STRESS CORROSION CRACKING AND HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACKING OF ORDERED B_2－TYPE Fe_3Al

用ＷＯＬ恒位移试样研究了Ｂ_２结构的Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ和Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ＋Ｃｒ的应力腐蚀和氢致开裂．结果表明，水中应力腐蚀的门槛值和裂纹扩展速率均高于动态充氢时的相应值加Ｃｒ能提高Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ的Ｋ_（ＩＣ），Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）和Ｋ_（ＩＨ）．氢致开裂断口随Ｋ_Ｉ下降由解理向沿晶转变，水中应力腐蚀则全是解理断口，这与Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）较高有关．     

Untersuchungen zur transkristallinen und interkristallinen Spannungsrißkorrosion austenitischer Chrom-Nickel-Stähle in heißen Magnesiumchlorid-Lösungen

Investigations Into transgranular and intergranular stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels In hot magnesium chloride solutions The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of austenitic stainless steels in hot magnesium chloride solutions is known to be transgranular. Therefore the slip-step-dissolution model is most favourable when explaining the failure mechanism. Constant load and constant extension rate tests (CERT) show that both methodes are almost equivalent. Moreover constant extension rate tests in more concentrated magnesium chloride solutions at 135°C reveal a small potential range of intergranular stress corrosion cracking more negative than the range of transgranular SCC. Observations of crack nucleation and crack propagation make plain that crack nucleation is a localized corrosion process. Pitting produces crack nucleis in the elastic range whereas cracks start along slip lines after plastic deformation. Fractography of specimens which failed by intergranular and transgranular SCC show macroscopically brittle fracture surfaces. Therefore a model is proposed which explains crack propagation by hydrogen-induced intermitted cracking at high-stressed sites at the crack tip.     

B_2型Fe_3Al金属间化合物的应力腐蚀和氢致开裂SCIEI

用ＷＯＬ恒位移试样研究了Ｂ_２结构的Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ和Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ＋Ｃｒ的应力腐蚀和氢致开裂．结果表明，水中应力腐蚀的门槛值和裂纹扩展速率均高于动态充氢时的相应值加Ｃｒ能提高Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ的Ｋ_（ＩＣ），Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）和Ｋ_（ＩＨ）．氢致开裂断口随Ｋ_Ｉ下降由解理向沿晶转变，水中应力腐蚀则全是解理断口，这与Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）较高有关．     

Intergranular stress corrosion cracking of copper in nitrite solutions

Semi-hard tubes of deoxidized high phosphorous copper with different levels of tangential residual stresses have been exposed to nitrite solutions in a laboratory heating circuit. After characterization of investigated materials influence of temperature, location of heating, concentration of solution, electrochemical potential, and atmosphere on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of those copper tubes has been investigated. Threshold stress for crack initiation has been determined. Maximum duration of experiments was 1 month. Breakthrough time of tubes has been measured as criterion for susceptibility to SCC.To vary stress level in a wider range constant load tests on tubes with different degrees of cold working (annealed, semi-hard, hard) were done by mounting them in a steel frame.Stress corrosion cracks were always intergranular. A tenorite layer covered surface of cracked copper tubes. A reaction scheme for ammonia formation is presented. Necessary conditions for formation of stress corrosion are shown and critically discussed.Results show that intergranular cracking takes place at much lower stress levels below yield strength when compared to literature data on transgranular cracking above yield strength. For transgranular cracking cross slipping and cleavage formation as cracking mechanism is confirmed while for intergranular cracking chemical dissolution of grain boundaries plays a more important role.     

X100管线钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

采用慢拉伸(SSRT)、动电位极化和SEM观察等方法,研究了在不同的阴极保护电位条件下X100钢在酸性土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,X100钢发生穿晶裂纹的应力腐蚀,裂纹的萌生和发展与阴极保护电位有关.完全阳极过程控制时,X100钢无裂纹出现,但出现晶间腐蚀;在混合过程控制时,应力腐蚀敏感性较低,裂纹发展缓慢;在完全阴极过程控制时,氢脆机制起主要作用,裂纹扩展迅速.     

