一种基于小波的多边形变形算法

文章提出了一种基于小波分解算法和相应的重构算法的变形方法。先用小波分解算法作用于平面多边形,得到平面多边形的轮廓和细节。然后分别对多边形的轮廓和细节进行变形,得到从初始图形变换到目标图形的中间图形的轮廓和细节。最后用重构算法重构出中间图形。该文算法可以处理任意顶点数的多边形,减少同构三角剖分的计算量,并且能够得到很好的变形结果。     

改进的基于mean value重心坐标的多边形变形

对平面多边形的变形,为了避免变形过程中边界的退化和自交现象,目前主要采用将初始多边形与目标多边形分别嵌入到具有凸边界的同构三角网格中去,转化成三角网格的变形问题。但该方法在进行同构三角剖分时,增加的额外点数目较多,复杂度高,且不能实现刚性变形。论文提出一种基于多边形星形分解的同构三角网格剖分算法,使用较少的额外点,降低了算法复杂度。此外,文中选择正多边形作为三角网格的边界,并采用刚体变形技术以保持初始多边形和目标多边形尽可能刚性地变形,取得了较好的变形效果。     

基于边角插值法的图形渐变避免自交算法研究

提出了一种新的算法,该算法根据图形渐变序列中出现的局部自交点,先判断出这些点的位置并计算出自交区域所占整个图形面积的比例,根据设定的阈值,采用合理的微调整算法,在尽可能保持源图形形态的基础上,将自交点剔除,达到渐变序列中图形全部为简单多边形的目的。结果表明提出的算法能够很好地将图形渐变中的自交点剔除,实现比单独采用边角插值法更理想的图形渐变效果。     

基于骨架提取特征的可控渐变算法

提出了一种基于视觉特征的渐变算法,通过图像骨架确立特征点,进而对图形进行同构特征分解。采用可控制子多边形边角插值,通过轮廓多边形渐变控制子多边形渐变,用户也可以通过控制轮廓插值交互控制渐变过程。实验表明：该算法简单有效,渐变过程自然合理。     

Multiresolution morphing for planar curves

We present a multiresolution morphing algorithm using ``as-rigid-as-possible' shape interpolation combined with an angle-length based multiresolution decomposition of simple 2D piecewise curves. This novel multiresolution representation is defined intrinsically and has the advantage that the details' orientation follows any deformation naturally. The multiresolution morphing algorithm consists of transforming separately the coarse and detail coefficients of the multiresolution decomposition. Thus all LoD (level of detail) applications like LoD display, compression, LoD editing etc. can be applied directly to all morphs without any extra computation. Furthermore, the algorithm can robustly morph between very large size polygons with many local details as illustrated in numerous figures. The intermediate morphs behave natural and least-distorting due to the particular intrinsic multiresolution representation.     

可控制的同构平面三角网格的保凸变形

对于具有不同凸边界的同构平面三角网格的变形,提出了一种简单易行且允许人工参与的算法。算法在保证网格边界在变形过程中始终保持凸性,且中间网格与初末网格同构的基础上,提供了可调参数,从而在一定程度上实现了用户对变形过程的人为控制。     

基于三角形分解和重构的平面多边形变形方法

为解决较复杂的不同拓扑结构的二维形状渐变问题,提出一种基于三角形分解和重构的平面多边形变形方法.该方法将图形多层分解为三角形,保留分解过程中的各层边角信息;然后通过线性插值各层边长比例及角度,并结合刚性变换方法重构中间多边形的细节和框架,以达到变形的目的.该方法适用于任意点数的多边形,具有一般性.实验结果表明,文中方法能很好地解决变形序列中的萎缩问题,并且对较复杂的狭长图形也能避免自交现象,变形效果自然.     

