焦化废水膜法组合深度处理工艺设计与应用

针对煤化工企业焦化废水的二级生化出水可生化性差、含盐量与COD高,以及废水中包含多环芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物等难生物降解污染物的特点,采用Fenton氧化+电渗析+超滤+反渗透膜法组合深度处理工艺对废水进行处理。运行结果表明,产水水质达到并优于《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB 50050—2007)中再生水水质要求,产水可作为厂区生产补充新水使用,废水回收率稳定达到75%。采用Fenton氧化与电渗析粗脱盐技术相结合的强化预处理设施,可以有效缓解反渗透装置的膜污染,延长反渗透膜的清洗周期至3个月。     

Membrane technology for advanced wastewater reclamation for sustainable agriculture production

Treated domestic secondary effluent is a valuable water source that can be reused for diverse purposes. However, in order to minimize health and environmental risks and to maintain adequate levels of sustainable agriculture production on a long range time scale, advanced treatment is required. Advanced effluent quality maintaining minimal risks can be primarily attained by implementing the membrane technology. Field experiments are in progress for secondary wastewater polishing for unrestricted reuse for sustainable agricultural production. The two stage membrane treatment system for the secondary effluent polishing consists of combining two main stages: ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment. The UF stage is efficient in the removal of the organic matter and the pathogens while the RO provides the dissolved solids (salinity) removal. Effluent of various qualities is applied for irrigation along with continuous monitoring of the membrane components performance. The experimental data was obtained in the ongoing pilot studies carried out near the City of Arad (Israel) wastewater treatment system (the pilot plant performs in a feed and bleed operation mode). The results indicate the importance of maintaining high quality effluent for sustainable agriculture production. The management modeling gives an idea of the importance in maintaining adequate UF flushing policy in order to minimize expenses due to fouling.     

UF-RO系统处理污水厂二级出水用于电厂循环冷却水的研究

采用超滤-反渗透处理污水厂二级出水,其中将超滤作为预处理,结果发现,反渗透膜对无机离子的去除率较高。CODMn去除率达到了96%以上;TDS去除率保持在91%左右;碱度、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH4+-N平均去除率分别在90%、98%、98%、90%左右;PO43-的去除率基本达到了100%;SO42-、Cl-的平均去除率分别在97%、90%左右。出水各项指标均能达到循环冷却水用再生水的标准,可成功用于热电厂的循环冷却水。     

Sand filtration of wastewater for tertiary treatment and water reuse

The performance of rapid sand filters was evaluated in three tertiary wastewater treatment plants in the State of Kuwait. These plants are located at Ardiya, Rikka and Jahra, and receive municipal wastewater flows of 220,000, 95,000 and 42,000 m³ d⁻¹, respectively. The Ardiya plant uses a two-stage activated sludge process for the secondary treatment of wastewater whereas both the Rikka and Jahra plants use the extended aeration process. Daily records were obtained from each plant over a period of 1 year, and the efficiency of the tertiary sand filters was determined based on reductions in SS, VSS, BOD, and COD. Analysis of these records showed that the secondary-treated effluent quality is highly variable. Seasonal variations were observed due to nitrification and denitrification that enhance the production of nitrogen gas and carry over of sludge solids in the effluent during summer, causing more frequent backwashing of the filters. The data were also statistically analyzed using the ANOVA program. The results obtained indicated significant improvements, at 95% and 99% significance levels, in solids (SS, VSS) and organics (BOD, COD) removal by sand filtration. They also showed that, in addition to improving effluent quality, the tertiary filtration played an important role in the stability of effluent quality so as to dampen variations in the quality of secondary-treated effluent. The tertiary effluent consistently satisfied the water quality requirements for irrigation.     

