高氮不锈钢在模拟PEM燃料电池环境中的电化学性能

以高氮不锈钢为研究对象,304不锈钢作对比,在模拟PEM燃料电池环境中测试二者的极化曲线和交流阻抗,运用相关软件分析曲线和数据。实验结果表明：高氮不锈钢的自腐蚀电流密度和维钝电流密度分别比304不锈钢低21.7%和24.5%,说明高氮不锈钢比304不锈钢有更好的耐腐蚀性;高氮不锈钢的电荷转移电阻比304不锈钢高2.43×103倍,而且高氮不锈钢的弥散指数(N= 0.899 4)比304不锈钢的弥散指数(N = 0.844 5)更接近1,这表明高氮不锈钢的钝化膜比304不锈钢的厚而且光滑。     

氯化浸出铅阳极泥回收金的研究

试验对湿法处理铅阳极泥回收金进行了研疣．实验结果表明：铜的浸出是酸浸除杂的主要影响因素,在温度为65℃,盐酸浓度为2．9moL／L,氯化钠浓度为1．3mol／L,硫酸浓度为0．3mol／L时,铜的浸出率达到92．03％,杂质能有效去除．在氯化浸金的过程中,温度与氯酸钠的用量对金的浸出率影响最大．随着两者的增加,金的浸出率将明显地增加．当温度大于80℃,氯酸钠用量大于料重的12．5％,硫酸浓度为1．5mol／L时,金的浸出率大于98％．     

改性5A分子筛吸附净化PH3的实验研究

为综合利用泥磷制取次磷酸钠反应尾气中的PH3气体,研究了改性5A分子筛吸附净化PH3的相关内容.研究结果表明吸附剂制备过程中较适宜的条件为:改性剂NaCl溶液,改性剂浓度0.3 mol/L,干燥温度110℃,焙烧温度300℃;吸附实验过程中较适宜的气体流速为20 mL/min.     

海参肠道β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的提取条件及其酶学性质

对海参肠道β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的提取条件及酶学性质进行了研究.结果表明,最佳提取条件为:pH6.0的磷酸盐浸提液0.05 mol/L,NaCl浓度为0.05 mol/L,缓冲液体积与海参肠质量之比为4∶1,硫酸铵饱和度为80%;该酶最适反应条件为:温度40℃,pH6.0;该酶在10~40℃,pH5.0~6.5酶活力稳定.Mn2+对酶具有一定的激活作用,Cu2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Ba2+、K+、Ag+对酶存在不同程度的抑制,其中Cu2+对酶的抑制作用最强.     

Effects of Mo Composites on the Corrosion Behaviors of Low Alloy Steel

By using electrochemical and weight loss methods, the effect of MoO42-on the corrosion behaviors of low alloy steel was investigated in the 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution at high temperature. The results show that MoO42 , being an anodic inhibitor, would form a passive film rapidly and impede both anodic and cathodic reactions. Moreover, Na2MoO4 effectively prevents corrosion in 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution when its concentration is higher than 200 mg/L. Some elements of alloy, such as chromium and nickel, may cause the widening of passive potential region and the decrease of passive density, which indicates that the corrosion resistance increases. AES analysis shows that molybdenum participates in forming a protection film. The synergistic effect between chromium and molybdenum induces Cr-steel to be in passive state in lower Na2MoO4 concentration.     

微型流化床中煤焦水蒸气气化反应动力学研究

利用微型流化床反应分析仪研究最小化扩散影响条件下的半焦与水蒸气等温气化反应特性及动力学.在实验温度为750~1 100℃内,缩核模型能很好地描述半焦的气化行为,但低温段(750~950℃)和高温段(950~1 100℃)具有明显不同的反应速率-转化率曲线形状和动力学数据.前者受反应控制,其反应速率在初始反应段有最大值,活化能为172 kJ/mol;后者受反应和扩散共同控制,反应速率在转化率为0.15时达最大值,活化能为82 kJ/mol.实验还考察了水蒸气分压对气化反应的影响,并通过n级速率方程求取水蒸气分压的平均反应级数为0.28.在此基础上,进一步得到低温区和高温区的气化反应速率方程.     

Electroless copper plating process of N, N, N, N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine system with high plating rate

Electroless copper plating process of N, N, N′, N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine(THPED) chelating agent was researched comprehensively. The results indicate that plating rate decreases with the 3H2O has a bad effect on deposits quality, but 2, 2′-dipyridyl and PEG make deposits quality improve greatly. Low concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiozole (2-MBT) increases plating rate and improves deposits quality, but decreases plating rate and worsens deposits quality when 2-MBT reaches 5 mg/L. The optimal conditions of this electroless MBT are 16.8 g/L, 16.0 mL/L, 13.3 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 5.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L, respectively, pH value is 12.75,bath temperature is 30 ℃. Plating rate reaches 9.54 μm/h plating for 30 min in the bath. The SEM images demonstrate that the surface of copper film is smooth and the crystal is fine.     

