丙纶表面沉积纳米薄膜的原子力显微镜分析

采用低温磁控溅射技术在丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面沉积铝、氧化锌和聚四氟乙烯纳米薄膜,用原子力显微镜观察纤维基材及三种纳米薄膜沉积在纤维表面的微观结构,为进一步对聚合物纤维材料磁控溅射功能化加工的工艺参数优化调整,以及对沉积材料在纤维表面的结合机理的研究提供理论依据。通过对原子力显微镜图像分析发现,丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面比较平滑,而丙纶长丝的表面则成一定的周期性条纹状结构;低温磁控溅射技术在丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面构建的功能性纳米薄膜随着沉积材料的不同,其在纤维表面的聚集形态不同。铝和氧化锌在纤维表面形成纳米颗粒状结构,而高分子材料聚四氟乙烯则形成纳米条带状形貌。分析和测量了金属颗粒和聚四氟乙烯条带的尺寸。     

涤纶基布磁控溅射铜膜及其电磁屏蔽性能

以不同组织结构的涤纶织物为基材,采用射频磁控溅射技术沉积纳米铜膜,研究织物结构对金属薄膜表面形貌、粗糙度和晶态结构的影响,并测试分析了表面磁控溅射纳米铜膜的涤纶织物电磁屏蔽性能。结果显示,非织造布、纳米纤维膜表面沉积的纳米铜膜颗粒平均粒径及其表面的粗糙度值较大,Cu(111)晶面上结晶度较高;在孔隙率较小且纤维紧密连接的非织造布表面沉积纳米铜膜,其纤维表面形成连续导电网络,表现出优良的屏蔽效果。     

磁控溅射Ag/ZnO纳米薄膜涤纶织物的制备及其性能

为探讨织物结构对表面沉积纳米复合薄膜形貌及性能的影响,采用直流射频共溅法,以不同组织结构纯涤纶织物为基材,分别以金属银(Ag)与锌(Zn)为靶材,制备Ag/ZnO纳米薄膜。对表面沉积Ag/ZnO薄膜的涤纶织物的形貌结构,沉积颜色、防紫外线性能及电磁屏蔽性能进行表征。实验结果表明:非织造布表面薄膜颗粒分布较为均匀,机织布表面纳米颗粒最不平整,针织布表面纳米颗粒粒径较小,并存在部分团簇颗粒;试样表面Ag衍射峰较明显,但ZnO依然以非晶态形式存在;针织布表面沉积Ag/ZnO薄膜后,其明度最小,颜色较暗;以非织造布为基材的试样其防紫外线性能及电磁屏蔽效果最明显。     

涤纶基材表面银/铜薄膜制备及其性能

为探索涤纶基Ag/Cu薄膜结构及性能,采用直流和射频共溅法,以不同组织结构纯涤纶织物为基材,金属银和铜为靶材,制备纳米薄膜。借助场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、光电子能谱仪、织物感应式静电仪、纺织品防紫外线性能测试仪和电磁防辐射性能测试仪对试样表面薄膜形貌及结构、抗静电、防紫外线、电磁屏蔽性能进行表征。结果表明:非织造布表面薄膜均匀连续,机织布表面纳米颗粒直径较小,针织布表面颗粒分布较为连续,但仍然存在部分岛状颗粒;试样表面Cu(111)、Cu(200)、Ag(111)和Ag(200)衍射峰均不明显,结晶度低;纳米薄膜没有被氧化,以单质形式存在;以非织造布为基材的试样其抗静电、抗紫外线、电磁屏蔽性能最优,针织布最差。     

纳米AZO膜的制备及其光电性能

为开发光电纳米结构功能纺织品,采用磁控溅射技术在丙纶非织造布上制备掺铝氧化锌（AZO）薄膜,并对AZO膜进行原子力显微镜（AFM）表征,分析不同工艺参数对AZO薄膜结构的影响以及AZO的导电性能和抗紫外线性能的影响。结果表明：颗粒直径增大随着压强增大,当压强增大到一定后,颗粒直径逐渐变小;颗粒直径随着功率增加而增大,但继续增加,薄膜的均匀性将变差,表面变得粗糙,但导电性能提高;溅射时间的延长能改善薄膜的均匀性和致密性。在溅射压强为0.5 Pa, 溅射功率为120W,溅射时间为60min时,AZO薄膜的均匀性和致密性最好,制备的AZO薄膜具有优良导电性能,同时对紫外线的吸收能力较好。     

PET基纳米结构Ag薄膜结构及导电性能

在室温条件下,采用磁控溅射法在PET纺粘非织造布上制备了50 nm厚的纳米结构Ag薄膜,用原子力显微镜(AFM)分析溅射真空室压强对纳米结构Ag薄膜结晶状态、粒径的影响;研究了溅射工艺参数与薄膜导电性能之间的关系。实验结果表明:溅射速率随着压强的增大先增大后减小;薄膜方块电阻的变化规律和溅射速率的变化规律一致;薄膜颗粒直径随着压强的增大先增大后减小,但在压强大于1.5 Pa时,薄膜颗粒直径随压强变化未呈现明显的变化规律。     