ASM1在污水生物处理中的应用与研究

采用以IWA的活性污泥数学模型1号模型(ASM1)为平台开发的污水处理仿真程序模拟城市生活污水处理工艺,其出水结果与实测数值的误差小于10%,说明活性污泥数学模型能较好地反映污水处理厂的实际运行状况,基于ASM1的软件可用于模拟污水处理、预测出水水质及作辅助工艺设计的工具。     

平面显示面板生产有机工业废水的回用水处理技术

该文采用混凝沉淀、MBR和反渗透组合工艺装置针对平面显示面板生产有机废水进行深度处理。结果表明通过混凝沉淀,有机废水中的 COD能降低约10％,并减轻后续 MBR膜的有机物污堵。MBR装置出水能保持良好水质（TOC ＜10 mg/L、SDI15＜3）,很适合采用反渗透进行进一步处理。通过反渗透装置进行深度处理后,出水能达到TOC＜1 mg/L、电导率＜85μs/cm,可作为原水直接回用到超纯水制备系统。     

制药废水零排放技术应用研究

采用混凝、生化、反渗透(RO)和三效蒸发器组合工艺,对某制药企业生产废水进行深度处理。通过混凝沉淀、生化处理去除部分有机物和氮磷,然后利用RO系统去除剩余的有机物、氮磷和盐分,最后采用三效蒸发器对RO系统浓水进行蒸发浓缩。研究结果表明,出水水质可满足企业生产工艺用水水质要求,并达到零排放的目的 。     

分散生活污水一体化处理工艺试验研究

针对分散生活污水低浓度难处理的问题,进行了固定床接触氧化（FAST）,周期循环式生物膜（CASBS）和缺氧／好氧-膜生物反应器（AO—MBR）三种工艺处理校园生活污水的试验研究。研究表明：FAST、CASBS和AO．MBR工艺对COD的去除率分别为79．3％、84．9％和90．9％,对NH3-N去除率分别为85．5％、91．2％和95．8％,FAST工艺处理成本较低,吨水处理成本仅有0．68元,CASBS工艺脱氮除磷效果占优,对TN和TP的去除率为51．8％和76．7％,AO—MBR工艺对浊度和SS去除效果明显,其出水含量分别为0．21NTU和1．95mg／L。三种工艺出水水质均稳定,COD、NH3．N、SS和浊度等指标均达到城市杂用水水质标准。     

水解酸化/接触氧化/曝气生物滤池处理工业园废水工程实例

采用"水解酸化—接触氧化—曝气生物滤池"工艺处理由印染废水和生活污水组成的工业园废水,其CODCr从800 mg/L左右降到60 mg/L以下,BOD5从250 mg/L左右降到20 mg/L以下,去除率均达到了92%以上,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中一级标准的B标准。     

焦化废水树脂吸附及深度处理回用

以山东某大型焦化厂焦化废水常规生化处理出水为原水,采用多介质过滤器—中空纤维超滤膜—DEC吸附树脂过滤器—反渗透膜工艺进行深度处理。结果表明:DEC吸附树脂过滤器出水COD小于60 mg/L,COD去除率大于69%,总氰化物0.2 mg/L,NH_3-N5 mg/L,SS5 mg/L,色度20倍,稳定运行周期大于36 h,出水满足GB16171—2012《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》排放要求。DEC吸附树脂过滤器冲洗和再生废水采用纳滤膜回收,产水用于DEC冲洗和树脂再生补水。反渗透膜处理系统水回收率大于65%,稳定运行周期大于70 d。产水电导率小于100μS/cm,浊度小于0.1 NTU,COD小于10 mg/L,满足《污水再生利用工程设计规范》(GB 50335—2002)中循环水冷却水补水水质标准要求,可回用焦化生产。     

