Adaptive modulation using multipath fading compensation

An adaptive modulation/TDMA/TDD system using bi-directional multipath fading compensation is proposed. Computer simulation shows that the proposed system achieves higher quality and higher bit rate transmission than the conventional adaptive modulation/TDMA/TDD system using pilot symbol assisted fading compensation in a frequency selective fading environment     

Volterra adaptive prediction of multipath fading channel

The Volterra adaptive prediction of the multipath fading channel is studied. The performances of the Volterra filter and the conventional linear transverse filter are compared. Computer simulation results indicate that the Volterra filter behaves better than a linear transverse filter     

一种适用于稀疏多径信道的自适应均衡算法

针对传统的自适应均衡算法在稀疏多径信道下性能表现不佳的问题,提出了一种基于基追踪降噪的自适应均衡算法。该算法利用稀疏多径信道下均衡器权值的稀疏性,将自适应均衡器的训练过程看作压缩感知理论中稀疏信号对字典的加权求和,并利用重构算法直接对稀疏权值进行求解,解决了迭代参数设置和收敛慢的问题。采用基追踪降噪作为重构算法并选用变量分离近似稀疏重构对该最优化问题进行求解,既提高了权值的重构精度又降低了计算的复杂度。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够以较低的计算量和较少的训练序列达到更优性能,这对提升系统的通信性能具有参考价值。     

Optimal adaptive multiuser detection in unknown multipath channels

An optimal multiuser detector in the weighted least squares (WLS) sense is derived. This detector, which includes the maximum likelihood multiuser detector as a special case, consists of two parts: a bank of linear fractionally chip spaced minimum mean squared error (MMSE) filters, and a nonlinear WLS metric minimizer. It is shown that the symbol spaced samples at the output of the MMSE filter bank provide a set of sufficient statistics for WLS detection. The relationship between the taps of a centralized decision feedback detector and the MMSE filter bank is derived. It is proven that all the necessary parameters for implementing the WLS detector can be realized by adaptively training a centralized decision feedback detector. Therefore, the WLS detector achieves optimal joint synchronization and data detection even in the presence of colored noise, such as narrowband interference, without any a priori knowledge of the users' signatures, multipath channel taps or statistics of the colored noise. Significant features of the WLS detector are that: (1) the WLS detector is a generalization of the maximum likelihood multiuser detector that employs a bank of matched filters; (2) it is implemented adaptively; and (3) it has structural flexibility in terms of implementation complexity     

An adaptive array utilizing an adaptive spatial averaging technique for multipath environments

When the interference is coherent with the desired signal, the conventional adaptive arrays working under the guiding principle of output power minimization tend to cancel the desired signal by using the coherent interference. A technique is described which enables the adaptive array to function even under such an environment. The array is divided into subarrays, whose input correlation matrices are adaptively averaged so as to produce a Toeplitz matrix which would be obtained when the interference did not correlate with the desired signal. The averaged matrix is now free from correlation terms between the desired signal and interference, and therefore may be used to derive the optimum weight for the array element just as in the ordinary radio environment of incoherent interference. Numerical examples show that the new adaptive array is highly capable to suppress the coherent interferences as well as incoherent ones.     

Robust adaptive stick-slip friction compensation

In this paper, a robust adaptive tracking control scheme is proposed for compensation of the stick-slip friction in a mechanical servo system. The control scheme has a sliding control input to compensate friction forces. The gain of the sliding control input is adjusted adaptively to estimate the linear bound of the stick-slip friction. By introducing the sliding control input, the global stability and the tracking error asymptotic convergence to the predetermined boundary are established via Lyapunov's stability theorem. The proposed scheme is shown to be robust to variations of the system and/or friction characteristics, and a bounded external disturbance. Computer simulations and experiments on an X-Y table verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme     

Sparse adaptive constant blind equalization algorithm for sparse multipath channel

In order to improve the convergence rate of the blind equalizer for sparse multipath channel,a novel blind equalization approach called l₀-norm constraint proportionate normalized least mean square constant algorithm was proposed for M-order phase-shift keying (MPSK) signal.Based on the constant modulus characteristics of MPSK signal and the sparse property of equalizer,a new blind equalization cost function with the l₀-norm penalty on the equalizer tap coefficients was firstly constructed.Then the update formula of the tap coefficients was derived according to the gradient descent algorithm.Moreover,the iteration step was updated by drawing upon the normalized proportionate factor.The algorithm not only assigned step sizes proportionate to the magnitude of the current individual tap weights,but also attracted the inactive taps to zero adaptively.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing blind equalization algorithms for sparse channel in reducing ISI and improving convergence rate.     

