我国建筑节能服务体系的发展

在既有公共建筑节能改造中,我国将积极推进合同能源管理的发展,但节能服务市场的发展还处于初级阶段.提出了建立市场准入机制、建立检测与验证的规范、开辟融资渠道、提高节能服务公司技术水平等建议,指出在中国建筑节能领域的合同能源管理事业中,挑战大于机遇.     

基于合同能源管理的既有公共建筑节能障碍及对策分析

利用合同能源管理机制是开展既有公共建筑节能改造的有效形式,但其在运行过程中存在诸多障碍。本文论述了合同能源管理机制对既有公共建筑节能改造的可行性,分析了该机制运行中存在的阻碍因素,提出了适合既有公共建筑节能改造的合同能源管理机制运行对策。     

公共建筑节能合同能源管理探索与实践

建筑业是我国能耗大户之一,公共建筑能耗高而且节能潜力巨大,对公共建筑节能改造是推行我国建筑节能重要步骤,合同能源管理是一种基于市场的节能新机制。合同能源管理虽然在中国发展已有多年,但由于具体项目实施复杂、周期长、业务拓展难、服务模式单一,同时缺乏有效的可持续融资渠道支持,合同能源管理本身难以实现可持续的快速发展。本文针对上述五个核心问题及障碍,以我司实际的综合节能改造合同能源管理项目为例,介绍了公共建筑节能合同能源管理的探索和实践,并指出了合同能源管理在未来公共建筑方面的发展趋势。     

重庆推动公建节能改造的现状与展望

<正>2011年,重庆市被住房和城乡建设部、财政部列为全国首批公共建筑节能改造重点城市以来,以发展合同能源管理模式为重点,积极加强行政引导,深入开展体制创新,努力强化技术支撑,着力培育市场机制,取得了阶段性成果,为运用合同能源管理机制推动既有公共建筑节能改造进行了有益的探索。1、重庆市推进公共建筑节能改造重点城市建设的基本情况按照住房和城乡建设部、财政部批准的公共建筑节能改造重点城市建设任务,重庆应完成不少于400万平方米的既有公共建     

合同能源管理在我国公共建筑的应用现状分析

通过市场调研,分析了合同能源管理在我国公共建筑中的应用现状,总结出节能服务公司综合实力不强、缺乏系统的法律政策支持、节能信息未广泛普及和节能融资障碍等因素是公共建筑未能广泛实施合同能源管理的主要原因,针对合同能源管理存在的障碍,提出了推动我国合同能源管理机制在公共建筑中发展的措施建议。     

既有公共建筑综合性改造利益相关者分析

当前我国既有公共建筑相关改造主要集中在节能改造领域,而对环境提升改造和安全性改造缺少足够的重视。因此,本文主要从节能改造、环境提升改造和安全性改造三个方面深入分析我国既有公共建筑综合性改造中各利益相关方的真实诉求,并根据公共建筑的业主性质分为商业类、政府类和公益类,从而识别各类公共建筑在运行综合改造机制过程中的障碍,期望能为全面科学规范地推进既有公共建筑综合性改造打下坚实的基础。     

重庆市公共建筑节能改造项目引入监理机制的探讨

该文结合重庆市开展既有公共建筑节能改造示范工作实际,分析了既有公共建筑节能改造示范项目实施过程中存在的管理问题,阐述了在以合同能源管理模式实施的公共建筑节能改造项目中引入监理机制的作用,并提出了相关对策建议。     

《公共建筑节能改造技术规范》解读

行业标准《公共建筑节能改造技术规范》已于2009年12月1日起实施。该标准是建设领域进行公共建筑节能改造工作的重要技术标准,也是国内第一部公共建筑节能改造技术规范,对规范该行业市场,推动建筑节能改造工作的开展具有重要作用。标准的制定,规范了公共建筑节能改造的程序、方法及内容,为既有公共建筑节能改造提供了依据,对公共建筑节能运行和节能改造具有巨大的促进作用。     