Effect of AC on stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel in carbonate/bicarbonate solution

The influence of various AC current densities on stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in carbonate/bicarbonate solution by polarization curves and slow strain rate tensile tests. With the increasing AC current density, the SCC susceptibility of the steel increases, especially at high AC current density. A significant difference in the SCC behavior and mechanism is found for the steels with or without AC application. In the absence of AC, the fracture mode is intergranular and the mechanism is attributed to anodic dissolution. Under AC application, the cracks propagation is transgranular, and the mechanism is mixed controlled by both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement.     

Environmentally assisted cracking behaviour of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated AZ31 magnesium alloy

Abstract

A wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy was plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coated in phosphate and silicate based alkaline electrolytes. The effect of these PEO coatings on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of the alloy was investigated by slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests in ASTM D1384 solution. The untreated and PEO coated AZ31 magnesium alloy specimens were found to be susceptible to SCC, despite the fact that the PEO coatings offered an excellent general corrosion resistance. The results of the polarisation tests on the untreated AZ31 alloy specimen after prolonged immersion in ASTM D1384 electrolyte suggested the formation of a film on the surface constituted by the corrosion products. The cracking of this film and the evolution/ingress of hydrogen at these defective sites during the SSRT tests in the corrosive environment was believed to be responsible for the SCC of the untreated alloy. Similarly, the cracking of the PEO coatings during the SSRT test, the consequent exposure of the underneath magnesium alloy substrate and the associated electrochemical reactions were attributed as reasons for the SCC of the PEO coated specimens. The transgranular mode of fracture in all the cases avowed that the hydrogen induced cracking was the mechanism of SCC.     

Controlling grain boundary energy to make austenitic stainless steels resistant to intergranular stress corrosion cracking

Intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking are the two localized corrosion mechanisms that are of concern to the typical applications of austenitic stainless steels in industries. Until recently, the common understanding was that a higher frequency of random boundaries increases the susceptibility, caused by a sensitization heat treatment or by operating temperatures, of austenitic stainless steels to both intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking. A recent study demonstrated that extreme randomization of grain boundaries leads to a considerable improvement of resistance to both sensitization and intergranular corrosion. This work is a continuation of Ref. 1 and relates the effects of grain boundary randomization to intergranular stress corrosion cracking: the results show a trend consistent with earlier observations on intergranular corrosion. It is shown that there is improvement in resistance to intergranular stress corrosion cracking with extreme randomization of grain boundaries.     

颗粒增强SiCp／2024铝基复合材料的应力腐蚀断裂行为

通过双悬臂梁试样试验和慢应变速率拉伸试验，研究了ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４铝基复合材料在ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的庆力腐蚀断裂行为，并探讨了增强体的存在对材料ＳＣＣ行为的影响。发增强体的存在并未使材料的ＳＣＣ机理发生本质上的变化，但使复合材料的ＳＣＣ抗力明显高于普通铝合金的。     

不同热处理态的304和321奥氏体不锈钢在氯化铵环境中的应力腐蚀行为对比研究

目的 对比研究原始、固溶和敏化态的304和321奥氏体不锈钢在模拟加氢催化氯化铵环境中的应力腐蚀（SCC）行为及机理。方法 将304和321奥氏体不锈钢经过热处理制备成固溶和敏化态试样,采用U形弯试样在模拟加氢催化氯化铵环境中浸泡的应力腐蚀试验方法对其进行研究,通过观察U形弯弧顶的腐蚀形貌和开裂时间,并结合腐蚀及裂纹的SEM照片和电化学测试结果进行分析。结果 原始和固溶状态304不锈钢U形弯试样在氯化铵溶液环境中开裂时间为25 d左右,断口形貌分别为穿晶断口和沿晶断口;敏化态试样18 d后发生开裂,断口形貌为穿晶和沿晶的混合断口。原始和固溶态321不锈钢U形弯试样在该环境中经过39 d均无应力腐蚀裂纹;敏化试样经30 d后产生宏观开裂。电化学测试结果显示,不同热处理态的304不锈钢在氯化铵溶液中均具有明显的点蚀敏感性,321不锈钢在该环境中耐点蚀和应力腐蚀的能力优于304不锈钢。结论 不同状态的304不锈钢在高温氯化铵环境中具有较强的应力腐蚀倾向,特别是敏化态试样;321不锈钢在该环境中的应力腐蚀敏感性相对较小,但敏化处理显著增加了其沿晶应力腐蚀倾向,而固溶态试样具有明显的沿晶腐蚀特征。     

