TCP/IPoverATM的性能研究

 本文讨论将传统的TCP拥塞控制机制和CIPOA用于采用ER(FB)算法和EFCI(CCR)算法的ATM网络时可用比特率业务(ABR)和未确定比特率业务(UBR)的性能.仿真结果表明,无论在缓冲区的需求、带宽分配的公平性、吞吐量和链路利用率方面ABR业务的TCP性能均明显优于UBR业务.对于较简单的网络模型ER(FB)算法的TCP性能优于EFCI(CCR)算法,更优于传统的EFCI算法.     

TCP/IP在ATM网络中的性能分析和优化

分析了造成ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ在ＡＴＭ上性能低的原因,以提高链路利用率和吞吐量为目的对ＴＣＰ协议进行了改进,提出了两种解决方法：反馈重传策略和分组级的流量成形,来提高ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ在ＡＴＭ网络上的性能。     

TCP over ATM的拥塞控制研究进展

指出了ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ在ＡＴＭ网络中运用遇到的困难,综述了ＴＣＰ拥塞控制方案与ＡＴＭ层拥塞控制策略的进展,概述了ＴＣＰｏｖｅｒＡＴＭ研究的现状,指出了为的工作方向。     

The dual flow control problem of TCP over ATM ABR services

In this paper, we investigate the dual control problem—TCP flow control at the TCP layer and ABR flow control at the ATM layer. First, we observe that TCP flow control and ABR flow control cannot co‐operate well. The worst case is that the slow start after packet loss causes high but unused ACR (Allowed Cell Rate) which raises the potential of cell loss and an underflowed switch queue which reduces ABR throughput. We suggest to implement a use‐it‐or‐lose‐it policy for ABR and fast recovery for TCP to avoid these phenomena. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

TCP在无线ATM环境下的性能分析

本文对无线ATM网络环境下的TCP性能进行了分析.首先,对TCP的吞吐量效率进行了理论分析,并根据广域网流量分布的特点,选取几个典型的TCP报文段长,得到了TCP吞吐量效率与误信元率的关系.然后,通过在OPNET平台上进行仿真,证明了理论分析的合理性,并得出了结论.进一步地,对TCP最佳报文段长与误信元率的关系进行了分析,提出应根据误信元率情况调整传输控制协议报文段长,从而获得最大的吞吐量效率.     

ABR和UBR业务模型的TCP接入分析

ＡＢＲ和ＵＢＲ业务是ＡＴＭ中新定义的业务类型，主要面向数据传输服务。ＴＣＰ是目前最为流行的数据输协议，采用基于窗口的拥塞控制机制。本文主要讨论了ＴＣＰ接入ＡＢＲ和ＵＢＲ业务时所呈观的一些特点及ＡＴＭ交换机缓存的大小对ＴＣＰ性能的影响。     

Use of TCP Decoupling in Improving TCP Performance over Wireless Networks

We propose using the TCP decoupling approach to improve a TCP connection's goodput over wireless networks. The performance improvement can be analytically shown to be proportional to , where MTU is the maximum transmission unit of participating wireless links and HP_Sz is the size of a packet containing only a TCP/IP header. For example, on a WaveLAN [32] wireless network, where MTU is 1500 bytes and HP_Sz is 40 bytes, the achieved goodput improvement is about 350%. We present experimental results demonstrating that TCP decoupling outperforms TCP reno and TCP SACK. These results confirm the analysis of performance improvement.     

TCP在WLAN中的性能提高与分析

IEEE 802.11被用于支持无线以太网(WLAN)中的分组传输.分布式协调功能(DCF)是IEEE 802.11的MAC协议的基本方式.为提高传输控制协议(TCP)在WLAN上的性能,本文提出了DCF+,并引入了分析模型对DCF及DCF+在WLAN上的吞吐量性能进行分析.建模及仿真结果表明本文提出的DCF+可以提高TCP在WLAN上的性能.     

