Design of Large Scale MU-MIMO System with Joint Precoding and Detection Schemes for Beyond 5G Wireless Networks

The large scale multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) is one of the promising communication technology for 5G wireless networks as it offers reliability, high spectral efficiency and high throughput. The lattice reduction (LR) precoding based user level local likelihood ascent search (ULAS) detection scheme is proposed in this paper for efficient signal detection in large scale MU-MIMO system. The initial solution of ULAS algorithm is obtained from the LR precoding assisted zero forcing detector. The LR precoding transforms the non-orthogonal channel matrix into nearly orthogonal channel, which helps to mitigate inter antenna interference (IAI) exists at each user. The remaining multiuser interference (MUI) imposed to each user from undesired users is cancelled by the proposed ULAS multiuser detection scheme. Thus, the proposed LR precoding assisted ULAS mitigates both IAI and MUI unlike the classical detector, those try to moderate either IAI or MUI. By contrast, the proposed ULAS detector provides performance close to optimal maximum likelihood detector with just a fraction of its complexity.

     

Design of Multiuser Downlink Linear MIMO Precoding Systems With Quantized Feedback

We treat the problem of sum-rate maximization via scheduling and linear precoding in multiuser (MU) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) systems with quantized feedback. We formulate the optimal quantized linear precoder design problem and provide the numerical procedure for finding the solution. We also provide a simple scheduling scheme that exploits the MU diversity gain. With the aim of sum-rate maximization, we further address the quantization codebook design based on the capacity measure by introducing a new distance metric. It is demonstrated that, with or without scheduling, the proposed optimal linear precoding scheme achieves significant gain over the conventional linear precoder designs with similar feedback overhead, such as the zero-forcing precoder. Moreover, although the proposed quantization codebook design improves the performance of other existing MU-MIMO precoding schemes, the performance gain offered by it is typically much higher when it is coupled with the proposed linear precoding design.      

大规模MU-MIMO系统归一化预编码算法

针对大规模MU-MIMO系统中预编码技术性能不佳的问题,在不完善信道状态信息(CSI)的情况下,对迫零(ZF)和最大比发射(MRT)预编码技术提出了两种归一化算法：向量归一化与矩阵归一化。首先基站通过上行导频序列估计CSI,并在下行链路中用所提的算法对预编码矩阵进行归一化处理,然后将其与发送信号以及信道进行匹配。仿真结果表明,在高信噪比时,ZF预编码使用向量归一化算法实现了更好的系统性能;而在低信噪比时,MRT预编码使用矩阵归一化算法使系统性能得到了良好改善。     

基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统

该文提出了一种基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码下行多用户MIMO系统。该方案根据用户反馈的信道信息SINR在发送端进行调度和预编码来提高系统容量。预编码的码本设计依据格拉斯曼空间装箱原理,并将码本中的向量按其相关性构成非酉矩阵来提高预编码增益和抑制多用户共道干扰。新方案反馈量少、复杂度低,在相同情况下比传统的单用户MIMO系统和基于码本的酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统都具有更好的性能。     

Cellular Downlink Performance with Covariance-CSIT-Based MIMO Precoding

The nature of the trade-off between reduced overhead of channel state information (CSI) and resultant performance losses influences the design of frequency-division duplexed practical cellular systems. One candidate for CSI feedback reduction is the use of covariance-matrix-based CSI at the transmitter (CSIT) in conjunction with linear precoding techniques. This paper analyzes the performance of such systems in the downlink for both single-user (SU-) and multiuser (MU-) multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) in comparison to those using optimal perfect-instantaneous-CSIT-based precoding. In addition, the effectiveness of techniques enforcing frequency domain diversity versus those based on the maximal ergodic channel capacity criterion is evaluated. A novel precoding scheme using covariance matrix information that supports spatial multiplexing in both SU- and MU-MIMO is proposed. Simulation results show that the spectral efficiency loss from covariance-CSIT-based techniques from those utilizing perfect, instantaneous CSIT is shown to be about 1 dB in a highly correlated urban channel environment for both SU- and MU-MIMO, whereas for microcell environments it is between 3 and 4 dB.     

