发动机供油提前器动态测试仪的研制

本文论述了发动机供油提前器动态测试仪的原理和结构,系统的硬件和软件设计,以及仪器的总体精度分析。通过闸型计数电路的设计和应用,综合处理了软件和硬件抗干扰措施,使仪器具有很高的可靠性、稳定性和测试精度。     

内燃机数据采集和分析系统的研究

介绍了内燃机数据采集和分析系统的结构、工作原理、功能和特点。本系统采用工业控制计算机和应用软件固化运行方式,提高了系统的抗干扰和抗病毒能力;采用自行设计的硬件电路配以自行开发的软件,形成了具有独创性的ＤＭＡ技术,使内燃机的多路参数能同时采样;采用高速Ａ／Ｄ配以光电编码器,使采样分辨率达０．１°ＣＡ,提高了系统的测量精度和分析精度,并建立了放热规律和喷油规律的数学模型。还论述了内燃机试验参数的测量方法以及提高其测试精度的措施     

基于实时同步数据采集的内燃机燃烧分析系统的研制

介绍了基于实时同步的内燃机数据采集系统的结构、工作原理、功能和特点。本系统采用工业控制计算机和应用软件固化运行方式,提高了系统的抗干扰和抗病毒能力;采用自行设计的硬件电路配以自己开发的软件,形成了新型的DMA技术,使内燃机的多路参数能同时采样,提高了系统的测量精度和分析精度。     

基于单片机控制路灯节电系统的研究

介绍了一种以单片机为核心的路灯照明智能节电系统,详述了节电原理,阐述了变压器容量和抽头设计,给出了单片机控制硬件和软件设计,包括单片机及其外围电路、电流与电压采样电路和驱动电路等硬件结构,以及控制策略和软件流程。该节电系统采用单片机改变变压器抽头,降低负载电压来实现节电,能延长灯具寿命,具有无谐波、免维护、可靠性高、成本低、节电效果明显等优点。     

基于PLC的太阳能跟踪控制系统的设计

提出了基于可编程逻辑控制器PLC（ProgrammableLogicController）的太阳能跟踪系统，使光伏模块能实时跟踪太阳光照，从而获得最大的太阳能。系统设计包括硬件部分和软件部分，硬件有PLC输入输出端口的硬件配置。信号处理单元，光敏电阻光强法比较电路以及开关电源的设计；软件有PLC的控制和监控程序，以及基于VisualBasic6．0软件平台开发的PC机监控和数据采集程序。基于PLC的太阳能跟踪系统能用于独立的太阳能发电设备。也能应用于串并联的大型光伏发电系统的现场总线控制。因此，具有良好的应用前景。     

LTC6803在镍氢电池储能管理系统中的应用CSCD

镍氢电池因其安全性高,可过充、过放的优异性在储能系统和电动汽车领域中得到了广泛的应用,为了保证储能电池组安全、高效运行,同时尽可能的延长电池的使用寿命,因而需要电池管理系统的维护.根据电池组在储能系统中的特性,本文开发了基于Freescale S12X系列微处理器和电源管理芯片LTC6803的储能电池管理系统,实现了12路电压模组和8路温度点的数据采集和处理,文章给出了该储能管理系统的整体架构,着重介绍了电压和温度采样环节的硬件设计电路及软件处理方法,同时在采样角度对比了其它电源管理方案,实验结果验证了LTC6803电源管理专用芯片能够满足现实储能系统的采样需要以及在储能管理系统方面的优势.     

基于PCC的交流采样的设计与实现

交流采样是按一定规律对被测信号的瞬时值进行采样．再按一定算法进行数值处理,从而获得所需电量信息的测量方法,可省去电量变送器等硬件设备、减少装置的体积、用软件功能代替其硬件功能、降低了系统成本、提高了实时性、保证了对交流电参量的采集精度和稳定性。应用B＆R的2005系列的IP161模块实现交流采样,介绍了硬件设计、工作原理及几项关键技术。     

高速柴油机电控系统电控单元的研制

本文进行了柴油机电控系统电控单元（ＥＣＵ）硬件系统和控制软件的设计，确定了ＥＣＵ系统的总体设计方案，并进行了电控单元功能的分析。设计了ＥＣＵ硬件系统的主控系统电路、输入接口电路、驱动电路等。采用现代软件工程技术进行电控系统控制软件的分析和设计，设计出了具有层次体系的模块化结构控制软件。     

高速柴油机电控系统电控单元的研制

本文进行了柴油机电控系统电控单元硬件系统和控制软件的设计，确定了ＥＣＵ系统的总体设计方案，并进行了电控单元功能的分析。设计了ＥＣＵ硬件系统的主控系统电路，输入接口电路，驱动电路等。采用现代软件工程技术进行电控系统控制软件的分析和设计，设计出了具有层次体系的模块化结构控制软件。     

