基于SOA的城市GIS综合平台设计与实现

地理信息系统(GIS)作为数字城市的空间基础平台发挥着重要作用,为了进一步实现城市信息一体化,有效整合异构多源的行业系统和数据,采用基于面向服务的体系结构(SOA),设计了城市GIS综合平台的框架模型.描述了构件、服务的分类与组合、业务流程分析与设计等过程,并利用网络服务技术进行了系统实现.     

基于SOA的企业服务总线在银行系统集成中的应用

详细地论述SOA及企业服务总线的基本概念、工作原理,借助IBM消息中间件MQ和总线产品MB为商业银行分析设计出面向服务架构的企业服务总线,打造一个随需而变的银行SOA企业应用平台,以应对不断变化的市场环境和用户需求。     

基于SOA的新型企业应用集成框架的研究与设计

针对传统的企业应用集成(EAI)缺乏灵活性和适应性、集成难度较大等问题,讨论了相关的支撑技术,充分利用SOA具有的松耦合、跨平台、可重用的优点,提出一种基于SOA的新型企业应用集成框架,实现了用户访问与底层数据、企业应用相分离,将业务流程改造为标准的松耦合企业服务.该框架的成功应用大大提高了企业应用集成系统开发的效率和经济效益.     

On-demand e-supply chain integration: A multi-agent constraint-based approach

With e-business emerging as a key enabler to drive supply chains, the focus of supply chain management has been shifted from production efficiency to customer-driven and partnership synchronization approaches. This strategic shift depends on the match between the demands and offerings that deliver the services. To achieve this, we need to coordinate the flow of information among the services, and link their business processes under various constraints. Existing approaches to this problem have relied on complete information of services and resources, and have failed to adequately address the dynamics and uncertainties of the operating environments. The real-world situation is complicated as a result of undetermined requirements of services involved in the chain, unpredictable solutions contributed by service providers, and dynamic selection and aggregation of solutions to services. This paper examines an agent-mediated approach to on-demand e-business supply chain integration. Each agent works as a service broker, exploring individual service decisions as well as interacting with each other for achieving compatibility and coherence among the decisions of all services. Based on the framework, a prototype has been implemented with simulated experiments highlighting the effectiveness of the approach.     

基于SOA的轻量级企业整合架构设计与应用

为解决企业信息异构和数据整合问题,结合SOA和ESB技术,提出了一种轻量级SOA-ESB企业整合架构。对ESB总线层的适配转换、路由以及安全问题进行了研究,通过协议分析映射、XSLT转换、内容寻址以及加密签名等方法,实现了不同类型规范的信息在系统总线中的高效交互和共享。实验结果表明,基于SOA-ESB企业整合架构的系统平台可有效的集成各异构系统。     

An agent-based approach to tool integration

Tool integration is a very difficult challenge. Problems may arise at different abstraction levels and from several sources such as heterogeneity of manipulated data, incompatible interfaces, or uncoordinated services, to name just a few examples. On the other hand, applications based on the coherent composition of activities, components, services, and data from heterogeneous sources are increasingly present in our everyday lives. Consequently, tool integration takes on increasing significance.In this paper we analyze the tool-integration problem at different abstraction levels and discuss different views on a layered software architecture that we have designed specifically for a middleware that supports the execution of distributed applications for the orchestration of human/system activities. We noticed that the agent paradigm provided a suitable technology for abstraction in tool integration. Throughout the paper, the discussion refers to a case study in the bioinformatics domain.     

试论计算机应用技术与信息管理的整合

当今时代是一个以信息为核心发展的时代,计算机应用技术和信息管理的整合是科技发展过程中的一个重要内容。随着新型信息时代的到来,无论什么行业,都会或多或少的涉及到信息的管理技术。利用计算机方便、高速、准确等特点,把计算机和信息管理技术有效的结合起来,是保证各行各业工作质量、提高工作效率、使各项工作能够顺利开展的必备条件,因为计算机应用技术能够综合管理信息,为各有关部门提供更为科学完整的信息资料,创建快速健全的管理平台,从而提高管理的水平,促进行业的发展。     

Federated integration of networked manufacturing service platforms

Networked manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing pattern that was born of information technologies and suits the networked economic environment. Networked manufacturing service platforms have been widely established to support this new pattern. Since the island problems are retarding further development of networked manufacturing, integration of existing networked manufacturing platforms is in demand. A federated integration mode is proposed to integrate the existing networked manufacturing platforms and provide a large-scale distributed resource sharing and cooperative environment. The nature of federated integration is discussed, and the architecture of federated integration system was put forward along with a set of rules and three types of integration services. Two key issues in federated integration are discussed in detail. One is the federation management, including the hierarchy of federations, the basic states of federations and the state-keeping mechanism using factory/instance pattern. The other issue is the authentication, authorization and access control in across-platform applications. Finally, an implementation is presented.     

