Influence of heat treatment and surface conditioning on filiform corrosion of aluminium alloys AA3005 and AA5754

The effect of high-temperature heat treatment combined with different cleaning and pre-treatment practices on filiform corrosion resistance has been investigated for aluminium alloys AA3005 and AA5754. High-temperature heat treatment severely reduces the filiform corrosion resistance of alloy AA3005, while the corrosion properties of alloy 5754 are only moderately affected. The drastic loss of filiform corrosion resistance of alloy AA3005 after high-temperature heat treatment is attributed to preferential microstructural changes in a heavily deformed, micrograined surface layer caused by large surface shear strain during rolling. The enhanced deformation of the near-surface region promotes precipitation of a fine dispersion of intermetallic particles during subsequent heat treatment. The higher density of intermetallic particles combined with lower supersaturated solid solution levels of manganese in the surface layer as compared to the bulk structure makes the heat-treated AA3005 material susceptible to superficial corrosion attacks and results in poor filiform corrosion resistance. Application of a commercial acid cleaning/chromating pre-treatment did not restore the filiform corrosion resistance of heat-treated alloy AA3005. Alloy AA5754, containing lower levels of manganese and iron than AA3005, did not undergo similar preferential microstructural changes during heat treatment. A moderate increase in the amount of filiform corrosion of heat-treated AA5754 samples is attributed to poor protective properties of the thick, magnesium enriched, thermally formed surface oxide on this alloy. Any cleaning/pre-treatment practice that removes the thermally formed oxide on this alloy results in a very high filiform corrosion resistance.     

Filiform corrosion of AA3005 aluminium analogue model alloys

The effect of the metal substrate microstructure on filiform corrosion (FFC) susceptibility was investigated for super purity based model alloys with compositions based on the specifications of AA3005. Variations in alloying levels of the elements iron, silicon and copper were investigated. Alloys with high silicon content were more susceptible to FFC than alloys with low silicon content. The iron content, at the levels investigated, did not strongly affect FFC properties. The apparent detrimental effect of a high silicon content is attributed to the influence of silicon on secondary intermetallic particle precipitation. Given the same thermo-mechanical treatment, alloys with high silicon content underwent more extensive secondary precipitation of manganese containing intermetallic particles than those alloys with a low silicon content. The resulting microstructure is characterised by a higher density of finely dispersed intermetallic particles and a lower content of manganese in the adjacent supersaturated solid solution. These conditions provide a large number of potential corrosion initiation sites on the surface and also enhance microgalvanic coupling between intermetallic particles and the surrounding aluminium rich matrix, thus promoting the propagation of filamental corrosion attacks. Additions of copper had a detrimental effect on the FFC resistance. The role of copper in promoting FFC is attributed to preferential dissolution phenomena during the corrosion process, whereby copper is locally enriched on the corroding surface. This copper enrichment provides additional area for cathodic reaction, thus enhancing the corrosion process.     

轧制变形对高熵合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

对(FeNi)₆₇Cr₁₅Mn₁₀Al₅Ti₃高熵合金进行退火、冷轧和热轧+冷轧等工艺处理,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和万能试验机分别对合金进行物相组成、组织形貌以及力学性能测试和表征。结果表明,铸态和退火态的非等主元(FeNi)₆₇Cr₁₅Mn₁₀Al₅Ti₃高熵合金更易形成单相固溶体;在中等变形的热轧+冷轧工艺下,合金形成FCC+BCC的双相固溶体,其屈服强度可提高到460.0 MPa;在中等变形的冷轧工艺下,合金会形成细小的金属间化合物,从而具有细小金属间化合物强化机制,使屈服强度显著提升并达到722.0 MPa,同时,合金仍具有约25.7%的均匀伸长率,综合力学性能最佳。     

邯钢光伏支架用热镀锌S390GD(S450GD)+Z产品的开发

环保节能领域光伏支架用有锌花镀锌产品是邯钢市场开发的重点,但用户对其表面质量、力学性能、耐蚀性能和变形延展性有较高的要求。从热轧备料,酸洗工艺,热镀锌退火温度及锌层控制等方面阐述了开发光伏支架用热镀锌S390GD(S450GD)+Z产品的质量保证措施。通过降C、增Mn的化学成分设计,板坯出炉温度1 100～1 150℃、粗轧压下率40%～45%、终轧温度(850±20)℃、卷取温度降至(580±20)℃ 的热轧工艺优化,保证了热轧原料强度。通过酸液温度、酸洗速度、缓蚀剂添加量的优化,以及热镀锌退火温度、锌液成分的优化改进,实现了锌花结晶均匀性控制,产品质量满足用户要求。     