非织造布表面沉积ZnO薄膜的AFM和透光性分析

运用射频磁控溅射在非织造布基材上生长ZnO纳米结构薄膜。用原子力显微镜(AFM)分析了射频磁控溅射工艺参数(功率、压力、时间)对ZnO透明薄膜微结构的影响,并用分光光度计分析了样品的透光率。结果表明:随着沉积时间的延长,非织造布表面ZnO纳米结构薄膜的致密性、均匀性越来越好;较高的溅射功率加速了晶粒生长,但不易太大;过大的工作气压使ZnO颗粒形状逐渐变差;经ZnO镀层处理的非织造布对紫外光的吸收能力随着镀膜厚度的增加逐渐增强。     

非织造布表面光电功能纳米结构材料的开发

纳米技术在纺织上有着许多重要的应用。文章阐述了纳米、纳米结构、纳米功能薄膜材料等概念，重点评述了纳米金属氧化物光电功能薄膜、非织造布表面功能化材料的研究现状，提出了运用低温等离子磁控溅射表面沉积技术在非织造布表面构建光电功能纳米结构材料的设想，并展望了它的前景。     

丝素蛋白纳米纤维非织造布及其在组织工程中的应用研究

丝素蛋白水溶液经过静电纺丝制得纳米纤维非织造布,经甲醇浸渍后,对其结构形态和力学性能进行了对比研究;以甲醇浸渍后的丝素蛋白纳米纤维非织造布作为生物工程支架材料,体外接种内皮细胞,研究了细胞在材料表面的粘附和增殖情况,并对材料在生物工程领域的应用进行了探讨。     

氧化石墨烯对丙纶非织造布抗静电改性研究

采用氧化石墨烯对丙纶非织造布进行抗静电改性。利用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对氧化石墨烯和抗静电改性前后的丙纶非织造布的表面形态进行表征,并测试改性前后丙纶非织造布的抗静电性能及力学性能。结果表明:氧化石墨烯边缘带有褶皱结构;改性后丙纶非织造布纤维表面出现了沟槽和凹坑,氧化石墨烯附着在丙纶非织造布纤维表面;经氧化石墨烯改性的丙纶非织造布的抗静电性能和力学性能均得到较大的提高;且当氧化石墨烯的质量分数为1.2%时,改性后丙纶非织造布的综合性能达到最好。     

形状记忆聚氨酯在非织造织物中的应用

应用涂层工艺,将不同浓度的形状记忆聚氨酯涂覆到非织造织物上,制得具有不同聚氨酯含量的形状记忆聚氨酯非织造织物材料,并对处理前后非织造织物的表面结构、形状回复性、折皱回复性、透气透湿性、强伸力等性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:经形状记忆聚氨酯处理后的非织造织物具有很好的形状记忆功能,提高了非织造织物的抗皱性能;当聚氨酯含量较少时,对形状记忆聚氨酯非织造织物的透湿性没有显著影响,但透气性有明显下降。     

非织造布阻燃背涂整理在实际生产中的应用探讨

本文采用阻燃涂层胶CF221HF1对一种产业用纺织品面料进行了背涂整理,然后系统地对该面料涂层后的阻燃、抗老化、耐水洗、抗剥离强度以及黄变程度等性能指标进行了研究。并与其它的阻燃涂层胶进行了对比,发现经CF221HF1涂层胶处理的产业用纺织品面料具有良好的阻燃、抗老化、水洗牢度、手感以及黄变程度较小等性能。     

High flux filtration medium based on nanofibrous substrate with hydrophilic nanocomposite coating

A novel high flux filtration medium, consisting of a three-tier composite structure, i.e., a nonporous hydrophilic nanocomposite coating top layer, an electrospun nanofibrous substrate midlayer, and a conventional nonwoven microfibrous support, was demonstrated for oil/water emulsion separations for the first time. The nanofibrous substrate was prepared by electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) followed by chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) in acetone. The resulting cross-linked PVA substrates showed excellent water resistance and good mechanical properties. The top coating was based on a nanocomposite layer containing hydrophilic polyether-b-polyamide copolymer or a cross-linked PVA hydrogel incorporated with surface-oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations indicated that the nanocomposite layer was nonporous within the instrumental resolution and MWNTs were well dispersed in the polymer matrix. Oil/ water emulsion tests showed that this unique type of filtration media exhibited a high flux rate (up to 330 L/m2-h at the feed pressure of 100 psi) and an excellent total organic solute rejection rate (99.8%) without appreciable fouling. The increase in the concentration of surface-oxidized MWNT in the coating layer generally improves the flux rate, which can be attributed to the generation of more effective hydrophilic nanochannels for water passage in the composite membranes.     