Downlink SINR Distribution of Linearly Precoded Multiuser MIMO Systems

This paper derives mathematical expressions for the SINR distribution in systems with linearly precoded multiuser MIMO and frequency domain packet scheduling. The packet scheduler is able to exploit the available multiuser diversity in both time, frequency and spatial domains. Our analysis model is confined to 3GPP downlink transmission in which we specifically investigate the single user (SU) and multi-user (MU) spatial division multiplexing (SDM) MIMO schemes. From the analytical results we find that the outage probability for systems using the SU-MIMO scheme is larger than the one for the MU-MIMO scheme. Also, in comparison to systems without precoding, linear precoding can improve the outage probability.     

Low Complexity Suboptimal User Selection Algorithm for Multiuser MIMO Systems with Block Diagonalization

In downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems, block diagonalization (BD) is a well-kown precoding technique that eliminates interuser interference. The number of simultaneously supportable users with BD is limited by the number of base station transmit antennas and the number of user receive antennas. The brute-force search for the optimal user set, however, is computationally prohibitive. Therefore, we propose a low complexity and suboptimal user selection algorithm based on block diagonalization for MU-MIMO systems. We introduce a strong tight upper bound of sum capacity as selection metric. Furthermore, we employ a substitution operation to improve system performance. The computational complexity analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable throughput with low complexity compared to the existing algorithms.     

基于非理想CSI的下行MU-MIMO鲁棒波束成形

在下行多用户多入多出（MU-MIMO）系统中,基站（BS）所获得的非理想信道状态信息（CSI）会导致频分双工（FDD）系统预编码性能变差.现有的MU-MIMO鲁棒预编码算法虽然可以对抗非理想CSI所导致的系统性能损失,但其只考虑其中一种或两种信道误差的鲁棒性,因此系统性能提升有限.本文通过建立包含信道估计误差、量化误差和延时误差的联合信道误差模型,推导出具有集中式特性的基于最小均方误差（MMSE）的鲁棒波束成形矩阵的闭式解;随后将这种信道条件应用到分布式通信系统,并推导出具有分布式特性的基于信号泄露的MMSE的鲁棒波束成形矩阵的闭式解.数值分析表明,本文所提的集中式和分布式MU-MIMO波束成形算法,与只考虑量化误差的鲁棒MMSE算法相比,具有更优的系统和速率与误码率,补偿了上述三种信道误差所导致的预编码性能损失.     

Joint interference alignment precoding based on the optimization algorithm on the Grassmannian manifold

To solve the interference problem between users of the multiuser MIMO system, we first transform the system sum rate maximization problem into joint optimization of interference signal power and useful signal power. On this basis, we propose a weighted interference alignment objective function, causing the system to obtain a higher sum rate by adjusting the weight with different signal-to-noise ratios. Then, we model the transmit subspace and the interference subspace on the Grassmannian manifold and propose joint interference alignment precoding based on the Grassmannian conjugacy gradient algorithm (GCGA-JIAP algorithm). In contrast to conventional interference alignment algorithms, our proposed algorithm can reduce the computational cost by transforming the constrained optimization of the complex Euclidean space into unconstrained optimization with the degenerate dimension on the Grassmannian manifold. Computer simulation shows that the proposed algorithm improves the convergence of the iterative optimization of the transmitter precoding matrix and the receiver postprocessing matrix and also improves the sum rate performance of the multiuser MIMO interference system.     