卫星链路TCP传输性能分析

TCP协议作为TCP／IP协议栈的主要传输协议，其在网络中的传输效率高低是影响IP网络传输性能的关健因素之一。当网络中存在卫星链路时，由于卫星链路的一些固有特性使得IP的传输性能受到了一定的影响。本文对于TCP协议在卫星网中的传输性能问题进行了分析，指出了IP协议在卫星网中应用时存在的问题。介绍与分析了一些相应的解决方法。     

Analysis of TCP Performance over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks have attracted attention lately as a means of providing continuous network connectivity to mobile computing devices regardless of physical location. Recent research has focused primarily on the routing protocols needed in such an environment. In this paper, we investigate the effects that link breakage due to mobility has on TCP performance. Through simulation, we show that TCP throughput drops significantly when nodes move, due to TCP's inability to recognize the difference between link failure and congestion. We also analyze specific examples, such as a situation where throughput is zero for a particular connection. We introduce a new metric, expected throughput, for the comparison of throughput in multi-hop networks, and then use this metric to show how the use of explicit link failure notification (ELFN) techniques can significantly improve TCP performance.     

区分服务结构及其TCP性能分析

本文首先对区分服务(DiffServ)结构中的边缘路由器和核心路由器机制进行了系统的分类研究,分析并比较了各种机制.接着,对区分服务结构中TCP的性能问题进行了研究,总结了国内外对这一问题的仿真、解析模型分析和实验研究的成果.找出了关键的问题所在,并根据我们的研究成果提出了一些区分服务结构本身的改进建议.     

ATM中突发业务的缓存性能分析

主要讨论突发业务情况下的ATM缓存的排队性能.首先采用状态转移概率进行模型分析,然后再给出信元丢失率和信元延时的分布.     

ATM Inverse Multiplexing. Fundamentals and Markovian Single-Server Queue Analysis for Performance Evaluation and Validation Purposes

The growing demand of network bandwidth indicates that user access to high speed (i.e. ATM) networks is a key issue. The Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) is a technology that combines multiple T1/E1 links to support the transparent transmission of ATM cells over one single logical data trunk whose bandwidth is the aggregate of the T1/E1 capacities, minus a small amount due to overhead. That is, it provides high bandwidth by using already deployed WAN infrastructure and at a reasonable cost. Employing this technology, it is possible to dispose of ATM connections with data rates between the T1/E1 (an economical but sometimes too slow option) and T3/E3 ones (with high bandwidth, but expensive for the mass market of users). In this framework, and facing a new technology, it is crucial to have tools (analytical and simulation ones) easy to manipulate that help telecommunication engineers and network planners on the performance evaluation and dimensioning of these systems. In this paper, the fundamentals and major applications of IMA technology are described. Also, the behavior of IMA multiplexers is carefully analyzed and a method to dimension them proposed. An estimate for the Cell Loss Ratio (CLR) and the mean waiting time measured in the IMUX devices are obtained. The analytical study is based on the comparison with a M/D/1 queue system. Even though, we are aware of some weakness of our assumptions, especially concerning the Poisson input traffic, the model is compact, easy to understand and to manipulate, therefore it can be valuable to validate simulation models developed to evaluate IMUX devices under more realistic input traffic patterns.     

Performance Evaluation of a Logical Link Control Protocol for an ATM Air Interface

The paper deals with error control proceduresbased on repetitions necessary for an ATM air interface,which enables a full integration of wireless (W) ATMterminals into a fixed ATM network. The architecture and functionality of an additional LLC layer atthe air interface are explained. A set of ARQ protocolsfor the different ATM service classes is investigated.The protocol for VBR services is able to control the number of retransmissions depending on therequirements on maximum delay and residual cell lossratio. It also takes into account instantaneousconditions such as channel load from other sources.Furthermore, the protocol is able to discard ATM cells toavoid and resolve congestion. The performance of theprotocol has been evaluated by simulations.     

Evaluation and comparison of cell loss and delay models for ATM multiplexers

Among several models that are available to represent the aggregate cell flow generated by on–off sources at an ATM multiplexer (either at an access or a switching node), the Interrupted Bernoulli Process (IBP) is characterized by particular simplicity and analytical tractability. The superposition of sources individually modeled as an IBP, whose cells enter a common buffer, is considered in this paper. The main goal is to compute approximations of two basic Quality of Service (QoS) indicators, namely, cell loss rate, whose analytical computation has been already presented in previous works, and the rate of cells exceeding a specified delay, whose presentation constitutes the theoretical novelty of the paper. Analytical expressions of these two quantities are given for homogeneous sources, i.e., possessing the same statistical parameters and QoS requirements. The analytical formulation is carefully evaluated by comparing the results obtained with others presented in the literature and with simulation results; in the latter, the actual cell arrival process is generated by means of a Markov Modulated Deterministic Process (MMDP) model of the on–off sources. Several comparisons are performed for different offered loads and by varying the buffer length, which show the effectiveness and the limits of the technique under investigation.     