Microstructure and stress corrosion cracking in simulated heat-affected zones of duplex stainless steels

The effects of nitrogen content and the cooling rate on the reformation of austenite in the Gleeble simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) were investigated. The variation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior in the HAZ of 40 wt% CaCl₂ solution at 100 °C was also studied. Grain boundary austenite (GBA), Widmanstatten austenite (WA), intergranular austenite (IGA) and partially transformed austenite (PTA) were present in the HAZ. The types and amounts of these reformed austenites varied with the cooling rate and nitrogen content in the DSS. U-bend tests revealed that pitting corrosion and selective dissolution might assist the crack initiation, while the types and amounts of reformed austenite in the HAZ affected the mode of crack propagation. The presence of GBA was found to promote the occurrence of intergranular stress corrosion cracking. WA, IGA and PTA were found to exhibit a beneficial effect on SCC resistance by deviating the crack propagation path.     

On the Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of aluminium alloy sheet in an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H2O2

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of aluminium alloy sheet was investigated in the long transverse direction using the slow strain rate testing technique. The synthetic environment used was an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H₂O₂. No indications of SCC sensitivity are observed for the alloys 2024-T351, 8090-T81, and 2091 CPHK-T8X. The alloys 2091 T8X and 6061-T4 are found to be susceptible to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. At strain rates below 4 · 10^?7 s^?1, the slow strain rate testing technique indicates a slight SCC sensitivity with alloy 6013-T6. Fractography reveals transgranular stress corrosion cracking. Transgranular stress corrosion cracking is also observed with 6061-T4 specimens which are dynamically strained at strain rates below 5 · 10^?7 s^?1. Aqueous 3% NaCl solution with hydrogen peroxide addition promotes pitting and intergranular corrosion. The loss of ductility caused by these corrosion processes interferes with the evaluation of the results of the slow strain rate testing technique.     

Hydrogen-increased dezincification layer-induced stress and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of brass

1　INTRODUCTIONDuringstresscorrosioncracking (SCC )con trolledbyanodicdissolution ,apassivefilmordezinci ficationlayerformsonthesurface[1] .Experimentalresultsexhibitedthatafoilofα Tiorbrasswithoneendfixedandanothersideprotectedwithaprotectivelayerformedonitwasconcaveduringcorrosioninamethanolandanammoniasolutions ,respective ly[2 ,3] .Thismeansthatatensilestressexistsontheinterfacebetweenthepassivefilmordezincificationlayerandthematrix [2 ,3] .Extensiveexperimentsshowedthatthedependenc…     

Stress corrosion cracking susceptibilities of Fe3Al-based iron aluminides

The susceptibilities to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) were investigated using the constant-potential U-bend SCC test. U-bend SCC evaluations were conducted on two iron aluminide compositions based on Fe₃Al and containing 2 and 5 at.% Cr in acid-chloride (pH = 4200 ppm Cl), thiosulfate, and tetrathionate solutions at the freely-corroding conditions. Cracking failures occurred in the thiosulfate and tetrathionate solutions, but not in the acid-chloride solution. The iron aluminides were very susceptible to the sulfur-bearing environments in terms of SCC and aqueous corrosion characteristics. To investigate the effect of applied potential on the cracking behavior, U-bend tests were conducted in the acid-chloride solution at an anodic pitting potential and at cathodic hydrogen-evolution potentials. Cracking occurred within 200 h only at the highly negative cathodic potentials and only for the lower Cr composition. These results indicated that two iron aluminides investigated are susceptible to SCC in acid-chloride solution if the corrosion potential is sufficiently active to generate hydrogen, that the cracking mechanism was related to hydrogen embrittlement. The resistance to hydrogen embrittlement cracking increased with increasing Cr content, i.e., higher Cr levels were beneficial in minimizing this form of cracking. Increased resistance to cracking for the U-bend specimens is influenced by the chemical composition of the passive film. Metallographic examinations by scanning electron microscopy revealed that increasing Cr content decreased the proportion of transgranular cleavage cracking and increased the proportion of intergranular cracking.     