一种改进的信号泄露噪声比多用户预编码算法

时分复用(TDD)系统通过信道互异性可以在发送端得到下行信道矩阵。由于上下行信道存在着处理延时,时变信道下,延时带来的信道误差会降低多用户MIMO预编码的系统性能。信道预测在某些情况下能够较好地改善信道误差,但预测误差又会给系统性能带来损失。该文针对预测误差带来的性能损失,提出了一种基于预测误差改进的预编码算法。改进算法根据预测误差的方差对预编码向量进行修正,能够进一步提高系统误码率性能。仿真结果表明,在高车速情况下,该算法比传统的预测预编码算法能带来更大的性能增益。     

Novel Turbo Receiver for MU-MIMO SC-FDMA System

Single carrier-frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has been adopted as the uplink transmission standard in fourth-generation cellular networks to facilitate power efficiency transmission in mobile stations. Because multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) is a promising technology employed to fully exploit the channel capacity in mobile radio networks, this study investigates the uplink transmission of MU-MIMO SC-FDMA systems with orthogonal space-frequency block codes (SFBCs). It is preferable to minimize the length of the cyclic prefix (CP). In this study, the chained turbo equalization technique with chained turbo estimation is employed in the designed receiver. Chained turbo estimation employs a short training sequence to improve the spectrum efficiency without compromising the estimation accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel and spectrally efficient iterative joint-channel estimation, multiuser detection, and turbo equalization for an MU-MIMO SC-FDMA system without CP-insertion and with short TR. Some simulation examples are presented for the uplink scenario to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Transmit antenna selection for partial linear precoding MIMO schemes

A novel transmit antenna selection technique is proposed, specifically designed to maximise the benefit of partial precoding on narrowband downlink multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems employing antenna redundancy. The partial precoding utilises the constructive part of the existing interference between the MIMO sub-channels by applying partial sub-channel orthogonalisation and thus improves the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver. In addition, a customised antenna selection criterion is employed at the transmitter, that maximises the constructive interference among the active antennas and optimises the benefits of partial precoding.     

A linear precoding strategy based on particle swarm optimization in multicell cooperative transmission

An optimal linear precoding scheme based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which aims to maximize the system capacity of the cooperative transmission in the downlink channel, is proposed for a multicell multiuser single input single output system. With such a scheme, the optimal precoding vector could be easily searched for each user according to a simplified objective function. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain larger average spectrum efficiency and a better Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm.     

Quantized Principal Component Selection Precoding for Spatial Multiplexing with Limited Feedback

In this paper, for spatial multiplexing with limited feedback, a quantized principal component selection (QPCS) precoding scheme is proposed that achieves comparable capacity to the closed-loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and furthermore adapts to various fading channel conditions without any additional feedback bits and transmit channel state information (CSI). We propose a systematic design method for a codebook consisting of a finite number of unitary matrices based on a maximizing minimum distance criterion in the one- dimensional angular domain and show that the method outperforms the Grassmannian subspace packing method in various fading channel conditions. The proposed QPCS precoding scheme allows for adjustment of the precoding matrix based on limited feedback information on the principal vectors approximating a MIMO channel in the angular domain according to various channel conditions. Furthermore, for practical implementation of the QPCS precoding scheme, we propose a structured precoder optimization procedure and show that the proposed procedure induces a negligible capacity loss compared with the exhaustive precoder optimization, even with considerably reduced complexity.     

基于SLNR准则的MU-MIMO下行链路的预编码与用户调度

在多用户MIMO（MU-MIMO）系统的下行链路中,为了降低用户端的处理复杂度,发射端预编码的设计对多用户MIMO系统的性能非常重要,基于信漏噪比（SLNR）准则的预编码技术由于同时考虑了共信道干扰（CCI）和噪声,提高了系统的性能,但基站同时服务的用户有限,基于信漏噪比最大的用户调度能够合理地选择用户,提高了多用户分级增益,使系统获得更高的系统容量和系统性能。仿真结果表明,基于SLNR准则的多用户预编码在系统容量和误码率方面要优于单一考虑CCI的迫零预编码（ZF）和单一考虑噪声的最大化每个用户接收到信号的信噪比预编码（MRT）。在采用SLNR预编码的条件下,信漏噪比最大的用户调度系统性比轮询调度和最大信道增益调度好,并且随着待选用户数的增多,不会给系统的调度策略带来很大的影响。     