同构平面三角网格的保凸变形方法

对于具有不同凸边界的同构平面三角网格的变形,提出了一种简单、有效的方法．该方法结合了两种已有的算法．能够保证网格边界在变形过程中始终保持凸性,且任意时刻的中间网格与初末网格同构,即不产生自交现象;同时文中方法实现了两个凸多边形的保凸变形。     

Homotopic Morphing of Planar Curves

This paper presents an algorithm for morphing between closed, planar piecewise‐C¹ curves. The morph is guaranteed to be a regular homotopy, meaning that pinching will not occur in the intermediate curves. The algorithm is based on a novel convex characterization of the space of regular closed curves and a suitable symmetric length‐deviation energy. The intermediate curves constructed by the morphing algorithm are guaranteed to be regular due to the convexity and feasibility of the problem. We show that our method compares favorably with standard curve morphing techniques, and that these methods sometimes fail to produce a regular homotopy, and as a result produce an undesirable morph. We explore several applications and extensions of our approach, including morphing networks of curves with simple connectivity, morphing of curves with different turning numbers with minimal pinching, convex combination of several curves, and homotopic morphing of b‐spline curves via their control polygon.     

Mobility culling: an efficient rendering algorithm using temporal coherence

Interactive display of complex scenes is a challenging problem in computer graphics. Such current approaches as z‐buffer, level of detail and visibility culling have not fully used the temporal coherence between consecutive frames. When the viewing condition is fixed, the color and depth values of static polygons can be obtained from the result of the previous frame and only the remaining dynamic polygons require rendering. We present a method that enhances the speed of the conventional z‐buffer algorithm by exploiting the above temporal coherence. This algorithm is simple to combine with existing graphics hardware that supports the conventional z‐buffer algorithm. It can manipulate any scene suitable for the z‐buffer algorithm without preprocessing or human intervention. The rendering time is proportional to the number of dynamic polygons in each frame. Experimental results show that our method is faster than the conventional z‐buffer algorithm and the performance enhancement becomes higher as the fraction of static polygons increases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

保内部相似性的平面形状混合算法

为了在计算机动画中可以得到较好的图形过渡效果,提出了一保持平面多边形内部相似性的形状混合算法,从而有效地避免了中间多边形发生局部萎缩或者膨胀的现象.此方法从源和目标多边形的同构三角剖分出发,对同构三角网格每一个夹角处表示边角关系的几何量线性插值得到相对应的中间几何量,通过这些中间几何量以及它们与顶点坐标之间的关系来建立线性方程组,给定初始条件后用现成的程序库快速求解来得到中间三角网格(其边界即为中间多边形).还通过引入特征多边形来保持混合多边形的全局视觉特征.该算法计算量小、运行效率高,对形状复杂的多边形仍然可以得到满意的结果,适合于实际应用中实时的要求.     

多特征融合的图像自动变形

目的 图像变形算法中特征基元提取和匹配方式大部分都是采用人机交互的方式进行,并且在遮挡区域变形时出现较多的鬼影和模糊现象,使得针对同一场景图像变形实现繁琐且效果不佳,针对这些问题提出一种基于多特征融合的自动图像变形算法。方法 该算法提取多种图像特征信息（如Surf特征算子、Harris算子、Canny算子等）并进行多特征融合匹配,得到一个分布适当且对应关系正确的三角网格,再结合图像变形,实现自动图像插值。结果 实验结果显示,自动的提取特征基元有效地减少了人工操作,而多特征融合匹配有效地抑制了图像变形时边缘或遮挡区域鬼影的产生。结论 提出的融合匹配方法,将不同的特征信息有效地融合匹配从而改善了图像变形算法。通过对多组实验结果进行问卷调查,91%的参与者认为该算法有效地改进图像变形结果。     

Industrial strength polygon clipping: A novel algorithm with applications in VLSI CAD

We present an algorithm to compute the topology and geometry of an arbitrary number of polygon sets in the plane, also known as the map overlay. This algorithm can perform polygon clipping and related operations of interest in VLSI CAD. The algorithm requires no preconditions from input polygons and satisfies a strict set of post conditions suitable for immediate processing of output polygons by downstream tools. The algorithm uses sweepline to compute a Riemann–Stieltjes integral over polygon overlaps in O((n+s)log(n)) time given n polygon edges with s intersections. The algorithm is efficient and general, handling degenerate inputs implicitly. Particular care was taken in implementing the algorithm to ensure numerical robustness without sacrificing efficiency. We present performance comparisons with other polygon clipping algorithms and give examples of real world applications of our algorithm in an industrial software setting.     