相干多径环境下自适应阵列的性能改进

针对传统自适应波束形成算法无法抑制相干干扰的问题,引入了一种预处理技术--自适应加权空间平滑(Weighted Spatial Smoothing,WSS)算法,结合线性约束最小方差准则,可以有效地抑制相干干扰.同时,针对WSS引起的孔径损失,提出了一种对子阵进行相位补偿,利用全阵做波束形成的方法.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法对相干干扰的抑制能力明显优于常规均匀空间平滑(Uniform Spatial Smoothing,USS)算法,而且避免了孔径损失.     

多径衰落信道中一种新的基于CMA的盲多用户检测算法

该文基于 CLSCMA算法提出了一种新的盲自适应多用户检测算法,这种算法适用于多径衰落信道。这种多用户检测算法能很好抵消多址干扰和克服多径衰落,算法的收敛性能和子空间自适应多用户检测算法相当,而稳态性能稍强于子空间多用户检测算法。因而是一种优秀的盲自适应多用户检测算法,具有一定的应用和研究价值。     

Blind adaptive Kalman filter-based multiuser detector over a multipath fading channel

An adaptive blind multiuser detection algorithm is proposed for asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems based on a modified constrained Kalman filter over a multipath fading channel. This detector is shown to outperform the present least mean squares filter in bit-error-rate and convergence rate, and it is shown to have a better tracking capability under a dynamic environment where the number of users will change frequently with time.     

Advanced blind adaptive multi-user detector for communications innonstationary multipath fading channel

This paper deals with an adaptive multi-user detector for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) wireless communication systems, named advanced blind adaptive multi-user detector (ABA-MUD), whose main features are low complexity and joint utilization of time diversity and adaptive blind processing techniques. Differently from known blind adaptive detectors, the proposed scheme achieves remarkable performance even in critical time-varying environments by means of a suitable window reprocessing technique. The ABA-MUD avoids the use of training sequences and only needs knowledge of timing and signature waveform of the desired user, number of active users and a rough evaluation of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for a proper setting of the detection algorithm. Numerical results, shown here in terms of bit error rate (BER), highlight good behavior and remarkable near-far resistance of the proposed ABA-MUD receiver with respect to different alternatives, in particular, in the case of worst fading environments     

Blind adaptive multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels basedon subspace tracking

A blind adaptive technique for signal demodulation in multipath code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication channels is proposed. This technique is based on signal subspace estimation. The receiver employs a bank of linear filters (decorrelating filters or linear MMSE filters) at the front end to mitigate the multiple-access interference and the multipath interference. A channel estimator is used to estimate the channel state for diversity combining. It is shown that through the use of signal subspace estimation, both the decorrelating filterbank and the linear MMSE filterbank can be obtained blindly, i.e., they can be estimated from the received signal with the prior knowledge of only the signature waveform of the desired user. Two forms of the subspace-based linear filterbanks are developed and their equivalence in terms of the interference suppression capability is established. These subspace-based blind adaptive interference suppression techniques require, at each symbol epoch, the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of an appropriate signal subspace, which ran be obtained using computationally efficient sequential adaptive eigendecomposition (subspace tracking) algorithms. Moreover, a blind adaptive method for estimating the channel state is developed, which also produces the postcombining decision statistic as a byproduct     

Blind adaptive DS/CDMA receivers for multipath and multiuser environments

This paper proposes several blind adaptive receivers to eliminate multiple-access interference (MAI), intersymbol interference (ISI), and interchip interference (ICI) in direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS/CDMA) downlink multiuser systems. We use the following concepts to formulate the cost function: 1) the variance of the despreading output approaches to the variance of the desired signal and 2) the discreteness property of the input signal. The proposed approaches are called variance-oriented approaches (VOAs). The VOA is then applied to three proposed receiver structures, especially the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) scheme that is generally the concept of spatial domain in beamforming system, to eliminate the MAI by one particular constraint in temporal domain. Besides, by this constraint, GSC filter possesses the property of global convergence in multipath environment once the channel estimation is appropriate. Simulation examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness and comparison of the proposed blind adaptive receivers.     

偏振模色散(PMD)自适应反馈补偿系统

文章报导了对2.5Gbit/s光纤通信系统的偏振模色散(PMD)快速自适应反馈补偿实验系统,该系统补偿55ps群时延所需补偿时间仅为1～2s.     

