人体步态规律测量分析与研究

为系统研究人体下肢的运动规律,采用基于人体运动图像的检测系统以及人体关节角度测量装置,对人体在跑步机上行走时关节运动轨迹和关节角度进行了测量,该系统通过Visual C 6.0和Matlab/Simulink混合编程,来实现对运动图像以及标志点的采集工作.结合数据融合方法对测量结果进行了处理和分析,得到人体步态规律.测量结果为了解人体运动规律,分析异常步态以及康复治疗提供了依据.     

双足足球机器人行走步态研究

为了研究双足足球机器人行走时步态的连续性和稳定性，首先提出了双足足球机器人的体系结构，然后给出了基本步态算法，增加了行进中步态校正策略，包括动态和静态步伐的校正．解决了动、静态行走时步态的准确性和鲁棒性．试验数据验证了步态方程和步态校正策略能够适应FIRA比赛要求．     

六足机器人横向行走步态研究

以一种新型的多自由度六足机器人机构为对象,研究其横向行走步态,规划一种横向行走的三角步态,并完成了足端轨迹规划和稳定性分析.最后采用Pro/E和ADAMS等软件相结合的方式对六足机器人的样机模型进行运动学仿真与分析,结果证实了该横向行走步态的可行性,为接下来的物理样机实验提供了依据.     

气动柔性关节六足机器人结构设计与步态实验

采用自主研发的气动柔性关节,研制了一种地面移动六足机器人,能够实现前后、左右移动和转动等功能.重点研究了柔性关节六足机器人腿部结构、关节的运动原理和行进步态.搭建了试验台,通过高速摄像等实验手段,验证了机器人步态规划的合理性.为气动柔性关节六足机器人在实践中的应用,提供了理论与实践基础.     

正常步态下髋关节运动数学模型

为了解决人体步态运动描述方法问题,以健康男性青年为对象,对人在行走过程中髋关节在矢状面内的旋转运动进行了实验研究.绘制了实验数据曲线,提出了采用扩展广义Sigmoid型函数的方法对其进行定量的模型化描述.通过相关分析得出身高和行走速度对髋关节运动都有显著性影响,其中行走速度与幅值正相关,身高与幅值负相关,并将模型进行了...     

研究步态分类的一种新方法

提出一种研究步态分类的新方法－“事件矩阵法“。在给出事件矩阵和有关步态分类研究中的一些定义的基础上，应用事件矩阵对步态分类问题进行了讨论。表明“事件矩阵法“比采用步态矩阵研究步态分类问题更简单、更有效。     

基于特征组合的步态识别算法研究

步态识别是通过人走路的姿态进行身份识别,研究提出一种组合步态运动中的人体形状静态特征和动态特征的步态识别算法：使用改进的Hu矩和紧致度表达人体轮廓特征,用于描述步态序列的静态特征：提取大腿间的夹角和长宽比,用于描述步态序列的动态特征;并将这两种特征进行组合处理．实验结果表明：本算法的性能较单一特征的步态识别算法有明显的改善．     

考虑膝关节转动刚度的二段腿行走步态分析

为研究腿部构造对双足倒立摆行走步态的影响,提出了一种含膝关节的二段腿倒立摆模型,确定了腿部受到的反力和腿长的关系,建立了模型运动控制方程和仿真模型,采用庞加莱映射和牛顿迭代法求得了模型周期性行走步态结果,分析了机械能、冲击角、膝关节初始角度、膝关节转动刚度等模型参数对行走步态的影响.分析结果表明:含膝关节的二段腿初始刚度较大,随着变形的增大刚度逐渐减小,表明二段腿存在受力柔化特性;二段腿模型能够在一定参数范围内实现多种周期性步态,给定合适的参数组合,模型能够覆盖人体正常行走的频率区间.对比线弹簧模型,本文模型构造更接近于真实人体,模型参数物理意义明确,为模型的实验验证和参数标定打下了基础.     

欠驱动步态行走机器人基于反相同步的脉冲控制策略

对机器人行走的一类混沌步态进行了修正并设计了新的运动模型,首次应用了机器人行走的反相同步控制方法,将机器人足底的碰撞等效为地面的脉冲作用力,使其产生新的对称步态。应用脉冲控制的方法实现对机器人行走步态的稳定控制,使机器人的混沌步态迅速收敛,从而实现稳定行走。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于LSTM神经网络的仿人机器人循环步态的生成方法

为了解决Kinect视野限制仿人机器人不能对人体步行动作进行长时间模仿的问题,提出基于长短期记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络预测模型生成仿人机器人的循环步态的方法.通过Kinect多次采集人体步行时各个关节角度的一维时间序列,经仿人机器人步态平衡模型得到仿人机器人的关节角度驱动序列.使用C-C方法确定时间序列的时间延迟和嵌入维数,对关节角度序列进行相空间重构,获取时间序列的更多特征值对基于LSTM神经网络搭建的关节角度预测模型训练,并通过其生成多个步态周期的关节角度序列.使用生成的序列在WEBOTS平台中驱动仿人机器人NAO完成多个步态周期的步行动作.该方法有效解决体感摄影机视野限制问题,使仿人机器人能完成多个步态周期的步行模仿动作.     

