真型多状态GIS局部放电UHF信号源研究*

针对电网公司广泛装配的特高频(UHF)局部放电检测系统无法进行有效性校验问题,以GIS典型缺陷类型下的UHF信号谱图为基础,对不同缺陷类型下不同放电强度的UHF谱图信号分别进行特征提取和优化,并根据该特征对UHF谱图信号进行0~50 V范围内的编码优化,据此设计出了能够模拟多种典型绝缘缺陷下不同放电程度的真型多状态GIS局部放电信号源,并进行了实验测试,测试效果良好。     

基于尺度-能量熵特征对的特高频局部放电辨识方法

对气体绝缘组合电器(GIS)进行局部放电(PD)检测,可以发现GIS内部早期绝缘缺陷和隐患,并预防绝缘事故发生。文中采用复小波分解(CWT)对GIS内部特高频(UHF)PD信号进行多尺度分解,分析了CWT能量熵(CWT-EE)随CWT尺度的变化规律,发现UHF PD信号信息主要分布在能量熵变化梯度较大的尺度下。为此,文中提取CWT-EE及其对应尺度,构建尺度-能量熵(SP-EE)特征对,既保留了PD信号能量特征信息,又保留了UHF PD信号小波尺度信息。最后,采用支持向量机(SVM)进行UHF PD类型辨识,结果表明:SP-EE特征对不但可以有效识别GIS内部4种典型绝缘缺陷,而且能够有效降低UHF PD信号分解层数和PD特征维数。     

用于复小波变换的EWC阈值法抑制周期性窄带干扰

由于气体绝缘组合电器(GIS)的局部放电(PD)特高频检测虽然能够避开大多数窄带干扰,但是,还有部分窄带干扰会进入检测系统,从而湮没PD信号,因此在现场检测时必须加以抑制。根据PD信号与周期性窄带干扰小波变换后的不同特点,剖析了抑制周期性窄带干扰的常用方法--小波系数直接置零法的局限性,提出了可以用于抑制周期性窄带干扰的有效小波系数(EWC)阈值法,并以所构造的db4复小波对仿真信号与实测GIS特高频PD信号进行了对比去噪研究。研究结果表明:基于EWC阈值法的复小波变换能够有效地抑制GIS特高频PD信号中的周期性窄带干扰。     

基于超高频窄带法的GIS局部放电的研究

为了提高GIS运行的可靠性,笔者简要说明了超高频法检测GIS局部放电的原理,并在实验室以一段220 kV电压等级的GIS母线为试验对象,设计和模拟了GIS中典型的4种局部放电模型,并使用自主研发的超高频窄带检测系统对其局部放电信号进行检测。试验结果表明,该超高频窄带系统能有效测量GIS局部放电信号,同时获得了不同类型缺陷所产生的超高频信号及其对应的特征,为今后GIS局部放电模式识别提供了数值依据。     

GIS局部放电特高频在线检测和定位

特高频(UHF)电磁波信号传感用于气体绝缘组合电器(GIS)的局部放电在线检测能够获得很好的抗干扰效果.研究了在GIS体外进行局部放电特高频传感的技术,开发了一种拥有可移动传感器的GIS局部放电在线检测定位仪器,并建立了相应的检测和定位方法.实际测量显示:文中提出的GIS局部放电体外传感方式能够获得满意的检测灵敏度、抗干扰效果和定位精度,所采用的移动式传感器具有一些重要的优点.     

Partial discharge measurement in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range

The paper provides essentially a summary of PD measurements applying the UHF range in order to increase the detection threshold, to improve the localization accuracy and to perform on-line measurements of Partial Discharge (PD) in noisy environments. The electromagnetic UHF technique offers good signal to noise ratios, because external PD signals and disturbances can be shielded effectively. A new developed method allows the localization of PD in gas-insulated substations (GIS) by frequency domain measurements. The basic idea is the displacement law of Fourier transformation. The interference phenomena of superposed signals from two sensors give information about the time delay of the sensor signals. On-site PD measurements are made at cable connectors by means of monopole antennas housed in a barrel sleave, while the cable is in service. Thus a sensitive PD measurement even in noisy environment is possible. PDmeasurements on several 72 kV cable connectors were performed in an unshielded laboratory. On-site measurements during operation showed the great potential for condition assessment. For decoupling sensitive UHF PD signals from the inner of a power transformer tank UHF sensors applied through drain/oil valves are used. Experimental studies indicate that all relevant types of PD possibly occurring within a transformer emit high frequency spectra to be detected with UHF sensors. Furthermore in laboratory experiments and on-site measurements very moderate UHF signal attenuations have been observed.     