基于SD 的既有公共建筑节能改造综合效益研究

我国既有公共建筑占地面积大且耗能量高,为提高既有公共建筑节能改造项目的综合效益,通过文献梳理和问卷调查,筛选出影响既有公共建筑节能改造的22 个关键因素,应用Vensim PLE 软件建立系统动力学模型。结合某既有公共建筑项目提供的数据建立方程,通过仿真模拟找出影响企业节能改造效益的最敏感因素。在此基础上,制定出了既有公共建筑节能改造效益驱动组合方案进行仿真分析,得出了提升既有公共建筑节能改造效益的最佳驱动策略,为推动既有公共建筑节能改造项目的发展提供一定的理论指导和参考。     

公共建筑合同能源管理问题与建议

<正>我国公共建筑总量大,能耗高。据测算,公共建筑节能潜力普遍在30%以上,有些大型公共建筑节能潜力甚至可达50%以上。利用合同能源管理模式进行公共建筑节能改造,不仅能够达到节能减排的社会效益,还能为业主和节能服务公司带来经济效益,是一种双赢的市场新机制。目前公共建筑合同能源管理模式,在我国面临着市场需求不足、融资困难、市场混乱等问题,需要从刺激市场需求、创新金融方式、完善第三方市场等方面寻找出路。     

北方采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造融资方案设计

结合既有居住建筑节能改造工作的实践经验,得出地方政府支持力度不够、居民百姓出资意愿不高、其他主体投资兴趣不大是导致既有居住建筑节能改造融资困难的主要障碍。运用市场生命周期理论,按照既有居住建筑节能改造市场产生、成长、成熟三个阶段,相应提出了设置节能改造专项资金、合同能源管理,碳汇融资,BOT,信托融资、股权融资,债券融资,项目融资,商业性贷款,内源融资等既有居住建筑节能改造融资方案。     

既有建筑节能改造障碍识别及对策研究

分析既有建筑改造过程中在技术、管理和政策方面存在的问题,为我国开展既有建筑节能改造提供了完善的技术标准体系,建立节能运行管理制度,制定可行的供热体制改革方案和探索多渠道的融资模式。     

中国公共建筑节能管理与改造制度研究

本研究基于国务院《建筑节能管理条例》的调研,分析了现阶段我国公共建筑节能管理与改造面临的主要障碍,并对此设计了符合我国国情的制度及实施和保障程序,为我国公共建筑节能管理与改造相关政策的制定、建筑节能技术发展方向的引导,提供了重要的理论方法与手段。     

Retrofit cost-effectiveness: Estonian apartment buildings

The economic viability and investment cost of the energy retrofit of apartment buildings are analysed through different energy efficiency levels. To analyse retrofit policy cost-optimal energy efficiency levels and investment costs, a baseline of measured actual energy usage of apartment buildings was created and then individual energy-saving measures and retrofit packages were composed. The cost-optimal level over a 20-year period for apartment building retrofit was a low-energy-building energy performance level, with an investment cost of €150–170/m². Retrofit to low energy building level would be economically viable but the investment capability of apartment owner associations is found to be insufficient for the necessary investments to achieve low-energy-building energy performance. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what levels of financial support can encourage retrofit to occur. The analysis of the current retrofit shows that subsides will increase investment by apartment owner associations into energy efficiency improvements. The target group for energy efficiency retrofit subsidies should be apartment buildings that reach low energy building performance level or at least match the energy performance requirement for new buildings.     

既有公共建筑改造节能效果实例分析

以某既有公共建筑节能改造为例,对比改造前后全年耗电量及分项能耗,分析不同节能改造措施对应的节能效果;通过改造后现场温度实测,分析说明围护结构改造后对室内热环境的影响.研究结果为夏热冬冷地区既有公共建筑节能改造方向和节能改造重点提供参考.     