Online gait programming of humanoid walking via NMPC

In order to satisfy the requirement of realtime gait programming of humanoid walking with foot rotation,a kind of modified Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) scheme was proposed. Based on setting suitable kinetic and kinematic virtual constraints of Single Support Phase (SSP) and three subphases of Double Support Phase (DSP) ,complex realtime gait programming problem was simplified to four online NMPC dynamic optimization problems. A numerical approach was proposed to transform the dynamical optimization problem to the finite dimensional static optimization problem which can be solved by Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) . It can be concluded from simulation that using this method on BIP model can realize online gait programming of dynamic walking with foot rotation and the biped stability can be satisfied such that there is no sliding during walking.     

人和动物的步态与步行机器人

对人、四足动物、蛇、毛虫的行走方式和躯体形态以及它们在步态、体态方面的差别进行了综合论述,进而对不同行走方式的机器人的步态策略进行了论述。展望了动物步态和仿生步行机器人研究的发展前景。     

Novel algorithm of gait planning of hydraulic quadruped robot to avoid foot sliding and reduce impingement

In order to solve kinematic redundancy problems of a hydraulic quadruped walking robot, which include leg dragging, sliding, impingement against the ground, an improved gait planning algorithm for this robot is proposed in this paper. First, the foot trajectory is designated as the improved composite cycloid foot trajectory. Second, the landing angle of each leg of the robot is controlled to satisfy friction cone to improve the stability performance of the robot. Then with the controllable landing angle of quadruped robot and a geometry method, the kinematic equation is derived in this paper. Finally, a gait planning method of quadruped robot is proposed, a dynamic co-simulation is done with ADAMS and MATLAB, and practical experiments are conducted. The validity of the proposed algorithm is confirmed through the co-simulation and experimentation. The results show that the robot can avoid sliding, reduce impingement, and trot stably in trot gait.     

碳纤维布加固框架梁端部锚固方式试验研究

对采用不同梁端锚固方式的碳纤维布加固框架梁进行静载试验研究，在承载力、挠度及裂缝开展等方面进行了综合比较和分析可以看出：采用角铜锚固的效果要比采用碳纤维布锚固好，梁根部的锚固也非常重要，可以避免类似碳纤维布被拉鼓现象的发生     

基于地面反力的双足机器人期望步态轨迹规划

提出了一种基于地面反力的双足机器人期望步态轨迹规划方法。通过D Alembert定理推导出地面反力与机器人关节运动之间的数学关系。结合ZMP（零力矩点）稳定性原则和其他物理性约束条件,给出了双足机器人期望步态轨迹。受人类行走的启发,采用模糊策略来规划期望ZMP轨迹。该方案与传统的双足机器人步态轨迹生成方法比较,可实现稳定的行走,具有上体的运动范围小,适用于单、双脚支撑期等优点。双足机器人的实验说明了该方案的可行性和良好性能。     

Continuous and smooth gait transition in a quadruped robot based on CPG

To improve the smoothness of motion control in a quadruped robot, a continuous and smooth gait transition method based on central pattern generator (CPG) was presented to solve the unsmooth or failed problem which may result in phase-locked or sharp point with direct replacement of the gait matrix. Through improving conventional weight matrix, a CPG network and a MATLAB/Simulink model were constructed based on the Hopf oscillator for gait generation and transition in the quadruped robot. A co-simulation was performed using ADAMS/MATLAB for the gait transition between walk and trot to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed CPG gait generation and transition algorithms. Related methods and conclusions can technically support the motion control technology of the quadruped robot.     

Gait simulation of new robot for human walking on sand

In order to simulate the gait of human walking on different terrains a new robot with six degrees of freedom was proposed. Based on sand bearing characteristic compliance control was introduced to control system in horizontal and vertical movement directions at the end of the robot, and position control in attitude. With Matlab/Simulink toolbox, the system control models were established, and the bearing characteristics of rigid ground, hard sand, soft sand and softer sand were simulated. The results show that 0, 0.62, 0.89 and 1.12 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground along the positive direction of x-axis, respectively, and 0, −0.96, −1.99 and −3.00 mm are the maximal subsidences along the negative direction of x-axis, respectively. Every subsidence along y-axis is negative, and 0, −4.12, −8.23 and −12.01 mm are the maximal subsidences of the four kinds of ground, respectively. Simulation results show that the subsidence of footboard points to inferior anterior in early stage of stand phase, while points to posterior aspect in late stage. The subsidence tends to point to posterior aspect in the whole. These results are basically consistent with the gait characteristics of human walking on sand. Gait simulation of the robot for human walking on sand is achieved.