Intelligent agent characterization and uncertainty management with fuzzy set theory: a tool to support early supplier integration

This research performed an analysis of the existing categories for agent classification and characterization. The methodology developed fuzzy set theory based intelligent agents designed to promote integration of suppliers into the early stages of product development. The first stage in the project personified the anticipated agents by giving them roles that correlated with humanistic tendencies or professions. The project produced a multidimensional profile for agents by providing an analysis of three personality traits: aggressiveness, attractiveness, and vulnerability. The value associated with each of these traits is obtained through different functions which consider the degree of anticipated interaction between the agent, other agents, and the external environment. Further, the types of uncertainty associated with decision making are identified and assigned. The personality traits are used to describe the expected behavior of the agent and are assigned at the initiation o f a given task. Conversely, the measures of uncertainty are invoked at the completion of the task to provide a series of metrics related to the quality of information or task performed. The developed generic fuzzy intelligent agent model was programmed into two of the types of agents using JAVA. The agents successfully communicated with each other while permitting examination of the uncertainty. The result of the methodology is the creation of a frame that can be used to develop multiple fuzzy agents. Further, this research presents one of the first instantiations of a fuzzy agent. Finally, a hypothetical application of these agents is proposed to support architectural innovation in product development. This example promotes early supplier integration into the product development phase through the use of electronic communication and management of the interactions through intelligent agents. The details of computer programming are left for presentation in a succeeding article.     

A context-aware approach to automated negotiation using reinforcement learning

Agents negotiate depending on individual perceptions of facts, events, trends and special circumstances that define the negotiation context. The negotiation context affects in different ways each agent’s preferences, bargaining strategies and resulting benefits, given the possible negotiation outcomes. Despite the relevance of the context, the existing literature on automated negotiation is scarce about how to account for it in learning and adapting negotiation strategies. In this paper, a novel contextual representation of the negotiation setting is proposed, where an agent resorts to private and public data to negotiate using an individual perception of its necessity and risk. A context-aware negotiation agent that learns through Self-Play and Reinforcement Learning (RL) how to use key contextual information to gain a competitive edge over its opponents is discussed in two levels of temporal abstraction. Learning to negotiate in an Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) is presented as a case study. In the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) market of an EIP, two instances of context-aware agents, in the roles of a buyer and a seller, are set to bilaterally negotiate exchanges of electrical energy surpluses over a discrete timeline to demonstrate that they can profit from learning to choose a negotiation strategy while selfishly accounting for contextual information under different circumstances in a data-driven way. Furthermore, several negotiation episodes are conducted in the proposed EIP between a context-aware agent and other types of agents proposed in the existing literature. Results obtained highlight that context-aware agents do not only reap selfishly higher benefits, but also promote social welfare as they resort to contextual information while learning to negotiate.     

Survey on the run-time systems of enterprise application integration platforms focusing on performance

Companies are taking advantage of cloud computing to upgrade their business processes. Cloud computing requires interaction with many kinds of applications, so it is necessary to improve the performance of software tools that allow keeping information on all these applications consistent and synchronised. Integration platforms are specialised software tools that provide support to design, implement, run, and monitor integration solutions, which aim to orchestrate a set of applications so as to promote compatibility among their data or to develop new functionality on top of the current ones. The run-time system is the part of the integration platform responsible for running the integration solutions, which makes its performance the uttermost important issue. The contribution of this article is two-fold: a framework and an evaluation of integration platforms. The former is a framework composed of ten properties grouped into two dimensions to evaluate the run-time systems focusing on performance. Using this framework as reference, the second contribution is an evaluation of nine open-source integration platforms, which represent the state-of-the-art, provide support to the integration patterns, and follow the pipes-and-filters architectural style. In addition, as a result of this work, we suggest open research directions that can be explored to improve the performance of the run-time systems and at the same time may be useful to adapt them to the context of cloud computing.     

An infrastructure to support cooperation of knowledge-level agents on the semantic Grid

Can a Knowledge-Level layer be located in the Semantic Grid infrastructure? Is it possible to design an Agent Communication Language (ACL) which enables Knowledge-Level agents to cooperate in a geographically distributed Semantic Grid despite nodes’ failures or malfunctions? This paper tries to address the above Semantic Grid challenges presenting an agent-based Open Service Architecture which integrates geographically distributed agents in a Semantic Grid. The architecture is well integrated with standard Internet components and technologies and supports communication among Knowledge-Level agents. The role of agents is to retrieve, execute and compose available services providing more sophisticated instances of them. Inter-agent communication is realized by exploiting an advanced Agent Communication Language which supports a fault-tolerant anonymous interaction protocol and satisfies a set of well defined Knowledge-Level programming requirements. Here, we present the design of the architecture and of the Agent Communication Language as well as their implementation. The architecture is evaluated by means of several case studies which highlight the main feature of our proposal. The main advantage of our approach is to demonstrate that different issues, such as high level inter-agent communication and fault tolerance, can be successfully integrated in Grid infrastructures which provide Web Services maintaining a clean design of the architecture and a Knowledge-Level characterization.     

