Addendum II to bibliography of gas-insulated substations

This addendum to the bibliography on gas-insulated substations (ibid., vol.4, no.2, Apr. 1989) updates the bibliography to mid-1991. References are broken down by subject under the broad headings of dielectric, equipment, and general     

Addendum I to bibliography of gas-insulated substations

A 343 item addendum is provided to the bibliography that was published in 1982 (see ibid., vol.PAS-101, no.11, (1982)). It is divided into three main sections, dielectric characteristics, substation equipment, and general points. A list of authors is also included     

High-voltage onsite commissioning tests for gas-insulated substations using UHF partial discharge detection

This paper describes the practical application of the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection method which VA TECH Reyrolle has routinely applied to high-voltage onsite commissioning tests on gas-insulated substations (GISs) for more than 10 yr. The location of the PD sensors has a significant effect on the sensitivity of the UHF method, and research has been undertaken to quantify the parameters which affect this (i.e., attenuation, GIS geometry, etc.). Verifying the correct operation of the detection system and its sensitivity is a crucial step to prepare for a high-voltage (HV) test. In order to do this, special test equipment has been developed to ensure that all of the cabling, connections, etc., attached to the detection equipment are correct and that the detection level of the couplers is confirmed. Finally, the paper discusses IEC 60517 (general guidelines for GIS HV testing), its most usual interpretation, and how the application of the UHF technique can transform this interpretation.     

Condition assessment of contacts in gas-insulated substations

A new method for assessing the condition of electric contacts and joints inside gas-insulated substations (GISs) that overcomes the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods is proposed. The contact resistance in degraded or overstressed electrical contacts varies slightly when currents of different amplitudes are passed. The diagnostic method is based on detecting this nonlinear behavior. For testing of the contacts in large GIS, excitation currents up to several thousand amperes are required. By using a capacitor-based current supply, such currents can be achieved with a portable source. The testing can be carried out without dismantling the GIS. No earlier measurements or manufacturer specifications are required. In full-scale testing under realistic operating conditions on 145-420 kV GIS using prototype instrumentation a very good sensitivity for detecting contact degradation in an early stage was obtained.     

220 kV中心站采用混合式气体绝缘电器

混合式气体绝缘组合电器(HGIS)是应用GIS技术将断路器、隔离开关、互感器及控制系统组合成一体的电器装置,特别适合于城市等用地紧张地区使用,以上海市区某220 kV变电站为例详细介绍了HGIS装置的设计方案、土建设计,以及对环境影响等技术经济的比较分析,可供同类设计示范。     

World applications of gas-insulated modules (GIMs) to HV and EHV substations

Electric power transmission and distribution market changes have forced operators to look for economical, fast-to-implement, environment-friendly and easy-to-maintain high-voltage and extra high-voltage substations. This research has led to the use of gas-insulated modules (GIMs), which integrate several feeder functions in a compact way and are connected to air-insulated busbars, instead of traditional air-insulated or fully gas-insulated solutions. Then, GIM use has been extended to different categories of applications, and to the highest voltages of transmission networks. This paper intends to present, from a general point of view, these different categories of applications, their specific needs and impacts, and the specific solutions proposed for the equipment.     

Reduction of the edge steepness of electromagnetic surges in gas-insulated substations

Contents In this paper a methodology for reducing the edge steepness of electromagnetic surges in gas-insulated substations is presented. The damping of the waves results from the utilization of the skin effect by means of a semiconducting coating of the substation's inner conductor. An analytical calculation of the attenuation factor shows the behaviour of a surge's different frequency portions. FDTD-simulations confirm the flattening of the wave fronts by the damping layer. Finally, a comparison with an uncoated structure shows the advantages of the coating.

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Verminderung der Flankensteilheit elektromagnetischer Sprungwellen in gasisolierten Schaltanlagen

Übersicht Es wird eine Möglichkeit zur Verminderung der Flankensteilheit von elektromagnetischen Wellen in gasisolierten Schaltanlagen vorgestellt. Die Dämpfung der Wellen erfolgt unter Ausnutzen des Skineffekts durch eine halbleitende Beschichtung des Innenleiters der Schaltanlage. Anhand einer analytischen Berechnung des Dämpfungskoeffizienten wird das Verhalten der unterschiedlichen Frequenzanteile der Sprungwellen aufgezeigt. FDTD-Simulationen bestätigen die Abflachung der Wellenstirn durch die Dämpfungsschicht. Abschließend zeigt ein Vergleich mit einer unbeschichteten Anordnung die Vorteile der Beschichtung auf.

     

变压器局部放电超高频检测方法的应用

阐述了电力变压器局部放电超高频检测方法的原理,分析了其抗干扰性能的优越性,并在变电站进行了实际应用。对测量数据进行了分析,结果表明,超高频方法可用于在线检测变压器局部放电,抗干扰性能好,测量结果能反映出变压器绝缘的真实状况。     

自适应遗传算法在变压器局部放电高频模式识别的应用

采用自适应遗传算法(AGA)作为神经网络的学习算法,对实验室中变压器局部放电超高频自动识别系统检测到的5种放电类型进行了模式识别.实验结果表明,AGA神经网络解决了BP神经网络对初始权值敏感、收敛速度慢和容易局部收敛的问题,具有较高的识别率和较强的推广能力,可以很好地应用于变压器局部放电的超高频模式识别中.     