基于形状特征的可避免自交的平面多边形变形

给出了平面简单多边形的一种基于形状特征的可避免自交的变形方法。该方法将初始和目标多边形分别嵌入到以其放大的凸包边界为边界的同构平面三角网格中,通过采用对所嵌入的同构网格进行变形的方法,实现了平面多边形的变形。与已有的Surazhsky和Gotsman的方法相比,该方法考虑了初始和目标多边形的几何轮廓及其差异性,故变形过程更加自然,而且在网格剖分时使用了更少的额外顶点,因而提高了算法速度。     

圆弧路径法，一种新的多边形变形方法

二维形状变形技术在二维角色动画、模式匹配、几何造型、虚拟现实、工业模拟、科学计算可视化等领域有着重要的应用。本文提出了一种顶点路径圆弧法的二维形状变形新方法。该算法通过控制关键帧多边形顶点按照一条特殊的圆弧曲线路径进行运动，实现二维形状变形。通过许多实例的测试表明，该算法效果良好：不仅可以保持首末关键帧形状的共同特征，而且中间插值形状变化自然平滑。同时，我们的方法易于用户交互控制；容易推广到高维情形；计算量较小、能达到系统实时的要求。     

2D shape morphing via automatic feature matching and hierarchical interpolation

The paper presents a new method to interpolate a pair of 2D shapes that are represented by piecewise linear curves. The method addresses two key problems in 2D shape morphing process: feature correspondence and path interpolation. First, a robust feature metric is defined to measure the similarity of a pair of 2D shapes in terms of visual appearance, orientation and relative size. Based on the metric, an optimal problem is defined and solved to associate the features on the source shape with the corresponding ones on the target shape. Then, a two-level hierarchical approach is proposed to solve the corresponding features interpolation trajectory problem. The algorithm decomposes the input shapes into a pair of corresponding coarse polygons and several pairs of corresponding features. Then the corresponding coarse polygons are interpolated in an as-rigid-as-possible plausible way; meanwhile the corresponding features are interpolated using the intrinsic method. Thus interior distortions of the intermediate shapes could be avoided and the feature details on the input shapes could be well preserved. Experimental results show that the method can generate smooth, natural and visually pleasing 2D shape morphing effects.     

On partitioning rectilinear polygons into star-shaped polygons

We present an algorithm for finding optimum partitions of simple monotone rectilinear polygons into star-shaped polygons. The algorithm may introduce Steiner points and its time complexity isO(n), wheren is the number of vertices in the polygon. We then use this algorithm to obtain anO(n logn) approximation algorithm for partitioning simple rectilinear polygons into star-shaped polygons with the size of the partition being at most six times the optimum.     

On partitioning rectilinear polygons into star-shaped polygons

We present an algorithm for finding optimum partitions of simple monotone rectilinear polygons into star-shaped polygons. The algorithm may introduce Steiner points and its time complexity isO(n), wheren is the number of vertices in the polygon. We then use this algorithm to obtain anO(n logn) approximation algorithm for partitioning simple rectilinear polygons into star-shaped polygons with the size of the partition being at most six times the optimum.     

Irregular Polygon Fill Using Contour Encoding

A filling algorithm for irregular polygons is described. This algorithm is oriented towards raster graphics and uses image memories as job areas. The algorithm is based on the encoding of polygon boundaries by contour following so that all topologies are successfully processed. Thus, concave or convex polygons, holed or not, including possibly duplicate points can be filled. It is quite robust and easy to implement. It uses systematic encoding without special cases. Only two bits for encoding are needed and, thereby, it is suitable for hardware implementation. This algorithm can be used in many fields such as image synthesis, 3D objects or mathematical surface displays with hidden parts.     

允许自由旋转的2个简单多边形匹配算法

为了解决二维不规则排料问题中的匹配问题,提出了一种允许自由旋转条件下,2个无孔洞的简单多边形之间的匹配算法.该算法基于2个多边形可以自由旋转的假设,对它们之间NFP为凹或凸的情况,选择适当的匹配方法,找出一种使得其匹配后空隙尽可能小,同时保证其整体的矩形的规整度也较高的匹配方案;并用匹配空隙的利用率、匹配后整体面积的利用率,以及匹配后整体的矩形规整度等多个指标来衡量匹配的效果.实验选择于ESICUP中的部分代表性的多边形样例与多个算法进行对比实验,结果表明,该算法在任意旋转精度的要求下,均具有运行速度快的特点,可以很好地应用于服装排料等实际问题.