闪镀镍对冷轧板表面耐蚀性的影响

目的提供一种提高冷轧板(普冷板)表面耐蚀性的新方法。方法在冷轧板表面闪镀镍。利用扫描电镜观察表面形貌,利用EDS能谱测定表面沉积的镍元素含量,测试Tafel极化曲线和交流阻抗谱,研究闪镀镍对冷轧板表面状态和电化学性能的影响。采用点滴实验和湿热实验评价冷轧板表面的耐蚀性能。结果当闪镀温度为45~55℃,电流密度为3~6 A/dm2,闪镀时间为15~20 s时,沉积到基板表面的镍元素原子数分数达到40.1%以上。此时,冷轧板表面的点滴变色时间明显延长,在潮湿条件下的锈蚀面积明显减少。电化学测试也发现在冷轧板表面闪镀镍后,表面腐蚀电流明显降低,交流阻抗弧变大。结论闪镀镍可以改变冷轧板的表面状态和电化学性能,使冷轧板的表面活性和腐蚀倾向有所降低,从而提高冷轧板表面的耐蚀性能。该研究为冷轧板存储、运输、使用过程中的防锈提供了一种新方法,且方法简单有效、环保、实用。     

关注薄板坯连铸连轧技术的热点问题

对薄板坯连铸连轧技术中当前的几个热点技术 ,即薄及超薄规格产品的轧制、表面质量、薄及超薄规格产品的力学性能、钢种和技术发展的现状进行了分析介绍 ,并指出 ,“以热代冷”直接取代普通冷轧冷成型薄板和汽车外部冲压件用冷轧薄板的基板生产是该技术发展的主要方向     

冷轧变形对CrCoNi合金组织与性能的影响

针对磁悬浮熔炼的铸态CrCoNi合金,在室温条件下,进行变形量为50%的冷轧变形,研究了铸态及变形后合金的物相成分、显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能。结果发现,铸态CrCoNi合金在变形前后没有发生物相变化,依旧为FCC单相结构;铸态组织分布不均匀,经过轧制变形后,晶粒被破碎与拉长;随变形道次增加,强度提升,塑性下降。同时发现,相比于铸态,经过轧制变形后的CrCoNi合金耐腐蚀性得到改善,且均优于304不锈钢。     

Filiform corrosion of binary aluminium model alloys

The effect of alloy composition and microstructure on filiform corrosion (FFC) susceptibility was investigated for super-purity based binary model alloys of the systems Al-Mg, Al-Mn, Al-Fe and Al-Cu. Corrosion testing indicated that the presence of electrochemically noble second phase particles is a necessity for FFC to occur. Single phase, solid solution alloys of the Al-Mg, Al-Mn or Al-Fe systems did not support FFC. Heat treatment caused precipitation of the electrochemically noble intermetallic phase FeAl₃ in the Al-Fe alloy, resulting in extensive FFC. Precipitation of the phase MnAl₆, which has electrochemical properties similar to that of the aluminium rich matrix, by heat treatment did not impair the corrosion properties of the Al-Mn alloy. Significant surface oxidation and magnesium enrichment of the surface oxides by heat treatment did not affect the FFC properties of Al-Mg alloys. However, the solid solution binary Al-Cu alloys exhibited severe FFC. The detrimental effect of copper in solid solution is attributable to selective dissolution phenomena during the corrosion process, whereby copper was locally enriched on the surface as copper-rich particles providing efficient cathodic sites.     

1 200 MPa级冷轧先进高强钢轧制稳定性的分析及控制

针对1 200 MPa级冷轧先进高强钢轧制不稳定问题,对热轧原料组织性能均匀性、冷轧压缩比、冷连轧机组轧制策略等进行了分析。结果表明,热轧工序投入边部加热器,采用分段冷却等手段,可有效降低热轧原料头尾部组织性能差异,保证通卷性能均匀,进而保证通卷轧制过程稳定;通过优化冷连轧机组压缩比,可有效降低材料本身的加工硬化强度,进而避免连轧机组后面机架的轧制超负荷情况;通过优化冷连轧机组轧制策略,可保证轧制过程中各机架均匀变形,避免出现轧制力差异较大的情况,进而保证轧制过程稳定。采用上述措施,1 200 MPa级冷轧先进高强钢轧制力控制在约15 000 kN,厚度精度控制在±0.06 mm以内,可保证该级别高强钢的稳定轧制。     