气体绝缘输电线路技术及其应用

气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)是类似GIS(气体绝缘金属封闭组合电器)封闭母线的气体绝缘大容量输电设备,其电气特性与架空线路相似且具有占地空间小等优点。介绍GIL的制造厂家、国际标准、基本结构和安装方式,分析GIL具有的输送容量大、损耗小、对环境影响小、可靠性和安全性高等技术优势,并介绍GIL在国内外的典型应用实例,为其在国内的更广泛应用提供参考。     

变压器油中局部放电信号超高频特性的研究

理论分析表明,局部放电信号所激发的电磁波具有很宽的频谱,它以TEM波的形式向外传播。本文通过实验模拟的方法研究了变压器油中的局部放电脉冲电流波形及所辐射的电磁波特性,实验结果表明,变压器油中的局部放电电流脉冲具有极块的上升沿,能激励起1．5GHz以上的超高频电磁波,它可以通过超高频传感器加以耦合接收,这就为进一步研究超高频检测技术在电力变压器中的应用提供了依据。     

气体绝缘开关设备中局部放电的在线监测技术

本文评述了气体绝缘开关设备（ＧＩＳ）中局部放电的各种在线监测技术的原理特点、适用范围、灵敏度及结果评价等,认为超高频法具有抗干扰能力强、能识别缺陷类型、能对局放源准确定位等优点在ＧＩＳ局部放电在线监测技术中具有很好的应用前景。     

RS-485在变电站中的改进应用

RS-485现今仍然在变电站中得到广泛应用。文章结合变电站RS-485故障检修实例,分析了RS-485T型总线结构的缺陷,提出了其在变电站中的另一种应用形式——星型结构,并阐述该结构在故障抢修中的优势。     

变电站综合自动化技术的最新应用

本文根据目前电力系统变电站实现综合自动化的现状，从设计原则、特点、系统配置及结构、功能、技术指标等方面对变电站综合自动化系统进行了分析和描述，对其在最新工程应用中存在的问题进行了探讨，对今后的发展趋势作了总结，并提出建议。     

变电站二次专业巡视模式的构建与应用

为弥补运行巡视专业性偏弱和二次设备状态检修基础数据缺乏的问题,湖南省电力公司在国网公司系统内率先推行了"二次专业化巡视"制度,并构建了一套涵盖标准制定、现场实施、闭环处理、绩效考核的完整工作模式。为促进落实班组融合和运维一体化的改革要求,积极开展了跟班巡视和多专业的联合巡视,消除专业交叉点的盲区;同时为抓住重点,提高效率,后续推行了差异化巡视,并积极探索开发二次设备的在线监测及自动专业巡检系统。通过二次专业巡视集中发现并处理了大量深层次的设备缺陷和隐患,继电保护正确动作率大幅提升,并为状态检修提供了准确的基础数据。     

变电所综合自动化系统的配置及应用

变电所综合自动化系统是自动化技术、计算机技术和通信技术等高科技在变电所领域的综合应用.近年来,变电所综合自动化技术迅速的发展,并得到了广泛的应用.介绍了其配置及应用.     

未来的固态变电站技术特点及应用展望

固态电力电子技术是FACTS(DFACTS)技术发展进程中具有前瞻性的电力前沿技术,未来的固态变电站是基于新型电力电子器件的固态电力电子技术,通过固态电力电子设备实现灵活控制和操作的变电站.介绍了未来固态变电站的基本组成、技术原理与特点以及国内外固态电力电子技术的研发和应用,提出了跟踪研究应用的建议,以迎接未来输电系统的挑战.     

Development of partial discharge detection method using an autoregressive model in gas-insulated switchgears (GIS)

Gas-insulated switchgears (GIS) are important equipment in electric-supply stations where advanced techniques for safety and maintenance are required. As a result, a system is being developed that can automatically monitor and diagnose a GIS in service. This article focuses on some problems concerning insulating functions of GIS to discuss a method of signal processing for partial discharge detection and position identification. For sensors, potential detectors were installed on flanges of the GIS. Focusing on the potential fluctuations measured by these detectors, an autoregressive model is designed for potential fluctuation in a state without any partial discharge. This model is called a normal state model. The difference was found between potential fluctuations measured during partial discharge and those of the normal state model. The index of whiteness test method of the residual random process is a useful parameter for representing this difference, and the use of this method allowed detection of partial discharge that could not be found at normal potential levels. These results indicate bright prospects for manufacturing a monitoring system that can detect deterioration in GIS insulation with a high sensitivity in an early stage and that also operates on-line.     

Electromagnetic noise spectrum caused by partial discharge in airat high voltage substations

The authors investigated the characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum caused by partial discharges (PDs) in air at three different types of high-voltage substations. From the measured results, they characterized the electromagnetic noise spectrum depending on the type of substation. They also measured the long-term change of the average gain of the noise spectrum and discussed the influence of atmospheric conditions on the results. Moreover, they introduced the “equivalent charge (q_e)” which was derived by converting the electric field strength estimated from the average gain into the charge magnitude of PD. They also proposed a “phase gate control method” for better understanding the electromagnetic noise spectrum characteristics and the mechanism causing electromagnetic waves from PDs     

铜接地网在变电所中的应用

简要介绍了铜接地体的截面及连接方式选择,分析了铜接地网实施的优化措施,结合工程实践,通过铜接地网及扁钢接地网的技术经济比较,表明铜接地网技术先进,可靠性高,经济上可行。