小波变换在高分辨率层序地层划分中的应用

以松辽盆地北部西斜坡地区杜432井中部含油组合层序地层划分为例,分析一维连续小波变换在高分辨率层序划分中的适用性。通过对GR测井曲线进行Morlet小波变换,将测井曲线信号与深度的关系转换为深度与尺度域的变化关系,得到不同尺度上的小波系数曲线,然后建立最佳尺度因子下的小波系数曲线的周期性振荡特征与各级层序界面的对应关系,最终将最佳尺度因子下的小波系数曲线用于层序的识别与划分。并将小波变换划分的层序与人工标定的结果进行比较,结果表明：最佳尺度因子下的小波系数曲线能准确识别出各级层序的界面,且划分结果比人工标定更精细、更客观、更有效。因此利用小波变换进行层序地层划分为高分辨率层序地层学研究了提供一条新的途径。     

测井曲线小波变换在层序地层划分中的应用

本文介绍了小波变换的基本原理,探讨了测井曲线小波变换在层序地层划分中的应用。选取GR和SP曲线进行连续小波变换和多尺度分析,能够有效识别出各级层序界面,与传统方法所划分的界面基本一致。     

小波分析在徐家围子层序地层划分中的应用

首先探讨了小波变换的基本原理,然后分析了小波分析多尺度因子思想和地层层序变化相一致,从而讨论了划分地层层序的地质依据。对优选的自然伽马测井曲线进行小波变换处理,得到时频图像。利用小波分析多尺度因子思想,再结合地质资料得到恰当的小波系数曲线,划分出研究区不同级别的地层层序。最后总结了本研究地区层序地层的小波变化特征,从而为实现本地区层序地层划分供了一种可行的方法。     

方正断陷古近系新安村组层序地层模式

应用层序地层学原理,通过地震剖面、电测曲线、岩石类型组合等层序地层界面划分标志,将方正断陷古近系新安村组划分为两个三级层序。方正断陷三维区发育一条贯穿南北的伊汉通断层,断层以东新安村组层序发育不完整,伊汉通断层以西发育较为完整。     

INPEFA技术在准中2、4区块侏罗系层序地层研究中的应用

利用测井频谱属性趋势分析技术(INPEFA)对准噶尔盆地中部(下文以准中代替)2、4区块侏罗系进行了层序地层研究。通过单井INPEFA曲线分析,识别曲线拐点并划分出不同级次的层序界面。与传统的地质分析方法相比,提高了测井资料的分辨率以及识别精度。利用INPEFA曲线趋势对应的沉积旋回性,结合GR瞬时余弦属性分析,对三级层序内部的结构进行了划分,研究成果与利用其它地质方法得到的成果进行相互验证,应用效果较好。     

东营凹陷深层层序地层学研究

针对岩石地层划分中存在穿时现象这一问题,本文利用地震资料结合地质资料,建立了东营凹陷深层孔店组和沙四段层序界面识别方法,成功地进行了层序地层划分和体系域划分,并结合东营凹陷复杂的构造沉积特征,提出了构造坡折型和斜坡型两种层序地层模式,深化了该地区进一步开展深层勘探的地质认识。     

基于MATLAB的小波变换在测井层序划分中的应用——以济阳坳陷为例

探讨了基于MATLAB软件的小波变换应用程序用于济阳坳陷yi136测井层序划分的一种方法。测井曲线经过小波变换处理后使其中的频率结构暴露无遗,并可探测到各个频率段之间的突变点或突变区域,这反映地质上形成环境的突变,是一种界面的响应可与各级层序分界面建立一定对应关系,可以作为测井层序分析的依据。而MATLAB（矩阵实验室）功能强大,编写小波变换的应用程序显得比较简单高效。以济阳坳陷yi136井为例,对测井数据,进行了连续小波变换,提取小波变换系数的时频色谱信息,对石炭二叠纪地层测井层序,准层序进行了划分。这些探索为地层层序的划分提供了一种新的思路和有效途径。     

四川盆地东北部赵家湾地区飞仙关组地层层序划分

运用层序地层学原理与方法,在应用单井电测曲线、岩性的基础上,对川东北赵家湾地区进行地层层序研究,识别出海平面升降界面,以沉积旋回表示,共识别出6个四级旋回,在层序划分的基础上建立起地层层序格架,通过对各旋回岩性厚度、地层后的的研究,细致划分了研究区内沉积相的展布与演化。     