Filiform corrosion of aluminium sheet. iii. microstructure of reactive surfaces

Metal surface properties, which induce susceptibility to filiform corrosion (FFC) of certain impure aluminium alloys by high temperature annealing, were investigated by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of cross-sectional foils revealed grain refined surface layers (GRSLs), approximately 1 mm thick on the rolled sheet, consisting of subgrains in the size range 20 to 200 nm. This layer was electrochemically more active than the bulk of the metal, and it was preferentially attacked by FFC of the painted substrate. By cold-rolling, a GRSL was also formed; however, such a layer did not cause surface activation and FFC. Annealing the etched surface not covered by a GRSL also activated the surface, indicating, together with the behaviour of cold-rolled surfaces, that GRSLs alone were not responsible for the surface activity. The analytical techniques employed were not able to detect any chemical modification of the surface which could explain the high surface reactivity. Possible mechanisms for the formation of reactive surface layers and the GRSLs are discussed. An obvious measure for avoiding FFC on painted aluminium sheet is to remove the active layer by etching or other chemical treatments prior to application of coating.     

304不锈钢免退火直接冷轧工艺研究

分析了热轧304板卷的金相组织及力学性能,结果表明304热轧板卷可以不退火直接进行冷轧。对304热轧板卷进行了免退火直接冷轧试验,轧后冷板经固溶退火,其晶粒度、力学性能及耐晶间腐蚀性能与退火后再冷轧的产品差别不大,符合生产标准要求。因此,实际生产中可以通过优化生产工艺,实现节能降本。     

Emeraldine base as corrosion protective layer on aluminium alloy AA5182, effect of the surface microstructure

AA5182 aluminium alloy cold rolled samples were coated by thin films of emeraldine base (EB) obtained from a 5% solution in N-methylpyrrolidinone. Accelerated corrosion tests prove this coating very effective for corrosion protection of aluminium alloys in neutral environment. This study underlines the prominent role of surface cathodic intermetallic particles in pit initiation and coating break down in enhanced corrosion conditions and suggest that, beside the EB barrier properties, the enhanced corrosion resistance observed on the EB coated samples could partly arise from two other mains factors:

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a weak redox activity of the polymer which passivate the metal,

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a proton involving self-healing process taking place at the polymer-metal interface, which contributes to delay local acidification in first steps of corrosion on EB coated aluminium surfaces.

     

热加工对冷喷涂铝合金块材性能的影响

为了提高冷喷涂增材制造铝基块材性能，对低压冷喷涂法沉积的7075铝合金块材进行了后续退火和热轧加工。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察试样的组织结构特征，并通过拉伸试验和电化学测试表征了块材的应力-应变曲线和耐蚀性。结果表明，低压冷喷涂法沉积的铝合金块材结构上存在大量的颗粒界面和少量微孔等缺陷，拉伸时发生脆性断裂，塑性很差，耐点蚀性能差；经过400℃退火4 h后，结构缺陷显著减少；再经过30%压下量的热轧加工后，结构更加致密，强度和韧性均提高，耐蚀性也随着结构缺陷的减少而提高。     

快速凝固Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb合金的组织与力学性能

采用快速凝固方法制备了Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr及Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb(wt%)合金粉末,采用热等静压将粉末压制成坯料,随后进行热锻、冷轧处理。测试了合金在室温及高温(500 ℃)下的力学性能,并分析了合金的显微组织及断口形貌。结果表明,冷轧态合金具有更优异的室温拉伸性能,冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr合金抗拉强度为739.3 MPa,伸长率7.1%,这与铜基体中密集的Cu₄AgZr颗粒及纳米级Ag颗粒有关。除Cu₄AgZr颗粒及Ag颗粒外,Cr、Nb元素的添加还生成高温稳定的Cr₂Nb颗粒,同时提高了合金的室温和500 ℃拉伸强度。冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb合金的室温极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别为799.1 MPa与5.3%。因为热锻态合金晶粒尺寸粗大,Ag颗粒尺寸细小,相比冷轧态合金拥有更好的抗高温弱化性能。热锻态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金的500 ℃抗拉强度分别为186.8和129.2 MPa,而冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金在500 ℃抗拉强度分别仅为113.1和95.4 MPa。     

Performance Optimization of Cold Rolled Type 316L Stainless Steel by Sand Blasting and Surface Linishing Treatment