基于TDMA卫星通信系统的TCP增强技术研究

时分多址(TDMA)卫星通信系统具有组网灵活、能够有效地利用卫星资源、支持各类综合业务的接入等优点,目前已经成为国内外卫星发展和研究的热点。针对TDMA卫星通信系统的特点,提出了一种适用于TDMA卫星信道带宽动态变化条件下的传输控制层协议(TCP)加速机制。利用OPNET网络仿真工具对TDMA卫星通信系统进行了仿真建模,仿真结果表明,该TCP加速机制能有效提高IP数据的传输效率。     

改进无线网络TCP性能的研究

对采用TCP协议传输数据的实现过程及其在无线网络中可能遇到的问题进行了描述。对因无线信道误码率较高和频繁切换而导致网络性能下降的问题,提出了无线链路层快速重传技术改善网络性能的有效措施,并研究了在无线网络中链路层快速重传技术对无线TCP数据传输的影响。仿真表明链路层快速重传可以有效地改善无线TCP的性能,进一步提高了网络利用率和吞吐量。     

Performance evaluation of high speed TCP over optical burst switching networks

Study of TCP performance over OBS networks has been an important problem of research lately and it was found that due to the congestion control mechanism of TCP and the inherent bursty losses in the Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network, the throughput of TCP connections degrade. On the other hand, High Speed TCP (HSTCP) was proposed as an alternative to the use of TCP in high bandwidth-delay product networks. HSTCP aggressively increases the congestion window used in TCP, when the available bandwidth is high and decreases the window cautiously in response to a congestion event. In this work, we make a thorough simulation study of HSTCP over OBS networks. While the earlier works in the literature used a linear chain of nodes as the network topology for the simulation, we use the popular 14-node NSFNET topology that represents an arbitrary mesh network in our study. We also study the performance of HSTCP over OBS for different bandwidths of access networks. We use two different cases for simulations where in the first HSTCP connections are routed on disjoint paths while in the second they contend for resources in the network links. These cases of simulations along with the mesh topology help us clearly distinguish between the congestion and contention losses in the OBS network and their effect on HSTCP throughput. For completeness of study, we also simulate TCP traffic over OBS networks in all these cases and compare its throughput with that of HSTCP. We observe that irrespective of the access network bandwidth and the burst loss rate in the network, HSTCP outperforms TCP in terms of the throughput and robustness against multiple burst losses up to the expected theoretical burst loss probability of 10⁻³.     

Performance evaluation of selected Transmission Control Protocol variants over a digital video broadcasting‐second generation broadband satellite multimedia system with QoS

This paper presents an analysis of several Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) variants working over a digital video broadcasting‐second generation (DVB‐S2) satellite link with the support of the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture to provide quality of service (QoS). This analysis is carried out using the NS‐2 simulator tool. Three TCP variants are considered: SACK TCP, Hybla TCP, and CUBIC TCP. These TCP variants are taken as a starting point because they have proven to be the most suitable variants to deal with long delays present in satellite links. The DVB‐S2 link also introduces the challenge of dealing with variable bandwidth, whereas the DiffServ architecture introduces the challenge of dealing with different priorities. In this paper, we propose a DiffServ model that includes a modified queuing mechanism to enhance the goodput of the assured forwarding traffic class. This modified DiffServ model is simulated and tested, considering the interaction of the selected TCP variants. In addition, we present evaluation metrics, significant simulations results, and conclusions about the performance of these TCP variants evaluated over the proposed scenario. As a general conclusion, we show that CUBIC TCP is the TCP variant that shows the best performance in terms of goodput, latency, and friendliness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A New Approach for Performance Evaluation of TCP over Interference-Limited Wireless Channels

A new metric for performance evaluation of transport control protocol(TCP) over wireless channels based on the interference-limited characteristics of code division multiple address(CDMA) system is proposed. According to the new metric, the performance of TCP over CDMA correlated channel for different protocol parameters and different versions is investigated. The results show that appropriate selection of protocol parameters and packet error rate(PER) operation point can improve significantly the capacity of packet-switched CDMA-based network.