GIS局部放电超高频检测法有关问题的仿真研究

气体绝缘组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)中的局部放电在腔体中产生超高频(ultra high frequency,UHF)电磁波信号。为研究GIS局部放电源与UHF信号的关系,利用时域有限差分法计算局部放电产生的UHF信号;通过改变放电源和探头的参数,研究了局部放电产生的UHF信号的特性。仿真分析结果表明:UHF信号的幅值与局部放电脉冲幅值成线性关系;UHF信号与放电源的径向位置、放电通道长度、放电脉冲波形以及放电源与探头的夹角有关。单纯 UHF信号很难解释局部放电量的大小,但UHF信号可在一定程度上反映出GIS的绝缘状态。     

GIS中电磁波传播特性的仿真研究

为研究UHF信号在GIS中的传播特性,采用时域有限差分法进行了仿真建模和计算。GIS内部的局部放电会在腔体中激励超高频(UHF)电磁波信号,UHF法是通过对局部放电时产生的超高频电磁波信号进行检测,获得局部放电信号的有关信息以实现对设备的绝缘状态诊断和评估。UHF法抗干扰能力较强、灵敏度高。仿真结果表明,UHF信号在GIS内传播时呈现明显的时延特性,有利于局放源的定位;UHF信号的强弱和检测点与局放源的夹角Φ有关,Φ=0°和180°时信号的能量最大;局放脉冲越陡,在GIS腔体中激励的高次模波分量越大。     

High-voltage onsite commissioning tests for gas-insulated substations using UHF partial discharge detection

This paper describes the practical application of the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection method which VA TECH Reyrolle has routinely applied to high-voltage onsite commissioning tests on gas-insulated substations (GISs) for more than 10 yr. The location of the PD sensors has a significant effect on the sensitivity of the UHF method, and research has been undertaken to quantify the parameters which affect this (i.e., attenuation, GIS geometry, etc.). Verifying the correct operation of the detection system and its sensitivity is a crucial step to prepare for a high-voltage (HV) test. In order to do this, special test equipment has been developed to ensure that all of the cabling, connections, etc., attached to the detection equipment are correct and that the detection level of the couplers is confirmed. Finally, the paper discusses IEC 60517 (general guidelines for GIS HV testing), its most usual interpretation, and how the application of the UHF technique can transform this interpretation.     

Pattern analysis of partial discharges in SF6 GIS

The measurement of partial discharge(PD) of several faults in gas-insulated system (GIS) is discussed. Phase-resolved PD patterns have been measured using three different PD detection measuring systems: according to the IEC 270 recommendations, a VHF/UHF measuring system with narrow band filtering, and the UHF measuring system with wide band filtering. PD patterns are compared using computer-based discrimination tools. The influence of the selected center frequency on the PD patterns is discussed for the narrow band VHF/UHF measuring system. The influence of the number and type of GIS components between the discharging defect and the capacitive coupler on the shape of the PD patterns is analyzed. For several GIS components the signal reduction is studied. It was found that the shape of PD patterns is independent on the used PD detection circuit and the propagation path of the PD signals. As a result, discrimination and classification of PD distributions of several studied defects are possible using digital tools     

一次GIS避雷器中的局部放电在线检测和故障分析

运用超声波法和特高频法相结合的局部放电检测技术,发现和定位了运行中的220 kV站GIS(全封闭组合电器)避雷器气室内部的局部放电,对放电源的类型进行了详细的分析和判断,确定为浮电位部件放电类型。通过停电解体检查证实了检测和分析诊断结果的准确性,为应用带电测试技术积累了经验。     

有限时域差分法对GIS局部放电传播的分析

用特高频法测量GIS局部放电所面临的困难是无法标定出视在放电量,并且也无法确定何种因素影响特高频传感器输出信号的强弱.针对上述问题,利用同轴波导模拟GIS腔体结构,并应用有限时域差分法对局部放电辐射的电磁波在波导内传播情况进行仿真.通过仿真数据分析,找出对特高频信号能量产生影响的多种因素,如：放电位置,波导尺寸,放电电流幅值和放电源的脉冲形状.从而阐明了特高频输出信号能量与原始放电脉冲的关系,为进一步探讨GIS放电量特高频标定打下基础.     

