黄铜应力腐蚀敏感性及其与脱Zn层拉应力的对应性

测量了不同极化电位下,Ｈ６２黄铜在氨水溶液腐蚀过程中表面脱Ｚｎ蔬松层引起的拉应力,并用单边缺口试样测量的不同极化电位下的应力腐蚀敏感性,结果表明：黄铜在氨水中自然腐蚀时,在脱Ｚｎ层界面会产生 大的拉应力,整个试样的平均应力为σ＝１８．１ＭＰａ;阳极极化使表面拉应力略有下降,阴极极化则使疏松层引起的拉应力急剧下降乃至为零,阴极极化在表层产生镀Ｃｕ层后出现尖力;应力腐蚀敏感性随外加电位的变化规律和疏松     

氢促进黄铜应力腐蚀及升高脱锌层应力的一致性

黄铜在氨水中腐蚀或应力腐蚀时表面形成脱锌层，它会产生一个会加拉应力，用挠度法和和流和差值法测量了不同氢浓度试样的脱锌层所引起的附加应力，也研究了不同氢浓度试样在氨水中的应力腐蚀敏感性，慢应变速率拉伸表明，黄铜不显示氢脆，但在氨水中显示极高的应力腐蚀敏感性（ISCC），它随试样中氢浓度（C0）升高而升高，脱锌层拉应力σp也随试样中氢浓度的升高而升高，实验表明，应力腐蚀敏感性随氢浓度的变化和脱锌层拉应力随氢浓度的变化相一致。     

Hydrogen-increased dezincification layer-induced stress and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of brass

1　INTRODUCTIONDuringstresscorrosioncracking (SCC )con trolledbyanodicdissolution ,apassivefilmordezinci ficationlayerformsonthesurface[1] .Experimentalresultsexhibitedthatafoilofα Tiorbrasswithoneendfixedandanothersideprotectedwithaprotectivelayerformedonitwasconcaveduringcorrosioninamethanolandanammoniasolutions ,respective ly[2 ,3] .Thismeansthatatensilestressexistsontheinterfacebetweenthepassivefilmordezincificationlayerandthematrix [2 ,3] .Extensiveexperimentsshowedthatthedependenc…     

氢对黄铜脱锌层引起拉应力的影响

黄铜表面在氨水中腐蚀或应力腐蚀时形成脱锌层 ,由此产生一个附加拉应力。实验结果表明 ,脱锌层拉应力σp 随黄铜试样中氢含量w(H)的升高而线性升高 ,即σp/MPa =13.2 5 .2× 10 -6w(H)。黄铜中的氢含量达到 3× 10 -6时 ,可使黄铜在氨水中的应力腐蚀敏感性升高 10 %。氢促进黄铜应力腐蚀的原因是氢含量的增大会引起脱锌层拉应力的增大。     

Spannungsrißkorrosion an Kupferlegierungen

Stress-corrosion cracking of copper alloys Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs if three factors are simultaneously present: a susceptible material, a specific corrosive medium, and tensile stresses. All copper alloys and copper itself are susceptible to SCC – but in a different extend. The most susceptible alloys are brasses with copper contents below 80%. For a long time only ammonia and its derivatives were considered to cause SCC of copper alloys. Only in recent years other mediums have been reported to produce SCC – especially nitrites. With the exception of some rare SCC-cases of copper and zinc-free copper alloys SCC-failures of brasses prove the highest importance in practice. This is due to the high susceptibility and the large use of brass. Besides clear failures by ammonia and nitrite increasing cases of SCC influenced by outdoor environment - mainly industrial or urban atmosphere - can be stated. The reason could be the general atmospheric pollution by sulphur and nitrogen oxides. Failures of this kind may appear after long times of service - e.g. after several years. The risk of SCC can be reduced by minimizing tensile stresses or by choosing other materials than brass.     

Stress corrosion cracking and selective corrosion of copper-zinc alloys for the drinking water installation

Despite a generally good corrosion resistance to tap and industrial water, many brass taps and fittings have failed in the past by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and selective corrosion (dezincification or preferred removal of a phase). The experimental investigations of the present study clarify the influence of the ammonia concentration on the two types of corrosion. Notched specimens made of the alloys CuZn39Pb3, CuZn40Pb2, CuZn37, CuZn36Pb2As and CuZn21Si3P are polarized anodically in pure tap water and tap water with realistic ammonia concentrations (15 and 30 ppm) under a simultaneous mechanical loading condition. The influence of stress and of the third alloying elements lead and arsenic are investigated and evaluated. The experiments show that the ammonia additions significantly increase the risk of dezincification of the α-β-brasses. The arsenic in the CuZn36Pb2As alloy avoids dezincification, but enhances the risk of SCC. The rate of selective corrosion and SCC consistently increases with increase in tensile stress.     