A pilot study for wastewater reclamation and reuse with MBR/RO and MF/RO systems

A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the quality of the effluent of an enhanced tertiary treatment process consisting of MBR/RO or MF/RO units and explore the feasibility of reclamation of treated effluent for potable and non-potable reuse applications. The performance of both the MBR/RO and MF/RO pilot plants was excellent. The MBR or MF alone was able to bring down the concentrations of most of the pollutants under acceptable limits for non-potable reuse applications. The application of RO further improved the treated water quality, especially the aesthetical and microbial qualities. Different strategies were employed to control membrane fouling in RO, and hypochlorite dosing showed the best results. The RO permeate quality in terms of conductivity, turbidity, organic content, ammonia, nitrate, hardness, E. coli and virus could meet the water quality requirements for many potable and non-potable reuse applications. In removal of total estrogens, the MBR/RO combination performed better than that of MF with RO, indicating the importance of the role of biomass. The rejection of virus in MBR and MF was greatly affected by the chemical membrane cleaning. It took more than 24 h for the recovery, implying that the presence of membrane biofilm plays a key role in rejection of virus.     

A two stage membrane treatment of secondary effluent for unrestricted reuse and sustainable agricultural production

Field experiments are in progress for secondary wastewater upgrading for unrestricted use for irrigation and sustainable agricultural production. The integrative treatment system for the secondary effluent polishing is based on implementing in series of two main treatment stages: ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment. The pilot system has the capacity of around 8 m³/h. The UF effluent is used to feed the RO membrane stage. Different mixtures of UF and RO permeates are subsequently applied for drip irrigation of various agriculture crops. The field results indicate the importance of the UF component in the removal of the organic matter and the pathogens that are still contained in the secondary effluent (the secondary effluent is obtained from a waste stabilization pond treatment system). Under specific conditions, when the dissolved solids content is relatively low, the UF effluent can be applied directly for unrestricted irrigation. In the successive RO stage most nutrients are removed, allowing applying the effluent without jeopardizing the soil fertility and the aquifers. Preliminary economic assessment indicates that the extra cost for effluent polishing via the UF stage only is in the range of 8–12 US cents/m³. The extra cost for the RO stage is as well assessed at 8–12 US cents/m³. The additional treatment expenses depend to a large extent on the quality of the incoming raw secondary effluent and local requirements at the command agricultural production sites.     

改良型氧化沟工艺处理县城废水的工程实例

介绍了广西某县城市政废水治理的工艺及效果。根据市政废水的来源和流量,以及现有技术的可行性分析,选择改良型氧化沟工艺。分析了改良型氧化沟工艺的工作原理、部分构筑物及参数,待系统运行稳定后检测出水口的废水质量。结果表明,COD、NH4^+-N和TP的最高去除率分别达到84.61%、87.36%和90.07%,出水指标能满足GB18918-2002一级A标准,废水处理费用0.81元/m^3。     

Membrane application for recovery and reuse of water from treated tannery wastewater

Secondary treated tannery wastewater contains high concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and other residual organic impurities, which cannot be removed by conventional treatment method. A pilot plant membrane system with a designed processing capacity of 1 m³/h, comprising of nano and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units, accompanied by several pre-treatment operations, was evaluated in order to further treat and reuse the tannery wastewater. The maximum TD S removal efficiency of the polyamide RO membrane was more than 98%. The permeate recovery of about 78% was achieved. The water recovered from the membrane system, which had very low TDS concentration, was reused for wet finishing process in the tanneries. The reject concentrate obtained from the operation was sent to solar evaporation pans. It was evident from the study that the membrane system can successfully be applied for recovery of water from secondary treated tannery effluent, provided a suitable and effective pretreatment system prior to membrane system is employed. Combining nano and RO membranes improved the life of the membranes and permeate recovery rate.     