紫外光固化技术对聚丙烯非织造布的亲水改性

为扩大聚丙烯非织造布在水处理领域的应用,采用丙烯酸树脂为预聚物,聚乙二醇（400）二丙烯酸酯（PEG（400）DA）为亲水单体,1?羟基环己基苯甲酮（184）为光引发剂,乙酸乙酯为溶剂,通过紫外光（UV）引发自由基聚合法进行聚丙烯（PP）非织造布的亲水改性。分别研究了预聚物、亲水单体和光引发剂的质量分数对改性ＰＰ非织造布亲水性能的影响。结果表明,当丙烯酸树脂、PEG（400）DA 和184 的质量分数分别为7%、13%、1% 时,改性ＰＰ 非织造布亲水性达到最佳,且具有良好的亲水持久性。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果显示,亲水改性剂牢固地包覆在PP纤维表面。亲水改性的PP非织造布具有较好的抗污染性能和耐酸碱性能。     

非织造布与非织造布粘合衬

在回顾了非织造布及粘合衬发展进程的同时,指出非织造布作为粘合衬基布因其加工手段的多样化,具有广泛的应用前景,并且阐述了各种热熔胶、涂层工艺及设备的适用范围.     

Effects of an innovative dipping treatment on the cold storage of minimally processed Annurca apples

The effect of trehalose as an edible coating on minimally processed Annurca apple slices was studied during cold storage. The edible coating was prepared by dipping the fruit in a solution containing trehalose at 0.8%, sucrose at 1.0% and sodium chloride at 0.1%. During storage at 6 °C the following parameters were monitored: weight loss, colour (hue angle (h°) and whitening index (WI)), firmness, malic and ascorbic acids, polyphenol content, microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microbial count. The results showed that such a coating reduced the browning phenomena; in fact the WI and h° values were significantly lower in coated samples than untreated ones. Moreover, decreases in weight loss and in the reduction of organic acids were observed in coated samples. Electron microscopy slides of the cut tissue showed how the coating worked.     

磁控溅射工艺参数对钛金属镀膜涤纶织物耐磨性的研究

为了研究磁控溅射镀膜工艺参数对镀膜织物耐磨性的影响,以涤纶织物为基材,采用磁控溅射工艺,在不同镀膜时间、不同镀膜压强、不同镀膜功率下对涤纶织物进行镀钛,然后对镀膜织物进行摩擦处理,通过显微镜观察,分析镀膜工艺参数对耐磨性的影响.实验研究表明,镀膜织物的耐磨性与摩擦次数的有关,摩擦次数越多,镀膜织物耐磨性越强.随着镀膜时...     

Effect of chitosan coating on maintenance of aril quality,microbial population and PPO activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Tarom) at cold storage temperature

BACKGROUND: Chitosan edible coating was used in an attempt to extend the storage life of pomegranate arils during 12 days at 4 °C. Prior to storage, treated arils were dipped in 0.25, 0.5 and 1% (w/v) chitosan aqueous solutions and 1% (v/v) acetic acid for 1 min, while control arils were dipped in distilled water with 1% (v/v) acetic acid. RESULTS: Chitosan coating inhibited bacterial and fungal growth on the surface of arils. The water content of arils coated with 0.5 and 1% chitosan was maintained during 12 days of storage. Chitosan reduced the increase in total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) of arils during storage. The lowest TSS and TA were detected in arils coated with 0.5 and 1% chitosan, which maintained the highest TSS/TA ratio after 12 days of storage. In contrast, application of chitosan delayed the decrease in total phenolics, total anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity during storage. The results also showed that chitosan coating suppressed the monophenolase activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) with pyrogallol substrate and the diphenolase activity of PPO with dopamine hydrochloride substrate, but the diphenolase activity of PPO with pyrocatechol substrate increased during storage. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that chitosan coating has the potential to extend the storage life of pomegranate arils by reducing the microbial population on their surface. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Water and Oil Resistance of Special Paperboard for Petroleum Packaging

The influence of different coating formulas and times on the water and oil resistance of paperboard was studied.The water and oil resistance of paperboard coated with a modified butadiene-styrene copolymer latex and fluorinated anion grease-proof agent was better than that coated with modified butadiene-styrene copolymer latex,where the modified butadiene-styrene copolymer latex was used as the pre-coating substrate and the F1516 fluorinated grease-proof agent was used as the top coating material.By coating modified butadiene-styrene copolymer latex with 30％ solid content and F1516 fluorinated grease-proof agent with 24％ solid content,the oil resistance of paperboard could reach anti-oil grade 12 and the water resistance could increased by 98.64％ (compared with the base paperboard without any coating treatment).