A space-time trellis coding scheme for vector Gaussian broadcast channels

In this letter, a multiuser space-time trellis coding (MU-STTC) scheme is proposed for MIMO vector Gaussian broadcast channels (VGBC). For the system with two transmit antennas and two users with one receive antenna each, the proposed scheme decomposes the system into two subsystems, each of which is equivalent to a system with two transmit and one receive antenna with known interference. A novel precoding scheme is developed to eliminate such interference. The proposed scheme enables to incorporate space time trellis coding and adaptive weighting into the system to provide a significant coding and weighting gain. Simulation results confirm its good performance.     

3D MIMO系统下水平和垂直维联合预编码的研究

第五代(5G)移动通信网络将会在很大程度上提高无线通信的速率。由于多入多出系统(MIMO)能够满足5G网络中对信息速率越来越高的要求,现在正受到广泛的关注。然而,传统意义的二维(2D)MIMO技术仅仅能控制水平维的波束。为了满足5G的需求,需要引入能同时考虑水平维和垂直维波束的三维(3D)MIMO技术。本文基于3D MIMO信道模型,在分析3D MIMO信道相关性的基础上,针对发射相关和接收相关矩阵在水平维和垂直维的分解,提出了一种利用3D MIMO信道相关性的有限反馈预编码方案。并在此基础上,结合2D MIMO信道下的DFT码本和Grassmannian码本,提出了两种新的3D MIMO信道下的码本。实验结果表明,提出的3D MIMO预编码方案整体性能优于传统2D MIMO和现有的3D MIMO预编码方案。在3D MIMO系统中,由于可以动态调节天线的下倾角,故充分发掘了空间三维自由度。3D MIMO预编码技术减小小区间干扰,增加了系统容量,有效地提高了整个通信系统的性能。      

Efficient QR-Based Multi-Mode Precoding for Limited Feedback Multi-User MIMO Systems

This paper proposes QR-based criteria for efficient selection of multi-mode precoders in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) precoded systems with a limited feedback. In particular, a MU-MIMO QR based precoding scheme is developed which takes advantage of the overall precoder design among users in conjunction with QR detection. A selection criterion is developed to identify the precoder that yields the maximum free distance. Efficient mode selection and tree search strategies are adopted to reduce the complexity associated with the identification of the optimum precoder. To further improve the detection performance in correlated channels, an efficient QR-based MMSE V-BLAST detector is proposed. Computer simulations confirm that the proposed QR-based precoding scheme attains the performance of existing schemes with a significantly lower complexity level.     

基于天线选择技术的大规模下行MU-MIMO系统能效分析

为了提高大规模多用户多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)下行系统的能效,提出了一种基于发送天线选择技术的能效优化机制。首先建立了同时考虑发送功率与电路功耗的新的系统功耗模型,并基于该模型,分析了基站配置天线数目与所有接收终端用户数目对系统总功耗及能效的影响。然后通过理论推导得到了系统能效最优时的最优天线选择数目,并与使用全部天线时的系统能效进行比较。仿真结果表明,所提出的发送天线选择机制通过优化激活部分基站天线能够明显提高系统能效。在用户数为10、发送功率分别为40 W和10 W时,与使用全部天线相比,天线选择技术能够分别使得系统能效获得大约12%和78%的性能增益。     

Multimode basis selection for spatial multiplexing with limited feedback

Proposed is multimode basis selection in which the active bases are selected at the receiver from the common unitary basis set known at both receiving and transmitting ends, conveyed to the transmitter using limited feedback, and assembled into a precoding matrix at the transmitter. It is shown that the proposed multimode basis selection scheme outperforms both multimode antenna selection and Grassmannian multimode precoding in capacity in correlated fading channels without additional complexity and feedback.