An adaptive retransmission‐based multipath transmission mechanism for conversational video

Conversational video service is characterized by high bandwidth demand and low delay requirement. Bandwidth and transmission schemes play an important role in providing high‐quality delivery service for point‐to‐point conversational video service. Multipath transmission is regarded as an effective way to aggregate bandwidth. Transmission schemes need to ensure the strict time relation between information entities and to alleviate the negative impact of packet loss on video quality. To achieve this, existing transmission schemes may incur either a large delay or a large amount of duplicated packets that are not suitable for conversational video service. In this paper, we propose an adaptive retransmission mechanism–based multipath transmission (MT‐AR) for conversational video service delivery. MT‐AR takes advantage of historical reception experience to timely detect packet loss with a certain degree of misjudgement. Receiver requests sender to retransmit the lost packet if the lost packet benefits the decoding. Adaptive playout speed adjustment and alternative path retransmission cooperatively optimize the performance of retransmission. Receiver slightly extends playout speed to reserve time for retransmission and accelerates playout speed to alleviate negative impact of cumulative extension. Multiple paths support to conduct retransmission on an optimal path selected from alternative paths to avoid continuous congestion or error on the original path. Finally, we conduct extensive tests to evaluate the performance of MT‐AR. Experimental results show that MT‐AR can effectively improve the quality of experience of conversational video service by retransmission.     

位标器干扰力矩的分析与自适应补偿

干扰力矩做为影响导引头隔离度的重要参数,对制导系统产生了重要影响,在快响应制导系统设计中,要求尽可能降低干扰力矩的影响。针对干扰力矩的非线性、非定常特性,位标器稳定平台建模误差以及制导回路约束,提出干扰力矩自适应补偿控制方法。设计思路为:由制导精度分析,得到隔离度的频带约束;通过状态滤波及制导指令中引入非破坏性抖动信号,估计干扰力矩的主导项:滚动摩擦力矩;然后,运用带通滤波、状态反馈方法补偿非期望的干扰力矩。仿真结果表明:在参数摄动条件下,滚动摩擦力矩系数估值精度、快速性满足要求;提出的自适应补偿设计方法更贴近工程实际,能够用于解决寄生耦合影响严重的问题。     

Robust cyclic adaptive beamforming using a compensation method

This paper deals with the problem of robust adaptive array beamforming using signal cyclostationarity. The constrained cyclic adaptive beamforming (C-CAB) algorithm presented by Wu and Wong (1996) [6] has been shown to be effective in performing adaptive beamforming without requiring the direction vector or the waveform of the desired signal. However, this algorithm suffers from severe performance degradation even if there is a small mismatch in the cycle frequency of the desired signal. In this paper, we first evaluate the performance degradation of the C-CAB algorithm in the presence of cycle frequency error (CFE). A novel compensation method in conjunction with the subspace projection is then proposed to tackle the problem due to CFE. We reconstruct the required cyclic conjugate correlation matrix by using a compensation matrix to cope with the deterioration of its dominant singular value when CFE exists. Finally, several simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

An adaptive approach for designing phase compensation filters

The objective of this communication is to introduce an adaptive method for designing filters to compensate for nonlinear phase shift introduced into a data stream by fixed (i.e., nonadaptive) recursive digital filters, e.g., those obtained via the bilinear transform.     

基于自适应补偿的电子稳像方法

基于车载的光电系统在采集图像的过程中,载车的随机振动会导致视频序列发生抖动,需要通过稳像技术来消除。为解决传统电子稳像方法中存在帧间跳变、机械性选择参考帧,以及边缘信息丢失的问题,提出了一种基于自适应补偿的电子稳像方法。首先,自适应地更新参考帧,后续帧与更新的参考帧进行特征点的提取和匹配,并通过参数迭代方法求解相对于第1帧的全局运动参数;然后,区分不同的全局运动参数:旋转角度、水平、垂直方向的偏移量,并通过运动滤波从全局运动参数中分离出扫描运动,补偿随机抖动;最后,采用后向映射方式实现运动补偿,并运用图像镶嵌,即利用参考基准帧的信息对校正后图像的边缘信息进行补偿。实验结果表明:稳像后视频序列有很好的视觉稳定效果,且提高了峰值信噪比(PSNR)和帧间变换保真度(ITF)。本文的方法具有很好的鲁棒性,在不同的视频场景下都可以实现稳像,可以满足稳像的精度要求。     

Real-time static deflection compensation of an LCD glass-handling robot

Progress in the LCD industries has been very rapid and the demand for large LCD panel has also been increasing. Therefore, LCD device makers have invested in manufacturing line which uses larger mother glasses than before. As the size of mother glass is larger, LCD glass-handling robots also get larger. The large robot causes unavoidable static deflection of the arm inherently. This static deflection should be compensated to stack maximum mother glasses on the given footprint. This paper presents a novel static deflection compensation algorithm. This algorithm does not need any measurement instrument and additional vertical axis on the robot. It can be realized by robot controller software only. The forward and inverse kinematics considering compensation always guarantee a unique solution, so that the proposed algorithm can be applied to an arbitrary robot position. The proposed algorithm reduces static deflection by 40% in stationary robot state experiment. Furthermore, when the robot arm moves with the maximum speed, static deflection compensation improves vertical path accuracy up to 60%. This algorithm has been commercialized and applied to the 7th generation LCD glass-handling robot.