层序地层划分方法研究——以临南洼陷沙四上为例

层序界面的识别是层序划分的基础和关键。本文以临南洼陷沙四上层序划分为例探究了层序划分方法-地震层序划分、岩性识别划分、电测曲线识别、声波时差测井识别及声波时差曲线和电阻率曲线叠合法。并据此建立了临南洼陷沙四上层序地层格架。     

北大港沙一段高精度层序地层学研究

在北大港地区沙一段的层序地层学研究中,根据地震剖面同相轴的削截、上超和下超等地震反射类型识别层序界面,结合岩性旋回、测井曲线突变等标识识别层序界面,并在联井剖面上进行对比、标定,采用经典层序地层学中的层序、准层序概念,划分了五级层序界面。在体系域的划分上,则强调了湖盆层序成因的自身特点,划分低位体系域(LST)、湖扩体系域(EST)和高位体系域(HST)。识别出的8个层序界面划分为3个二级界面和5个三级界面,沙一下层序划分为3个体系域、9个准层序组、20个准层序。     

Modeling the Heat Transfer during Log Heating

As one of the most commonly planted species in China, Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) logs are potentially used for structural poles and piles. Because phytosanitary regulations require that logs be heat-treated before delivery to customers (log core temperature of 56°C for 30 min), interest has recently arisen in the determination of the time required to reach this criterion. In this study, 12 logs were heat-treated in a laboratory drying kiln with two types of schedules. Using partial differential energy and mass conservation equations with gradient boundary conditions, the temperature increase in a log during heating was simulated. The boundary value problem of heat and mass transfer was solved using a numerical method, namely, a control volume approach. Results from the comparison between the observed and calculated temperatures indicated that the heat transfer performance during log heating can be described with this heating model. This model might therefore serve as a guideline for estimating the log heating times, assisting mill personnel in production planning. In addition, based on the experimental and calculated findings, it was well established that the log diameter, initial moisture content, wood density, and wet bulb temperature depression played significant roles in the heating rate during the heat treatment of logs.     

七里村油田薄油层测井识别技术研究

针对常规测井曲线纵向分辨率不高,对薄油层的响应值不准确,导致薄油层漏失解释,同时非常规的高分辨率测井系列成本高等问题,本文基于薄层对常规测井响应特征影响分析,确定薄层敏感测井曲线,综合沃尔什反演法、分辨率匹配法、傅立叶频谱法多种提高常规测井曲线纵向分辨率方法,优选出最佳方法,结果表明：傅立叶频谱法处理后的测井曲线能够有效地反映地层的真实信息,通过测井曲线纵向分辨率提高处理以后,砂体划分精度明显比原结论更加精细,测井解释结论更加准确,对全区的开发和储量接替都起到了良好的作用。     

AN APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS FOR THERMAL CONVECTION WITH APPLICATION TO VERTICAL ANNULUS

An approximate analysis based upon the matching of boundary layer solutions for the hot and cold walls through an approximate core temperature, is presented for the free convective heat transfer in an enclosure of complex geometry filled with either a Newtonian fluid or a saturated porous medium. The method has been applied to obtain the heat transfer rates for a vertical porous annulus, and is observed to make reasonably accurate predictions regarding the effects of the governing parameters.     

一种分步匹配的换热网络优化方法

针对复杂换热网络全局优化中可操作性、优化效率与优化质量三者间的矛盾问题,基于换热网络优化中的最佳温位匹配的原则,提出了一种复杂换热网络分步优化方法。该方法将复杂的网络集成问题分解为以冷(热)流体数目为基础的多个单一流体匹配优化的子问题,以最优匹配优选的原则进行网络结构的分步生成,最终获得网络的总体结构。结果表明,以优选匹配的换热网络结构优化结果优于焓差匹配、温位匹配的结果,匹配的原则中,优选匹配要作为首选的匹配原则,可以避免前两种匹配原则上的匹配失当,该方法极大地提高了复杂换热网络优化的可操作性,优选匹配顺序使得分步优化能够取得更高的质量。     

A non-Gaussian pattern matching based dynamic process monitoring approach and its application to cryogenic air separation process