H2S浓度对35CrMo钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

用电化学技术研究了35CrMo钢在含有不同浓度H₂S溶液中的腐蚀行为,通过慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了35CrMo钢在不同浓度H₂S介质中的应力腐蚀开裂 (SCC) 行为与机理。结果表明：35CrMo钢在pH值为5的H₂S环境下存在SCC敏感性,H₂S浓度升高,SCC敏感性增加,H₂S浓度为200 mg/L时有明显的SCC敏感性。H₂S浓度达到200 mg/L时,能明显促进35CrMo钢腐蚀电化学过程进行。在pH值为5的H₂S环境下,35CrMo钢的SCC机制是以氢脆 (HE) 为主,阳极溶解(AD)为辅的协同机制。     

X70钢焊接接头在近中性溶液中应力腐蚀行为研究

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜以及电化学测量技术研究了X70管线钢焊接接头在近中性模拟土壤溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明,断口和柱面SCC裂纹均发生在热影响区(HAZ)。在试验溶液中,随着外加极化电位降低管线钢SCC敏感性增强,电位负移到一定电位值后,SCC敏感性减弱;随着溶液pH值降低,腐蚀速率增大,敏感电位区间负移。施加阴极电位时,在试样断口观察到明显的准解理脆断特征,断口和柱面有穿晶SCC裂纹。分析了焊接接头试样HAZ的SCC机理,在试验介质中,管线钢应力腐蚀开裂主要受阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种机理的联合作用,适当的电位可以使阳极溶解和氢致开裂的联合作用达到最大,从而造成较严重的应力腐蚀开裂。     

Two distinct fracture modes of copper alloys in fluoride environments

The susceptibility of aluminum brass and aluminum bronze to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was evaluated in fluoride environments by means of the slow strain rate technique. The effects of fluoride concentration and applied electrochemical potential on the SCC susceptibility were investigated. The SCC mechanism of aluminum brass was found to be dependent upon the de-alloying phenomenon while that of aluminum bronze on the film-rupture mechanism occurring within a certain range of applied electrochemical potentials. For aluminum brass, both the stress ratio and the time-to-fracture ratio were closely related to the logarithmic concentration of F⁻ ions. The fracture modes were ductile dimpled tearing fracture for the aluminum brass at the corrosion potential while intergranular for the aluminum bronze at various anodic potentials. The micro-galvanic effects of the constituent elements were used to estimate the anodic equilibrium potentials of the two alloys.     

Factors influencing the susceptibility to intergranular attack,stress corrosion cracking and de-alloying attack of aluminium brass

The occurrence and the severity of intergranular attack (IGA), stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and de-alloying attack in Al brass alloys have been investigated in an acidic chloride-citrate solution. Tests performed on laboratory prepared alloys, in which As and P additions were made in order to cover the whole composition range admitted by various national specifications indicated that the susceptibility to the different forms of localized corrosion, is mainly related to the As and P contents and it can be markedly influenced by tempering treatments and by cold-working. The optimum corrosion performances of Al brass are displayed by alloys containing As in the 0.01–0.04% range and P ? 0.0025%.     

预蠕变对奥氏体不锈钢和黄铜应力腐蚀的影响

用恒载荷和恒位移试样分别研究了预蠕变对奥氏体不锈钢在成膜(42%MgCl_2)和不成膜(0.5mol/L HCl+0.5mol/L NaCl)溶液,以及黄铜在氨水溶液中应力腐蚀的影响结果表明,如用恒载荷试样,则无论是不锈钢还是黄铜,预蠕变对应力腐蚀断裂时间和门槛值均没有影响;如用恒位移试样,则预蠕变能使不锈钢和黄铜应力腐蚀门槛值成倍提高黄铜在氨水中加载阴极保护足够长时间后能抑制随后开路条件下的应力腐蚀,这归因于阴极极化改变溶液成分和pH值,而不是预蠕变的影响     

316L 不锈钢在高 pH 碱性硫化物环境中的应力腐蚀行为

目的研究316L不锈钢在碱性硫化物溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,为其在碱性环境中的适用性提供参考依据。方法采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗(EIS)测量技术、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)、U形弯试样浸泡试验以及SEM腐蚀形貌分析方法。结果 316L不锈钢试样在碱性硫化物溶液中具有较低的应力腐蚀(SCC)敏感性,腐蚀机理主要为阳极溶解型,且SCC敏感性随着p H升高而降低。结论316L不锈钢试样在碱性Na Cl/Na2S溶液中虽然表现出应力腐蚀特征,但敏感性较低,适用于该实验模拟的碱性溶液中。     

X70管线钢在不同温度近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂行为

采用慢应变速率实验(SSRT)研究了不同温度和电位下X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)行为．结果表明，不同温度下，X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的开裂方式都是穿晶型的，具有准解理特征，并且随着外加阴极电位的降低，SCC敏感性增加，氢致开裂占主导．随温度的下降，溶液pH值略有降低，SCC敏感性增加。     

镁合金AZ31B在不同pH值NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为研究

通过慢拉伸应力腐蚀试验机、电化学工作站和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段,研究挤压态镁合金AZ31B在pH=2、7和12的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明,随pH值增大,AZ31B静态腐蚀速率和应力腐蚀敏感性均降低,这是由于碱性溶液更有利于Mg(OH)2表面保护膜的形成。应力腐蚀试验中点蚀形成主要裂纹源,拉伸断口分析表明应力腐蚀具有多裂纹源特征,应力加速腐蚀进程,断裂方式属于穿晶解理断裂。     

氢对黄铜应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

氢对黄铜应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响乔利杰，徐荣杰，刘辉，褚武扬，肖纪美（北京科技大学北京１１０８３）１引言对氢致开裂型的应力腐蚀，阴极反应进入金属的氢控制了应力腐蚀裂纹的形核和扩展过程；对阳极溶解型的应力腐蚀，虽然阳极溶解过程控制了应力腐蚀的形核和扩展...     

