激光与癌组织的相互作用：激光治癌的机理研究

本文阐明了激光与组织的相互作用机制,在此基础上,进一步研究了用于激光治癌的热效应和光动力学效应,并对激光治癌的适应症作了简要说明。     

金蒸气激光应用于PDT治癌的基础研究

金蒸气激光应用于ＰＤＴ治癌的基础研究钱育军，潘佰良（浙江大学，杭州３１００２７）喻森明（武警总队杭州医院，杭州３１００１３）光动力学疗法（ＰｈｏｔｏｄｒｎａｎｄｃＴｈｅｒａｏｒ，简称ＰＤＴ）是国际上８０年代才发展起来的一种治疗癌症的行之有效的新方法。...     

塑料包层光纤在光治癌仪上的应用

本文介绍使用塑料包层光纤制作传光性能良好的纤维束耦合器,用这种耦合器配套于改装后的LC-1B型铟灯光源上,可以组成内腔和皮下组织的光治癌仪。这时,纤维束耦合器的输出端光功率密度达80～170mW/cm~2。这个量级的光功率密度,一般只要对病灶进行20～40分钟的辐射后就可以使血卟啉药物对癌细胞起杀伤作用,从而达到治疗目的。经桂林市人民医院五官科几个月临床应用,证明效果不错。     

闪光灯泵浦脉冲染料激光器用于激光血卟啉治癌

实体恶性肿瘤的光动力学诊断与治疗,经过几年来国内外的实践,逐步确立了临床医疗上的地位。目前采用的氩激光泵浦的连续波染料激光器,由于系统结构复杂等影响了治癌方法的推广应用。     

准分子染料激光诊断和治疗癌

癌的光动力学诊断和治疗自1980年起迅速地应用于临床。为了获得光动力学效果，使用了毒性较小的肿瘤亲和性光敏剂HPD，用405nm的Kr^＋激光进行诊断，用630nm的Ar^＋染料激光进行治疗。     

用PDI GaAs模块设计光站及光接收机常用方案简介

说明： 1）方案1、方案2在-1 dBm光功率输入情况下，光站输出端口电平可达106dBμV，同时链路中还有8dB左右的增益裕量。     

以液体作氯施主的XeCl激光器

本文报道以CCl_4和SiCl_4作氯施主的XeCl激光器的实验结果以及H_2对输出特性的影响,输出能量可达以HCl为氯施主的80％。讨论了该体系的形成动力学。     

激光手术刀

1960年红宝石激光器获得振荡，不久便开始了医学和生物学中的激光研究。很早就着手把氙灯换成激光用作网膜光凝固装置的光源。关于激光治癌，早期的研究使用脉冲激光，不能充分破坏肿瘤,而且由于冲击压力的作用会使活的癌细胞有转移的可能。因此对于激光治癌是有人唱反调的。以后，由于CO2激光、Nd:YAG激光、氩离子激光等高功率连续波激光的出现，使激光治癌的研究迈进一步。     

关于激光治癌的微观机理

关于激光治癌的微观机理张绪宽（江汉大学应用物理系电子信息教研室武汉４３００１０）激光治癌是国内外学者都感兴趣的问题。现就激光治癌机理作初步的定量研究。激光治癌的理论基础是激光与机体物质的相互作用；激光的特性是＂一高＂（单色亮度高）和＂三好＂方向性好，...     

Nd:YAG激光治疗咽部血管瘤

咽部血管瘤是发生于咽部的良性肿瘤,好发于青少年。海绵状血管瘤为多见。肿瘤基底广、无蒂、表面隆起,有时呈结节状。青蓝或紫红色,具有弹性。治疗多采用冷冻、注射硬化剂、手术、放疗等。近十年来,我科采用Nd:YAG 激光照射治疗30例咽部血管瘤病人,均收到满意效果。临床资料器械:JG-2型 YAG 激光仪,连续功率输出经单丝石英光导纤维传输可达1～100W。配以 He-Ne 光作指示光。     

Tumor‐Specific Aptamer‐Conjugated Polymeric Photosensitizer for Effective Endo‐Laparoscopic Photodynamic Therapy