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels(HNSS) were investigated by electrochemical and immersion testing methods in chloride solution,respectively.The chemical constitution and composition in the depth of passive films formed on HNSS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS).HNSS has excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel.With increasing the nitrogen content in steels,pitting potentials and critical ...     

Electro-oxidation process for molybdenum concentrates

1　INTRODUCTIONRecovery of valuable metals, such as molyb denum, rhenium, and so on, from molybdeniteconstitutes a key issue in the field of chemical engi neering and metallurgy[1 7], which contains 2 mainaspects: one is the high efficiency and short flowclean production technics; the other is the compre hensive recovery of a variety of valuable metals.The traditional roasting processes present seriousproblem of SO2 pollution in fume, especially inmost of s…     

微纳米金属铁粉的燃烧特性试验研究

运用热重分析手段对微纳米尺度金属铁粉燃料的着火和燃烧特性进行了研究.通过不同微米、纳米尺度金属铁粉燃烧过程的热重试验,分析不同粒径金属铁粉的燃烧特性,计算不同微米、纳米尺度金属铁粉在空气中燃烧的着火点、最高燃烧温度和表观活化能.结果表明,30～110nm粒径范围的纳米尺度铁粉的平均着火温度为280℃左右,最高燃烧温度为750～950℃,表观活化能为20～30kJ/mol;2～5μm亚微米级铁粉着火点为380℃,最高燃烧温度为950～990℃,表观活化能为37kJ/mol;而40μm的微米级铁粉着火温度为600℃左右,最高燃烧温度达到1000℃,表观活化能为58kJ/mol.随着颗粒粒径从微米减小到纳米尺度,金属颗粒的比表面积迅速增大,造成TG/DTG曲线上最大增重梯度所对应的反应温度和最高燃烧温度均明显降低,燃烧着火点温度明显降低,表观活化能迅速减小,因此反应活性随粒径的减小迅速提高.     

激光能量对掺铒纳米Si晶薄膜形貌的影响

采用XeCl脉冲准分子激光器,保持激光脉冲比为1:2,分时烧蚀Er靶和高阻抗单晶Si靶。改变激光能量,在真空中沉积了掺Er非晶Si薄膜。在氮气保护下,分别在950℃,1010℃和1100℃温度下进行30min热退火处理,得到掺Er纳米晶Si薄膜。扫描电子显微镜的结果表明,高的退火温度或高的激光能量均会导致迷津结构的形成。     

Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline SnO2 thin film by electrodeposition technique

A novel process for preparing tin oxide thin films directly on copper foil by electrodeposition was developed. An optimal preparation technology to obtain SnO2 thin films was proposed with current density of 8 mA/cm2, the time of deposition of 120 min, the concentration of tin dichloride of 0.02 mol/L and the concentration of dissociated acid of 0.03 mol/L. The phase identification, microstructure and morphology of the thin films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The as-deposited thin film was composed of SnO2·xH2O was obtained by drying at room temperature. Nanocrystalline SnO2 thin film having tetragonal structure with average grain size in the range of 8 to 20 nm and porous, uniform surface was obtained by heat-treating the as-deposited film at 400 ℃ for 2 h. Electrochemical characterization shows that SnO2 film can deliver a discharge capacity of 798 mAh/g and the SnO2 film with smooth surface and annealed at 400 ℃ for 2 h has better cycle performance than that with rough surface and annealed at 150 ℃ for 10 h.     

一种含氮高铬冷轧辊用钢的热变形行为研究

对一种8%Cr冷轧辊用钢在950～1200℃以0.1～10s~（-1）的变形速率进行热压缩变形,通过流变曲线分析、动力学分析及热加工图技术等方法表征其热变形时的力学行为,并对变形后的显微组织进行观察。结果表明：Cr8N钢的加工硬化率和流变应力随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,功率耗散百分数随着Z参数的增大而降低;上述变形条件下Cr8N钢的热变形激活能为542kJ/mol,加工硬化指数为5.25;获得了该钢的热变形方程以及Z参数和峰值应力间的关系。     

Hot deformation behaviors and flow stress model of GCr15 bearing steel

The hot deformation behaviors of GCr15 bearing steel were investigated by isothermal compression tests, performed on a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator at temperatures between 950℃ and 1150℃ and strain rates between 0.1 and 10 s^-1. The peak stress and peak strain as functions of processing parameters were obtained. The dependence of peak stress on strain rate and temperature obeys a hyperbolic sine equation with a Zener-Hollomon parameter. By regression analysis, in the temperature range of 950-1 150℃ and strain rate range of 0.1-10 s^-1, the mean activation energy and the stress exponent were determined to be 351kJ/mol and 4.728, respectively. Meanwhile, models of flow stress and dynamic recrystallization （DRX） grain size were also established. The model predictions show good agreement with experimental results.     