Spannungsrißkorrosionsuntersuchungen an Strangpreßbarren der Legierungen 8090-T851 und 2091-T851

On the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of flat extrusions of the alloys 8090-T851 and 2091-T851 The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of flat extrusions of the Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys 8090-T851 and 2091-T851 was investigated performing accelerated tests under constant deformation, constant load, and slow strain rate conditions. The used corrosive environments were an aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution and an aqueous solution of 2% NaCl + 0.5% Na₂CrO₄ at pH = 3. Round tensile specimens and tuning fork type specimens were alternately immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution according to ASTM G44 under constant deformation, whereas they were continuously immersed in the other tests. The investigated flat extrusions of the alloy 8090-T851 were stress corrosion resistant in the extrusion and the long transverse directions. With the alloy 2091-T851 failure was observed at 75% of the 0.2 proof stress which may be caused by stress corrosion cracking or stress assisted intergranular corrosion. In the short transverse direction the SCC behaviour of the extrusions of both Al-Li alloys is comparable with that of a 2024-T351 alloy plate revealing a high SCC susceptibility.     

NaCl溶液中LC9铝合金应力腐蚀特性的试验研究

通过慢应变拉伸试验，获取了不同应变速率，极化电位，氧，pH值，人工时效下LC9铝合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀（SCC)敏感性数据，并探讨了上述各因素对LC9铝合金应力腐蚀敏感性的.电话号码:pH=6%的3．5％NaCl溶液中，LC9CS铝对应变速度为1．55E－6/s左右的位抻载荷应力腐蚀最为敏感；LC9CS铝不能采用阴极保护来防止应力腐蚀，同时，使用时也应尽量避免与贵金属接触；随着溶液pH值的减小，LC9CS铝的抗应力腐蚀能力减小；氧可使LC9CS铝的抗应力腐蚀产加；LC9CS铝的应力腐蚀敏感性明显高于LC9CgS；断裂应变和断裂能可较好地反映LC9CS铝合金的抗应力腐蚀腐蚀能力。     

外加电位对X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂的影响

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了不同电位下X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)行为．同时研究丁溶液中通入不同含量CO2对SCC的影响．结果表明．X70管线钢在近中性pH溶液中的开裂方式是穿晶型的．具有准解理特征．并且随着外加阴极电位的降低，SCC敏感性增加；随CO2含量的增加，pH值降低，SCC敏感性增加．均表现为氢致开裂占主导．     

STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF AN ALUMINIUM ALLOY UNDER COMPRESSIVE STRESS

用WOL缺口压缩试样研究LC4铝合金在3.5％NaCl水溶液中的压应力腐蚀.有限元计算指出,试样加压缩位移时缺口附近有压应力集中.实验结果表明,当压缩位移大于临界值后产生压应力腐蚀裂纹. 实验测出压应力腐蚀裂纹的门槛值为K_(ISCC*)=27.6MPam~(1/2),等于拉应力腐蚀门槛值的3.5倍.在相同K_I下压应力腐蚀裂纹的孕育期比拉应力高一个数量级.压应力腐蚀时获得带有平行条纹花样的准解理断口,这和拉应力腐蚀的沿晶断口完全不同。     

Comparison of accelerated SCC tests performed on the aluminium alloy 2014-T651

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of plates of the Al-Cu-Si-Mn-Mg alloy 2014-T651 was investigated in short transverse direction performing various accelerated tests. Corrosive media used were: aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution, an aqueous solution of 2% NaCl + 0.5% Na₂CrO₄ at pH = 3 (according to LN 65666), and substitute ocean water according to ASTM D1141. C-ring and tensile specimens were loaded under constant deformation, constant load and slow strain rate conditions. Alternate immersion tests in 3.5% NaCl solution clearly indicate the low SCC resistance of the alloy 2014-T651 in short transverse direction. Under continuous immersion conditions the acidified 2% NaCl solution containing chromate is an appropriate synthetic environment, while neutral 3.5% NaCl solution does not promote severe stress corrosion cracking. The SCC susceptibility of 2014-T651 is also observed in slow strain rate tests using substitute ocean water as well as acidified 2% NaCl solution inhibited by chromate. In 3.5% NaCl solution the evaluation of slow strain rate data is complicated by pre-exposure effects.