Sand blasting followed by a surface linishing treatment was applied to optimize the near-surface microstructure of cold rolled type 316L stainless steel. The introduction of cold rolling led to the formation of α-martensite. Specimens with large thickness reductions (40, 53%) were more susceptible to localized corrosion. The application of sand blasting produced a near-surface deformation layer containing compressive residual stresses with significantly increased surface roughness, resulting in reduced corrosion resistance. The most resistant microstructure was obtained with the application of a final linishing treatment after sand blasting. This treatment produced microstructures with compressive near-surface residual stresses, reduced surface roughness, and increased resistance to localized corrosion.     

飞行数据采集记录器壳体用冷轧带钢的研制

论述了飞行数据采集记录器壳体用带钢的,台炼和轧制工艺,介绍了该带钢的力学性能及耐腐蚀性能。试验数据和实际应用表明,OCr13Ni8Mo2AlTi不锈带钢可以满足飞行数据采集器壳体的使用要求。     

热轧带钢边部翘皮缺陷成因分析

为了探明低碳钢在带钢轧制过程中出现边部翘皮缺陷的形成原因,取样分析了翘皮缺陷形貌及夹杂物成分,并采用ø750 mm×550 mm高刚度二辊热轧机组进行实验室模拟轧制分析翘皮缺陷演化过程。通过建立不同轧制方案,探明了热轧带钢翘皮缺陷形成于精轧道次,缺陷的产生与坯表面质量和边部原始凝固组织无关,轧材在轧制过程中由于边部不均匀变形形成侧面凹陷,凹陷在后续轧制中被轧制压缩闭合,并翻转到表面成为翘皮缺陷。最后,工业生产试验表明,倒角铸坯可提高轧材边部在轧制过程中的温度和均匀性,抑制轧材边部不均匀变形,有效降低翘皮缺陷的发生率。     

Microstructure,texture and grain boundaries character distribution evolution of ferritic stainless steel during rolling process

In order to better understand the texture, microstructure and grain boundaries character distribution evolution of ferritic stainless steel, the texture, microstructure and grain boundaries character distribution of ferritic stainless steel (hot rolled sheet, cold rolled sheet and annealing sheet) with 11 wt%Cr content were studied using X-ray diffraction and electron back scattered diffraction technique. The texture of the hot and cold rolled sheets has a through-thickness texture gradient. In the center layer of the hot and cold rolling sheet, α-fiber texture was observed which was attributed to ideal plane strain deformation. Close to the surface a Gross orientation was detected which was attributed to shear deformation. During annealing, the γ-fiber was formed attributed to recrystallization process. The microstructure of the hot and cold rolled sheets was non-homogeneous through the sheet thickness, while, the microstructure of annealing sheets was homogeneous through the sheet thickness. Grain boundaries character distribution results show that there are many low angle grain boundaries in hot and cold rolled sheets and many high angle grain boundaries and coincidence site lattice after annealing. The above results indicated that the changes in texture are closely related to the grain boundaries type.     

超纯铁素体不锈钢织构演变与成形性能的研究

系统研究了超纯铁素体不锈钢(w(Cr)=17%)沿钢板厚度方向各层织构的演变规律和不同精轧温度对织构演变及成形性能的影响规律。采用X射线衍射仪分析了宏观织构演变。研究表明: 热轧及退火后, 钢板表层以剪切织构为主, 中心层由?和?纤维织构组成; 冷轧后, 各层均由较强的?纤维织构和较弱的?纤维织构组成; 冷轧退火后各层均形成?纤维再结晶织构。与高温精轧相比, 低温精轧有利于冷轧退火板?纤维再结晶织构的强化、偏离{111}<112>组分的程度降低, 从而显著改善冷轧退火板的成形性能。     

冷轧无取向电工钢生产问题探讨

通过现场跟踪调查、缺陷试样检测分析及缺陷卷工艺调查分析,探讨了冷轧无取向电工钢生产过程中出现的酸洗不良、冷轧窄尺及断带的原因。结果表明:酸洗不良的原因在于带钢局部热轧卷取温度过高,正常的酸洗工艺未能将氧化铁皮清洗干净;冷轧出现局部窄尺的主要原因在于酸洗预留切边量过小,当热轧来料宽度处于下限,且带钢板形不良或带钢对中不良时,酸洗圆盘剪切边量过大;断带是板形不良或对中不良所致的跑偏断带。