strength (compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS)) and handling properties (working and setting time) of the resulting cements were evaluated. The polymerisation reaction in sc-CO(2)/methanol was significantly faster than the corresponding polymerisation reaction in water and the purification procedures were simpler for the former. Furthermore, glass ionomer cement samples made from the terpolymer prepared in sc-CO(2)/methanol exhibited higher CS and DTS and comparable BFS compared to the same polymer synthesised in water. The working properties of glass ionomer formulations made in sc-CO(2)/methanol were comparable and in selected cases better than the values of those made from polymers synthesised in water.     

Relationship between apatite-forming ability and mechanical properties of bioactive PMMA-based bone cement modified with calcium salts and alkoxysilane

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement is used for the fixation of artificial joints in orthopaedics. However, the fixation is liable to loosen in the body, because the cement does not bond to living bone. So-called bioactive ceramics bond directly to living bone through the apatite layer formed on their surfaces in the body. We previously revealed that modification using γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and water-soluble calcium salts such as calcium acetate and calcium hydroxide was effective for providing the PMMA-based bone cement with apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF, Kokubo solution) that closely reproduces the body environment. However, the effect of the chemical reaction forming the apatite on the mechanical properties of the cements has not been clarified. The present work aimed to investigate this issue from the viewpoint of the interface structure between the apatite and the cement. The surface of the cement modified with calcium acetate and MPS was fully covered with newly formed apatite after soaking in Kokubo solution within 7 days, while half of the surface area of the cement modified with calcium hydroxide and MPS was covered with the apatite. The bending strength of the modified cements decreased after soaking in Kokubo solution. Porous structure was observed in the region about 50–100 μm in depth from the top surface because of release of the Ca²⁺ ions by both modified cements after soaking in Kokubo solution. The decrease in bending strength of the modified cements could be attributed to the formation of the pores. In addition, the pores on the top surfaces of the cements were filled with the newly formed apatite. The apatite formation would be effective not only for bioactivity but also for decreasing the reduction of mechanical strength.     

可注射nano HA/PAG/CS复合材料的制备与表征

通过原位聚合法制备了可注射纳米羟基磷灰石/天门冬氨酸-谷氨酸共聚物/硫酸钙复合材料(HA/PAG/CS), 采用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合材料的组成结构、表面形貌及力学性能进行了表征, 研究了复合材料在模拟体液(SBF)中的降解性能。结果显示: 复合材料无机相羟基磷灰石、硫酸钙与有机相天门冬氨酸-谷氨酸共聚物之间存在化学相互作用, 具有良好的抗压强度; 7周后, 复合材料在SBF中完全降解, 降解方式为表面降解; 在降解过程中, 浸泡液的pH值在6.4~7.4之间变化; 复合材料在SBF中浸泡后, 其表面能够沉积磷灰石, 表明复合材料具有良好的生物活性, 有利于植入体与骨组织形成良好的界面结合。     

Novel dental nanocomposites: fabrication and investigation of their physicochemical,mechanical and biological properties

The aim of this study was to investigate biological, physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of a series of novel dental restorative nanocomposites that comprise dendritic methacrylate end-caped monomers, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA; as diluting monomer) and modified silica nanoparticles (\(\hbox {M-SiO}_{2}\); as inorganic filler). The cytotoxicity effects of the monomers and fabricated nanocomposites were examined against NIH3T3 cells (the standard fibroblast cell line) through MTT and trypan blue cell viability tests, respectively. The antibacterial activities of the monomers were evaluated against Lactobacillus plantarum by standard agar disk diffusion approach. The mechanical properties (flexural strength (FS) and compressive strength (CS)) as well as some physicochemical characteristics such as water sorption (WS), sol fraction (SF) and double bond conversion (DC) were also investigated, and compared with corresponding characteristics of 3M Filtek Z250 as a reference. Thus, the fabricated nanocomposites have potential as dental restorative materials mainly due to their suitable biological, physicochemical and mechanical properties.