电催化氧化去除制革废水生物处理出水中氨氮的研究

采用电催化氧化强化去除制革废水生化工艺处理出水中的NH3-N,在利用钛电极对制革废水进行连续电催化氧化处理时,考察HRT及电流密度对处理效果的影响。结果表明:随着HRT的延长及电流密度的增大,NH3-N的去除效果增强,当HRT设定为0.25 h,电流密度为20 mA/cm2时,出水NH3-N的质量浓度为36.67 mg/L,相应的去除率为38.74%,可达到CJ 343—2010《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》中规定的NH3-N排放浓度的要求,此时,水处理电耗为2.16 kW·h/m3。电催化氧化技术能够对制革废水生化工艺处理出水中的NH3-N实现稳定有效地去除,具有一定的应用前景。     

Potential for reuse of high cellulose containing wastewater after membrane bioreactor treatment

It is difficult to adequately treat wastewater with a high cellulose content with the traditional anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge processes. In this study we used microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes combined with an anaerobic or aerobic activated sludge process to treat high cellulose containing wastewater for different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The potential target applications for reuse of the treated wastewater are also compared. Six bioreactors, which were configured as anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ANSBR), aerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR), AMBR plus RO (AMBR/RO), anaerobic activated sludge plus aerobic MBR (AOMBR), and AOMBR plus RO (AOMBR/RO), was operated in this study. The experiment results showed that, as expected, no effluents from the ASBR or the ANSBR could meet the Taiwan EPA criteria for effluent and wastewater reuse, no matter what the HRT was. However when the HRT was 12 h or more, the effluent from the AMBR and AOMBR processes did meet the criteria for effluent, but still did not meet the treated wastewater reuse criteria , primarily due to the color, total alkalinity, and total dissolved solid parameters. Finally, the effluents from the AMBR/RO and AOMBR/RO processes did meet the Taiwan criteria for both effluent and treated wastewater reuse when the HRT for the AOMBR/RO and AMBR/RO processes was equal to or longer than 12 h and 8 h, respectively. For the HRT of 4 h for both the AOMBR/RO and AMBR/RO process, and an HRT of 8 h for the AOMBR/RO process, neither the effluent criteria nor the treated wastewater reuse criteria were met.     

榆林市某污水处理厂设计实例

为解决榆林市某县未经处理的废水,新建的污水厂采用奥贝尔氧化沟+混合反应+沉淀+过滤工艺,处理后出水SS≤10mg/L,BOD≤10mg/L,COD≤50mg/L,TN≤15mg/L,TP≤0.5mg/L,出水水质达到GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,实现了社会效益、经济效益与环境效益的统一.     

钼冶炼厂生活污水和工业废水零排放实践

介绍了某钼冶炼厂废水处理系统的改造实践情况。通过采用AO脱氮技术的地埋式一体化装置代替原有的两级生化曝气池等改造,处理后的生活污水出水COD在50 mg/L以下,氨氮质量浓度在15 mg/L以下,可全部回用于厂区作为绿化及道路清扫等用水;通过增加两级曝气池、pH调节池和溢流水槽对工业废水进行处理后,生产废水出水清澈透明,无杂色,满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准要求,可达标排放或回用,实现了废水的循环利用和零排放,节约了水资源。     

耐污染反渗透膜在城市生活污水回用中的应用研究

城市生活污水经污水处理厂处理后已成为达到国家二级排放标准的微污染水,如再经预处理＋反渗透组合工艺处理可以达到工业用水的水质,如锅炉补给水、循环冷却水等。分别测试了耐污染反渗透膜与普通反渗透膜的耐污染性能以及其他各项指标,并从它们的功能基团与膜表面结构角度初步探讨耐污染机理。考察了耐污染反渗透膜性能的变化规律,为以后的应用工程设计提供了基本参数。     

市政污水厂出水回用电厂循环水系统工艺研究

采用曝气生物滤池+高效混凝沉淀组合工艺对河北邢台某污水处理厂的二级出水进行了回用中试研究.研究表明:二级出水经组合工艺处理后,CODCr的平均去除率为63.4%-69.2%,浊度的平均去除率为91.8%-95.4%,氨氮的平均去除率为90.5%-95.9%,处理出水可以满足电厂循环冷却水水质要求.