X80和X70管线钢在NaHCO3溶液中钝化膜的电化学性能

采用动电位极化、交流阻抗和电容测量等方法研究了X80和X70管线钢在0．5mol／L NaHCO3溶液中的活化-钝化行为及生成的钝化膜的电化学性能。极化曲线表明,X80和X70钢在-0．16～0．90V发生了钝化,X70钢的雏钝电流密度（ip）约为18．38μA／cm^2,而X80钢的维钝电流密度约为6．76μA／cm^2。交流阻抗表明,X80钢表面生成的钝化膜比X70钢的更加致密,均匀性更好,与原子力显微镜（AFM）的观察结果相吻合。电容测量表明,X80和X70钢在该溶液中表面生成的钝化膜在-0．20～0．80V为n型半导体,且X80钢比X70钢表面钝化膜的施主密度更低,空间电荷层更厚,耐蚀性更好。     

微弧氧化和水热合成在钛基上制备羟基磷灰石

在含有0.04mol/L的磷酸二氢钠和0.01mol/L的醋酸钙电解液中对T i进行微弧氧化,生成含Ca和P很高的氧化膜。氧化膜粗糙多孔。然后,将样品放在220℃的高压釜中进行4h的水热处理,羟基磷灰石晶体在氧化膜表面沉积。用XRD检测氧化膜的晶体结构,用XPS研究氧化膜表面的化学成份,用SEM-EDS观察样品表面形貌。     

榆黄蘑可溶性蛋白的提取及其对羟自由基的清除作用

对榆黄蘑可溶性蛋白的提取工艺进行了研究.首先以蒸馏水、HCl、NaCl、NaOH和磷酸缓冲液等为溶剂,考察了不同提取液对榆黄蘑可溶性蛋白提取率的影响;然后通过单因素实验分别探讨了提取液浓度、提取时间、料液比和提取温度对榆黄蘑可溶性蛋白提取率的影响,并采用正交实验组合设计进一步确定了榆黄蘑可溶性蛋白的最佳提取条件：提取液NaOH的浓度为0.075mol/L,料液比为1∶40,提取温度为50℃,提取时间为2h,在此条件下的提取率为28.14g/100g（榆黄蘑粉）.最后采用邻二氮菲-Fe氧化法测定了榆黄蘑可溶性蛋白对羟自由基的清除作用,发现榆黄蘑可溶性蛋白对羟自由基有较好的清除作用.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2 无机膜的影响因素

以正硅酸乙酯为先驱体, 乙醇为溶剂, 用溶胶-凝胶法在Al₂O₃ 基体上制备了SiO₂ 无机膜, 就pH 、化学添加剂、热处理过程中升温速率、正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的摩尔比对无机膜质量的影响进行了研究。结果表明, pH 影响正硅酸乙酯的聚合速度, 从而直接关系到膜层的质量, pH 为1 .8 时, 凝胶时间最长;加入化学添加剂N , N -二甲基甲酰胺能够防止膜层龟裂;在后续加热过程中, 升温速率是影响膜层质量的主要因素, 控制升温速率应该分为两个阶段, 在210 ℃之前应控制升温速率在0 .5 ℃/ min , 在210 ～ 600 ℃应控制在1 ℃/ min;正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的摩尔比为1∶6.08 时的涂膜周期比1∶13.64 时的涂膜周期短。     

钢筋在碱激发矿渣模拟孔溶液中的钝化及腐蚀性能

采取自腐蚀电位,Mott-Schottky曲线测试技术,研究了钢筋在不同掺量氢氧化钠激发矿渣的模拟孔溶液中钝化膜的生成、钝化膜的半导体性能、氯离子对钝化膜半导体性能的影响、钢筋锈蚀时的临界氯离子浓度。研究结果表明：钢筋在矿渣模拟孔溶液中能生成稳定的钝化膜,但钝化膜的生成时间较长,在18d～26d之间;氢氧化钠激发剂掺量（矿渣质量分数）较低时（2%和4%）,钝化膜具有双极性（n-p型）半导体结构特征;氢氧化钠激发剂掺量较高时（6%、8%和10%）,钝化膜具有三极性（p-n-p型）半导体结构特征;钝化膜的耐氯离子腐蚀能力随着氢氧化钠激发剂掺量的增加而增强,当氢氧化钠掺量≥6%时,钢筋耐氯离子腐蚀能力好于硅酸盐水泥对比组。其中氢氧化钠掺量为10%时,临界氯离子浓度为0.11 mol/L,而硅酸盐水泥对比组的临界氯离子浓度仅为0.03 mol/L。     

NaCl盐度对SBR工艺短程硝化反硝化的影响

利用序批式活性污泥反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)研究了NaCl盐度、水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)和进水负荷对短程硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,在pH、温度和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)质量浓度分别为7.5～8.5、30～35℃和0.5～1 mg/L的条件下,当NaCl盐度、进水化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)和氨氮质量浓度分别为5.8～25.0 g/L、450～550 mg/L和35～45 mg/L时,NO2--N累积率大于50%.在NaCl盐度14.5 g/L的条件下,当HRT为6.21 h,进水中每天1 kg悬浮物中所含的CDD和氨氮量分别为5.03×10-2和2.24×10-3kg时,亚硝酸盐累积率高于99%.高盐环境下控制HRT、有机负荷与氨氮负荷可实现短程硝化反硝化,实现短程硝化的耐盐极限为25 g/L.