UHF PD detection in gas-insulated switchgear-suitability andsensitivity of the UHF method in comparison with the IEC 270 method

UHF partial discharge detection in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has advantages over the conventional method. For example, UHF PD detection allows the suppression of high frequency disturbances external to the GIS. UHF PD measurements have been compared with measurements using the conventional IEC 270 method under conditions that approximate service conditions for a range of defects     

联合测试方法在局部放电检测中的应用

气体绝缘组合开关设备（GIS）的局部放电检测方法各有优缺点,选择几种检测方法的联合测试方法,可提高局部放电检测的准确度。介绍了上海市电力公司采用的联合测试方法的具体做法,通过对同时提取GIS局部放电的超高频、超声波、高频电流等信号的对比分析,提高了局部放电的定位精度和缺陷类型识别的准确性。实例验证了联合测试方法有重要工程意义。     

GIS电晕放电监测

采用特高频(UHF)电磁波测量、常规局部放电测试以及相位测试等方法分析模型 GIS中电晕放电特征,为判断电晕放电的强度提供了一种新的方法。通过常规局部放电测试与 UHF特高频局部放电测量结果对比,可估计UHF信号所对应的放电量。     

The excitation of UHF signals by partial discharges in GIS

The fundamental theory of the UHF method for detecting partial discharge (PD) in gas insulated substations (GIS) is presented. The effects of position, size, current amplitude and pulse shape of the PD source on the UHF signal can be predicted using this theory. Excitation of propagating electromagnetic waves by a PD current pulse within the coaxial waveguides formed by GIS components is explained by making use of dyadic Green's functions for the electric fields of propagating modes. Experiments with a coaxial test chamber are used to verify the theoretical predictions, and comparisons are made between measured and simulated UHF signals. Some implications for the UHF measurement of PD are discussed, together with positioning and sensitivity requirements for UHF couplers. A scheme is proposed for standardizing PD measurements made using the UHF technique     

局部放电UHF信号检波及其仿真

介绍了检波原理及其在超高频 (UHF)局放检测中的应用。计算机仿真验证了应用检波技术后使用 2 0MHz采集卡即可采集到UHF局放信号的峰值和相位信息 ,且误差在工程上完全可接受 ,从而大大降低了对采集系统的要求。     

基于超高频检测技术研究GIS中的局部放电

根据气体绝缘的金属封闭式组合电器(GIS)的波导结构及局部放电脉冲所激发的电磁波的宽频带特征,建立了外部天线超高频局部放电检测系统。利用该系统对252kVGIS母线段中相同气压、不同电压超高频下固定微粒局部放电模型进行检测,并借助联合时频分析方法对信号进行处理。结果表明,外部天线超高频局部放电检测系统可以实现GIS局部放电检测,固定微粒局部放电频谱特征明显。     

基于小波分解尺度系数能量最大原则的GIS局部放电超高频信号自适应小波去噪

抑制干扰是GIS局部放电在线监测的关键技术之一。尽管局部放电超高频检测方法能够有效避开低频干扰,但来自测量系统的白噪声仍然为准确测量局部放电带来困难。为有效抑制白噪声,提高局部放电超高频法的测量精度,本文提出一种用于GIS局部放电超高频信号的自适应小波分解去噪算法,该算法基于每层小波分解尺度系数能量最大的原则,逐层自适应选取最优的小波进行分解,并结合Donoho提出的软阈值法进行去噪。对人工绝缘缺陷产生的四种GIS超高频信号的去噪结果证明了该算法较其他小波算法能更好地去除白噪声且去噪后信号波形畸变较小,具有很好的应用前景。     

GIS局部放电超高频电磁波的传播特性研究

SF6气体中的局部放电过程可激发产生超高频电磁波。为研究GIS中超高频电磁波的传播特性,采用时域有限差分法仿真计算GIS中超高频信号的传播特性。仿真计算表明,GIS中局部放电产生电磁波在传播过程中存在延迟现象,有利于局部放电点的定位。因GIS中存在不连续点,超高频信号在传播过程中产生衰减,通过绝缘子时平均衰减3dB,通过T型接头时最严重的支路信号平均衰减10dB,而传播过程中产生的谐振使其衰减变慢。