Elaboration of energy saving renovation measures for urban existing residential buildings in north China based on simulation and site investigations

It is necessary to determine whether to implement a retrofit measure or not based on its energy saving and economic benefits, when conducting a retrofit project. The common way to do that is to set up a building simulation model and calculate its energy saving and economic benefits. Because of the great discrepancy between the actuality and the building simulation model, it is very important to use the factual energy use to calibrate the model, so as to accurately predict the benefits of retrofit measures. Although the energy efficiency retrofit of residential buildings in north China is implemented in a large scale, it seldom knows whether the commonly used retrofit packages are optimized. Therefore, a typical residential building is selected in Beijing, and the energy saving and economic benefits of different retrofit measures are analyzed using a simulation model calibrated with its actual space heating energy use, and the optimized retrofit packages are put forward. Results shows the retrofit of space heating system is a very attractive measure due to its relatively low investment but good energy saving benefit, and roof retrofit is also cost effective, while window retrofit and wall retrofit are not economic to conduct separately. Four optimized retrofit packages are figured out to realize the 50% and 65% reductions of space heating intensity required in the energy efficiency standards, which have less investment costs compared with currently widely used packages, and the retrofit packages for the 65% reduction is more cost-effective than the packages for the 50% reduction.     

海南地区既有公共建筑围护结构节能改造分析

通过对海南地区既有公共建筑年代、类型,建筑窗墙比,外墙、外窗、屋顶构造等方面的详细调研,得出了海南地区既有公共建筑的节能现状。利用DeST-h软件对海南地区典型既有公共建筑进行节能诊断及改造效果分析,海南地区既有公共建筑围护结构热工性能较差,建筑能耗较高。建筑节能改造的潜力和重点在于降低外窗的综合遮阳系数和屋顶、外墙的太阳辐射吸收系数。经改造,办公建筑可较参照建筑节能4.28%~5.71%,酒店建筑可较参照建筑节能1.38%~15.21%。     

A case study for the evaluation of realistic energy retrofit strategies for public office buildings in the Southern Hemisphere

The building sector offers significant opportunities for reducing the energy consumption with considerable economic, environmental and health benefits. Governments can lead the way by retrofitting existing public buildings to reinforce their commitment to improve energy efficiency. Similar design standards, end-uses and operational profiles are usually established for public buildings based on the services they offer. Retrofitting a public building can therefore serve as an ideal test-bed for energy efficiency measures for other buildings within a particular service category. This study first analysed the current electricity consumption of a public office building in Mauritius, located in the Southern Hemisphere. A complete model of the building was created, validated and then simulated to investigate the impact of realistic retrofit strategies on the electricity consumption. Results showed that lighting retrofit achieved the most significant reduction while measures that improved the thermal envelope of the building resulted in smaller energy savings. The possibility of exploiting solar energy was explored by simulating a 70 kW_p photovoltaic system installed on the roof. An equivalent of 8.5% of the annual electricity consumption of the building could thus be generated. A financial analysis is also presented for all retrofit scenarios in terms of annual return and payback period.     

北京市西城区旧城改造的可行性研究

"节能减排"已成为国家的工作重点,北京市政府相继下发了一系列节能减排的规范来保证这项工作的顺利进行。北京现有旧城平房区房屋的围护结构以实心粘土砖为主,外墙及屋面没有保温措施,居民生活环境恶劣。为了消除旧城平房区的住宅安全隐患和环境脏乱差的局面,有必要对旧城平房区房屋的节能改造及室内环境进行深入研究。笔者通过前期的调研工作,总结得到了西城区旧城平房区房屋围护结构的现状和居民能源消耗情况,在此基础上,采用DeST模拟软件模拟分析了旧城平房区房屋的全年动态能耗,并对模拟结果进行了验证,以期为后期西城区旧城平房区房屋节能改造方案的制定和工程的开展提供理论依据。     

Energy saving effect prediction and post evaluation of air-conditioning system in public buildings

Accurate energy saving effect evaluation analysis of building energy efficiency retrofit is of benefit to obtain technology optimization and fast return of investment. According to the implement sequence, evaluation methods can be divided into post evaluation and prediction evaluation. The energy saving effect of an air-conditioning system retrofit project was analyzed by these two models respectively. The post evaluation model was built based on the spot test data and a parameter called as Refrigeration Operation Energy saving Effect Ratio (ROEER). The prediction evaluation model was built based on Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network by the use of MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox. The comparison result between these two kinds of evaluation models match well with each other. These two models can be used to predict and evaluate energy saving effect of air-conditioning system retrofit to further improve the real energy saving effect of building energy efficiency retrofit.