Implementation of the direct integration from CAM to CAE for the PCB simulation

Currently, an engineering analysis before manufacturing is an essential process in nearly every industry. To obtain more accurate results from an engineering analysis, the input data for the CAE system which performs the analysis should be well translated from the original data, such as CAD data or CAM data. However, in a company producing printed circuit boards (PCBs), it takes too much time to obtain CAE data from the original CAM data because a CAD system is typically located between the two systems. Most of the time is wasted when attempting to translate the shape information and when modifying the errors that arise during the manual work involved in the process. In this study, a new methodology for the direct and automatic translation from a CAM system to a CAE system is suggested. This methodology is based on macro-parametric methodology that is developed for exchanges of CAD data.     

Do whatever works: A robust approach to fault-tolerant autonomous control

This paper describes a highly distributed fault-tolerant control system capable of compensating for deficiencies in system-level performance even when the cause of a fault cannot be explicitly identified. Developed for an autonomous underwater vehicle that must remain operational for several weeks without human intervention, this system must be capable of dealing with events that cannot be anticipated at design time. A unique aspect of this system is that it handles such events by attempting to do whatever works if it is unable to diagnose and correct specific faults. The software architecture used in this approach is applicable to a wide range of complex autonomous control applications.     

面向智能农业应用的集成框架研究

采用基于中间件技术的三层客户／服务器计算模式，论述了智能农业分布式应用的构造技术。在J2EE与EJB构件规范基础上，设计和实现支持分布式计算的智能农业应用集成框架。研究的分布式构件能够方便地进行管理，并可以集成到其它系统中。集成框架支持对新一代电子农务应用的开发、部署和管理，使各种异构系统间交换信息成为可能。基于集成框架，分布式系统的开发人员能够摆脱传统的网络编程以及维护分布事务完整，挂等的繁琐局面，直接针对业务逻辑功能进行实现。     

A semantic framework and software design to enable the transparent integration,reorganization and discovery of natural systems knowledge

I present a conceptualization that attempts to unify diverse representations of natural knowledge while providing a workable computational framework, based on current semantic web theory, for developing, communicating, and running integrated simulation models. The approach is based on a long-standing principle of scientific investigation: the separation of the ontological character of the object of study from the semantics of the observation context, the latter including location in space and time and other observation-related aspects. I will show how current Knowledge Representation theories coupled with the object-oriented paradigm allow an efficient integration through the abstract model of a domain, which relates to the idea of aspect in software engineering. This conceptualization allows us to factor out two fundamental causes of complexity and awkwardness in the representation of knowledge about natural system: (a) the distinction between data and models, both seen here as generic knowledge sources; (b) the multiplicity of states in data sources, handled through the hierarchical composition of independently defined domain objects, each accounting for all states in one well-known observational dimension. This simplification leaves modelers free to work with the bare conceptual bones of the problem, encapsulating complexities connected to data format, and scale. I will then describe the design of a software system that implements the approach, referring to explicit ontologies to unambiguously characterize the semantics of the objects of study, and allowing the independent definition of a global observation context that can be redefined as required. I will briefly discuss applications to multi-scale, multi-paradigm modeling, intelligent database design, and web-based collaboration.     

A feasible approach to the integration of CAD and CAPP

Although current CAD systems are declared to be feature-based, in fact, the so-called feature is just a modeling macro or menu name such as Protrusion, Revolution, Cutout, Block, etc., instead of a design feature or manufacturing feature in accordance with engineering practice. Consequently, product model data insufficiency and incompatibility between varieties of application systems are still the major barriers to system integration, especially the integration of design and process planning. This paper proposes a practical solution for a bi-directional integration of CAD and CAPP on the platform of commercial CAD systems. The key techniques such as feature recognition and conversion, feature parameter and constraint extraction, feature tree reconstruction, technical information processing, process planning, automatic process drawing marking and 3D material stock CAD model generating are discussed. And the extracted features and their related technical information and knowledge are encapsulated together with the geometry-oriented CAD model to form an integrated product information model to facilitate effective integration with the downstream activities. The integrated CAD/CAPP system is implemented on a commercial CAD package, UGS/SolidEdge. A case study and industry implementation illustrate the feasibility of the approach proposed.     

A formal approach to perfective software maintenance: System integration using a basis of formal object-oriented components

We investigate how a formalism known as a basis and common to many areas of applied mathematics and engineering can be applied to perfective maintenance and the integration of application systems in software engineering, using an object-oriented approach. It is concluded that this formalism serves as a mathematical model for perfective software maintenance and software systems integration activities under object-oriented development. Theorems and properties about the model are reported as guides to software maintenance. The model and formal maintenance techniques have been applied to a software system in the management information systems area to demonstrate this approach to perfective maintenance and to assist in validating the model.     

An ontology based approach to the integration of entity–relationship schemas

In schema integration, schematic discrepancies occur when data in one database correspond to metadata in another. We explicitly declare the context that is the meta information relating to the source, classification, property etc. of entities, relationships or attribute values in entity–relationship (ER) schemas. We present algorithms to resolve schematic discrepancies by transforming metadata into the attribute values of entity types, keeping the information and constraints of original schemas. Although focusing on the resolution of schematic discrepancies, our technique works seamlessly with the existing techniques resolving other semantic heterogeneities in schema integration.