Principal component analysis (PCA) based pattern matching methods have been applied to process monitoring and fault detection. However, the conventional pattern matching approaches do not specifically take into account the non-Gaussian dynamic features in chemical processes. Furthermore, those techniques are more focused on fault detection instead of fault diagnosis. In this study, a non-Gaussian pattern matching based fault detection and diagnosis method is developed and applied to monitor cryogenic air separation process. First, independent component analysis (ICA) models are built on the normal benchmark and monitored data sets along sliding windows. The IC subspaces from the benchmark and monitored data are then extracted to evaluate the non-Gaussian patterns and detect process faults through a mutual information based dissimilarity index. Further, a difference subspace between the two IC subspaces is computed to characterize the divergence of the dynamic and non-Gaussian patterns between the benchmark and monitored data. Subsequently, the mutual information between the IC difference subspace and each process variable direction is defined as a new non-Gaussian contribution index for fault identification and diagnosis. The presented approach is applied to a simulated cryogenic air separation plant and the monitoring results are compared against those of PCA based pattern matching techniques and ICA based monitoring method. The application study demonstrates that the developed non-Gaussian pattern matching approach can effectively monitor the complex air separation process with superior fault detection and diagnosis capability.     

酸性染料的剖析复配及性能测试

该文采用薄层分析的方法,对酸性尼龙专用染料进行剖析及分析,通过尼龙染色和仪器测色、配色,确定混合染料的组分和配比,并进行各染色性能的对比,确定复配的最终可行性。     

Kinetic parameter estimation of HDPE slurry process from molecular weight distribution: Estimability analysis and multistep methodology

This study addresses kinetic parameter estimation for a high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) slurry process based on fitting molecular weight distributions (MWDs). From the process model, we conduct an estimability analysis by assessing the relative sensitivity between output variables and kinetic parameters as well as confidence intervals. This determines which parameters can be estimated. Conversely, a major challenge remains with the solution of an ill‐conditioned parameter estimation problem with MWD as the output variable. To overcome the convergence difficulties with the associated problem, we develop a novel multistep methodology where we first obtain MWD parameters by matching to data and then estimate kinetic parameters by matching to the regressed MWD parameters. Computational results and eigenvalue analysis show this multistep methodology separates an ill‐conditioned problem into two well‐conditioned subproblems. Moreover, we consider simulation‐based and industrial HDPE case studies. These results demonstrate the applicability, potential, and efficiency of this solution procedure. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3442–3459, 2014     

海拉尔盆地乌东斜坡带南一段油水分布规律研究

本文通过对乌东斜坡带上的探井及开发井的试油、射孔、测井等资料的研究,对该带主力产油层位南一段的油水分布有了系统的了解。通过对油水分布起控制因素的断裂和砂体匹配关系的分析,得到了两条规律性的认识,即纵向上由北往南含油层位逐渐变深;平面上,自北而南含油性呈现＂好-差-好-差＂的规律。因此,搞清楚油水分布对进一步的开发部署有重要的指导意义。     

A theory of unique hues and colour categories in the human colour vision

A novel approach to assessing colour appearance is described. It is based on a new technique—partial hue‐matching—which allows for measuring colour in terms of component hues objectively, without resorting to verbal definitions. The new method is believed to have a potential to be as exact as colorimetric techniques. In contrast to classical colour matching, which implies visual equivalence of lights, partial hue‐matching is based on judgements of whether two lights that are different in colour have some hue in common. The major difference between classical colour matching and partial hue‐matching is that the latter is intransitive, whereas the former is generally believed to be transitive (though see Logvinenko, Symposium on 75 years of the CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer, Vienna, Austria, 2006). Formally, partial hue‐matching can be described as a reflexive and symmetric binary relation (i.e., tolerance). The theoretical framework of tolerance spaces is used for developing a theory of partial hue‐matching. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011     

How temporal cues can aid colour constancy

Colour constancy assessed by asymmetric simultaneous colour matching usually reveals limited levels of performance in the unadapted eye. Yet observers can readily discriminate illuminant changes on a scene from changes in the spectral reflectances of the surfaces making up the scene. This ability is probably based on judgements of relational colour constancy, in turn based on the physical stability of spatial ratios of cone excitations under illuminant changes. Evidence is presented suggesting that the ability to detect violations in relational colour constancy depends on temporal transient cues. Because colour constancy and relational colour constancy are closely connected, it should be possible to improve estimates of colour constancy by introducing similar transient cues into the matching task. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was performed in which observers made surface-colour matches between patterns presented in the same position in an alternating sequence with period 2 s or, as a control, presented simultaneously, side-by-side. The degree of constancy was significantly higher for sequential presentation, reaching 87% for matches averaged over 20 observers. Temporal cues may offer a useful source of information for making colour-constancy judgements.