Recent advances in medical technology and endo‐laparoscopic devices have enabled the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers to be minimally invasive through endo‐laparoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT). To achieve an efficient regional or endo‐laparoscopic PDT, it is necessary to develop a highly target specific photosensitizer (PS) that can be easily treated to the lesion site with endo‐laparoscopic device. Here, an ideal polymeric PS is demonstrated for effective endo‐laparoscopic PDT. In the synthetic process, conventional PS (i.e., Chlorin e6, Ce6) is conjugated with an Aptamer (i.e., AS1411) targeting nucleolin (also called C23) overexpressed on the cancer cell membrane using a water‐soluble polymeric linker (i.e., polyethylene glycol, PEG). The synthesized Aptamer‐PEG‐Ce6 could target nucleolin‐overexpressing tumor cells efficiently and visualize the tumor tissues through optical and fluorescent imaging both in vitro and ex vivo, and effectively kills cancer cells under laser irradiation. Tumor staining with Aptamer‐PEG‐Ce6 is easily accomplished through endoscopic equipment within a few minutes. Furthermore, after laser irradiation, Aptamer‐PEG‐Ce6 is found to penetrate deeply into the tumor tissue and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Taken together, the tumor‐specific Aptamer‐conjugated polymeric PS developed in this study has great potential as an ideal photomedicine for effective tumor treatment using endo‐laparoscopic PDT.     

ALA联合小剂量HPD激光光动力学治疗皮肤肿瘤临床研究

目的:局部外敷ALA和静脉注射小剂量HPD联合用药后进行激光光敏诊断和光动力学治疗,探讨这种联合用药光动力学疗法治疗皮肤恶性肿瘤的疗效.并与常规HPD-PDT及激光气化肿瘤合并ALA-PDT治疗作临床疗效对比.方法:30例患者,45处皮肤损害.采用ALA-PDT与小剂量HPD-PDT联合的方案进行治疗.光敏药物剂量:8%ALA 霜剂外敷,1.5mg/kg HPD静脉用药,波长630nm半导体激光照射(功率密度250mW/cm~2,照射时间20分钟/光斑).同时在PDT治疗过程中,及以后的随访中均以激光光敏诊断技术指导治疗及判断避光时间.并与常规HPD(5mg/kg)-PDT治疗皮肤恶性肿瘤43例及三周前激光气化肿瘤加20%ALA霜剂外敷光动力学治疗29例作疗效比较.结果:ALA联合小剂量HPD激光光动力学治疗组,除一例鳞癌II级患者及一例恶性黑色素瘤患者出现复发外,其余患者对联合治疗的效果均佳,随访6～24月,均获得了痊愈,近期痊愈率93.33%,显效率6.67%,皮肤避光时间减少到10～14天.HPD-PDT治疗皮肤恶性肿瘤组43例,40例达近期痊愈,近期痊愈率91.43%,3例显效,显效率8.57%(显效3例,2例为色素型基底细胞癌, 1例为直肠癌肛周复发).激光气化肿瘤加ALA-PDT治疗组29例,26例一次治疗痊愈,近期痊愈率89.66%,3例显效,显效率10.34%(显效3例,2例鳞癌II级经二次治疗痊愈,1例汗管癌7周复发改用手术治疗).结论:1.ALA联合小剂量HPD的光动力学疗法对于诊断和治疗皮肤恶性肿瘤有较佳的疗效.两种光敏剂的联合使用,使皮肤避光时间由原来常规剂量HPD-PDT所必需的4～5周缩短到2周左右,并改善了ALA-PDT作用深度浅(2mm)的弊端.2.光敏诊断是一种简便、快捷、灵敏、非创伤性的肿瘤诊断方法,对于提高肿瘤的早期诊断率有很大意义,又能作为判断避光时间的辅助手段.3.光动力学治疗是一种对肿瘤组织杀伤具有高度选择性的微创技术,病人对整个治疗过程的耐受性好,更适合于年老体弱或对皮肤美观有特殊需求的患者.     