Study on H2S stress corrosion test of welded joint for X65pipeline steel and numerical analysis

The susceptibility of welded joint for the X65 pipeline steel to H2S stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is investigated.SCC tests on the steel are carded out in the environment based on NACE TM-O1-77 solution with saturated gaseous H2S. The threshold stress intensity factor and crack propagation velocity are calculated according to wedge-opening loading (WOL)specimens. The three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis of WOL specimens is pesformed by using the FEM programming package ANSYS. Stress field and concentration of hydrogen distribution property ahead of the crack tip are obtained. This paper surveyed the microstructure of welded joint and studied on the mechanical properties of X65 pipeline steel.It provides experimental basis for studying stress corrosion. The results of numerical analysis are consistent with conclusions of stress corrosion test.     

时效制度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用恒载荷拉伸应力腐蚀试样、恒变形C环应力腐蚀试样以及预裂纹双悬臂(DCB)试样,对不同时效制度处理的7B04预拉伸厚板的应力腐蚀性能进行测 定,并进行了扫描电镜断口形貌分析.研究表明,其抗应力腐蚀性能与时效制度密切相关,从峰值时效T6状态到过时效T74、T73状态,应力腐蚀敏感性依次降低.预拉伸厚板T6状态的应力腐蚀门槛值为120 MPa,而T74状态的应力腐蚀门槛值为300 MPa.T74状态的应力腐蚀开裂应力强度因子KISCC是T6的近2倍,且应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率(da/dt)也明显降低.T6状态和T74状态的7B04铝合金应力腐蚀断裂为沿晶断裂,并有二次裂纹.而T73状态的断口形貌无典型的应力腐蚀沿晶断裂特征,为孔洞腐蚀特征,而且其KISCC几乎接近KIC.这说明T73状态的7B04铝合金几乎没有应力腐蚀敏感性.     

40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢的大气应力腐蚀行为

用单轴拉伸试样和预制裂纹试样研究40CrNi2Si2MoVA高强度钢在典型大气环境下的抗应力腐蚀性能.施加应力后的试样分别暴露于北京、青岛、万宁3个不同的大气试验站.研究表明:40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢的抗应力腐蚀性能取决于环境,在海洋性环境下应力腐蚀性较高.扫描电子显微镜微观分析表明裂纹起始于表面的腐蚀点,并向试样内部扩展,为沿晶开裂,有二次裂纹存在.随着应力水平的增大,二次裂纹明显增加.     

氢促进黄铜应力腐蚀及升高脱锌层应力的一致性

黄铜在氨水中腐蚀或应力腐蚀时表面形成脱锌层，它会产生一个会加拉应力，用挠度法和和流和差值法测量了不同氢浓度试样的脱锌层所引起的附加应力，也研究了不同氢浓度试样在氨水中的应力腐蚀敏感性，慢应变速率拉伸表明，黄铜不显示氢脆，但在氨水中显示极高的应力腐蚀敏感性（ISCC），它随试样中氢浓度（C0）升高而升高，脱锌层拉应力σp也随试样中氢浓度的升高而升高，实验表明，应力腐蚀敏感性随氢浓度的变化和脱锌层拉应力随氢浓度的变化相一致。     

铝-锂合金腐蚀性能研究综述

综述了铝-锂合金孔蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀断裂(SCC)及剥蚀的研究现状。阐述了加工状态、热处理、显徽组织及腐蚀介质对一些铝-锂合金孔蚀及晶间腐蚀行为与SCC敏感性的影响及其影响机制．同时报道了一些研究铝-锂合金剥蚀的新方法，并提出了进一步研究的方向．     

激光焊接速度对核级不锈钢腐蚀性能的影响

文中对在不同激光焊接速度下得到的核级不锈钢焊接接头进行了核电模拟溶液常温腐蚀试验、点腐蚀和晶间腐蚀试验和高温高压水应力腐蚀试验. 结果表明,随着焊接速度增大,焊接接头维钝电流上升,点蚀电位上升. 在同一焊接接头中,热影响区的耐点蚀性能和晶间腐蚀性能最好,焊接接头整体其次,焊缝区最差. 最低焊速下得到的焊接接头容易产生高温高压水SCC,其SCC裂纹一般从焊道根部的热影响区萌生和扩展.