激光一光化治疗的国内外应用研究进展

介绍了弱激光治疗和光动力治疗的机制以及它的研究进展。氦氖激光照射人体血液，可以增加红血球的溶血率，改善血液载氧能力，降低血沉和粘度。光动力治疗肿瘤的临床结果表明，它对早期肿瘤的治愈是有效的，并能保持患者的生活质量。     

光动力结合环磷酰胺对小鼠移植瘤影响的实验研究

目的 :观察PDT结合环磷酰胺对小鼠移植肿瘤的杀伤效应。方法 :应用光敏剂加氩离子激光照射结合应用环磷酰胺对小鼠移植肿瘤进行治疗。结果 :激光光动力结合环磷酰胺治疗对小鼠移植瘤的杀伤作用较单独应用激光光动力或单独应用环磷酰胺的杀伤作用更明显 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :光动力结合化疗药物可作为治疗肿瘤的一种方法     

Hyperbranched Polyglycerol‐Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for One‐ and Two‐Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy

Two‐photon activated photodynamic therapy (TPA‐PDT) is a recently developed technique that shows a potential for medical application. In contrast to traditional one‐photon activated PDT, TPA‐PDT can increase the treatment depth and decrease the damage to healthy tissue by using a near‐infrared two‐photon laser. However, this technique also suffers from the fact that approved photosensitive drugs have a low two‐photon absorption cross section. In this study, it is demonstrate that doped polyglycerol mesoporous silica nanoparticles can carry a photosensitizer, Rose bengal, and can be applied in one‐ and two‐photon PDT. TPA dye‐doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been synthesized using a surfactant‐free route, which can be considered a TPA‐PDT platform after loading normal photosensitive drugs. The doped TPA dyes in the silica nanoparticles can transfer energy to the loading drugs via an intraparticle fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. The fluorescence lifetime and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images obtained under different conditions demonstrated a FRET effect through both one‐ and two‐photon activated modes. The results of cytotoxicity experiments proved that this TPA‐PDT system could induce cellular apoptosis under one‐ or two‐photon irradiation. This system in principle extends the application range of TPA‐PDT.     

光动力作用效果的剂量学描述探讨

讨论肿瘤光动力治疗中光敏药物剂量、光剂量的描述和测量,利用光动力损伤剂量把光动力作用中光敏药物剂量、光剂量和组织氧浓度三者联系起来,分析说明定量讨论光动力作用效果的可行性和重要性,建立光动力作用效果与光敏药物剂量、光剂量、氧浓度以及组织光学参数的关联,所得到的定量关系对设计合理的光动力治疗方案有借鉴作用。     

Scanning laser system for combined fluorescent diagnostics andphotodynamic therapy: structural design, preliminary trials, andpotentials

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly performed by administration of porphyrin photosensitizers selectively retained by malignant tumors. Subsequent photoexcitation with UV-blue light causes fluorescence useful for diagnosis. Excitation by red light destroys the cancer tissue. The use of high-speed scanning of laser light as an alternative to conventional PDT which employs dispersed light to achieve uniformity of treatment is proposed. It is shown that treatment with scanned light beams produces photochemical effects in malignant animal tissue that are virtually the same as those caused by comparable treatments with diffused light. It is argued that undesirable thermal effects can be reduced by the use of focused, scanned laser beams in lieu of diffused light. It is also shown how concurrent analysis and treatment can proceed using a system of two laser beams     

Simultaneous measurement of the linewidth, linewidth enhancementfactor α, and FM and AM response of a semiconductor laser

Using a commercially available computer controlled spectrum analyser with tracking generator, optical input section, and optical delay line it is possible to measure the linewidth, linewidth enhancement factor α, and FM and AM response of a semiconductor laser in one process. The determination of the linewidth yields also information about the frequency noise density and the determination of a delivers information about the nonlinear gain. Assuming an optical input power of 0 dBm, a laser linewidth <50 MHz and a modulation response of the laser without cut-off, AM indices m>0.01% and FM deviations of about >10 MHz up to 20 GHz can be detected     

Nd:YAG激光与光动力学疗法联合治疗直肠肛管癌

应用NdYAG激光与光动力学疗法联合治疗直肠肛管癌21例,有效率为95.2%,结果表明两种的联合应用可使疗效提高,疗程时间缩短,并防止并发症,对疗效及治疗的机理进行了讨论.     

一种便携式半导体激光PDT控制系统

设计研制了与第2代光敏剂相配用的半导体激光光动力治疗（PDT）控制系统，该系统采用掌上电脑（PDA），用VC6.0编程，通过PDA并口控制恒流源及制冷电路来驱动半导体激光器。结果表明，系统接入半导体激光器，控制系统工作正常；系统受干扰影响较小，工作稳定，具有便携、经济、精度高和效率高等特点。