风力发电机用飞轮储能智能控制系统研究

针对在风力发电机上具有广泛应用前景的飞轮储能技术,设计了储能系统的矢量控制器硬件电路及实验平台、电机控制系统的主电路和驱动电路、DSP主控板、电压及电流信号的采集系统等。基于矢量控制原理,进行了电机控制系统仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该系统能够精确地实现对电机速度的跟踪。在飞轮储能与风力发电模拟系统的试验中,为了验证控制系统的响应速度及稳态精度,利用交流电网对飞轮充电,有效地实现了飞轮与电机的耦合及飞轮能量的快速存储和释放。     

GB 17691-2005生产一致性抽验方案的解读

对GB17691-2005标准中的生产一致性抽检方案进行了浅显的讨论,对方案的由来和统计学内涵予以说明。通过实例计算,分析了生产一致性抽检方案及判定依据,为企业生产提供指导。     

A critical review of sampling standards for solid biofuels - Missing contributions from the Theory of Sampling (TOS)

Current standards for biofuel dealing with sample extraction, mass reduction and sample preparation are assessed with respect to the principles for representative sampling as set forward in the Theory of Sampling (TOS), which constitutes the only complete, scientific theory for sampling. Practical industrial sampling constitutes the only source for gaining data for reliable process monitoring and control - but involves a high error potential if not based on unambiguous, representative samples. For the comparatively new sector of biomass combustion or co-firing of biomass in converted coal power plants, reliable quality measures are crucial to assure stable fuel quality and for being able to optimize the combustion process. All so-called “incorrect sampling errors” (incorrect delineation, - extraction and - preparation) must be identified, reduced, if not altogether eliminated, lest representativeness is impossible. For reaching this target and to ensure representative sampling, a minimum working understanding of TOS is required. Sampling standards serve the purpose to delineate the foundation and assurance for reliable, representative sampling under all circumstances for the material class(es) involved, and must for this reason be in full compliance with TOS. This critical review shows that many recommended or allowed sampling procedures for solid biofuels do not comply herewith, and neither are all the necessary rules of TOS followed for the subsequent mass reduction procedures in the analytical laboratory. We point out all such error sources in the current standards and discuss what measures are necessary to rectify this incomplete state-of-affairs. The current review is but one activity within the context of formulating an even more general, “horizontal” sampling standard intended to cover all material classes.     

大型低速船用柴油机生产辅料统计管理系统开发

针对大型船用低速柴油机模块化装配过程中存在的生产辅料在统计过程中账物不符现象,采用Delphi面向对象编程语言与SQL 2000+SP4数据库技术,开发了生产辅料统计管理系统。规范了生产辅料的管理,可合理设定最低库存与生产辅料采购计划,为生产环节管理和生产成本控制等提供基础数据支撑。     

主元分析方法在火电厂锅炉过程故障检测中的应用

研究了将主元分析方法(PCA)应用到火电厂锅炉控制过程的故障检测的若干问题，提出了适合于此类过程的改进PCA建模方法和在线故障检测方法。对过程数据的处理、变量相关关系的发掘和主元检测模型的建立以及在线检测算法等方面进行了阐述。最后，基于现场采集的长期历史数据，给出了在锅炉过程传感器故障检测中的应用实例，试验结果表明了所提出的方法的可行性。图3表1参10     

Particulate matter mass measurements for low emitting diesel powered vehicles: what''s next?

Legislation word-wide imposes stringent emission standards for particulate matter emitted by diesel engines, as an outcome of evidence associating emitted particulate with a series of adverse health effects. Such emission standards call for significant reductions in the particulate matter emission levels for small and large on-road diesel vehicles. In fact, emission levels adopted for the near future are so low that the existing, regulated procedures might not be sensitive enough to accurately determine the absolute level of emissions. In this regard, extensive research is conducted in the direction of both improving existing procedures and developing alternative methods for more sensitive particulate matter measurements. This review paper summarizes the developments in the area and provides an outlook to the future. At first, the character of diesel particulate matter (DPM) is shortly discussed, mainly to show that the complex nature of emitted particulate is responsible for a series of implications when its quantitative determination is considered. Secondly, the regulated procedure for sampling and measurement of DPM is reviewed and its main qualities and shortcomings are presented. The recent technical advances aimed at improving the characteristics of the reference procedure in the measurement of ultra-low emission levels are then presented. Next the presentation of alternative methods follows which are gradually incorporated in regulations for particulate matter sampling. The strength of these techniques is that only a small fraction of exhaust is sampled and conditioned before measurement, hence significantly reducing the cost compared to the reference procedure. In addition to sampling, the determination of the actual particulate mass emitted is an area which has attracted significant developments. The most relevant instrumentation for DPM determination is also described and their potential for application in emissions certification is examined based on published evidence. Finally, the cost of the different sampling and instrumentation techniques is compared to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of each option.     

基于数据挖掘的电力系统异常数据辨识与调整

为了保证电力系统的可靠运行,需要对系统中的异常数据进行检测辨识与调整。在数据挖掘领域,模糊C均值聚类法（FCM）在处理小量低维的数据挖掘时是有效的,但是面向电力系统的数据库的数据挖掘是要处理大量、高维的数据,这样FCM算法在时间性能上难以令人满意。文中基于采样技术对FCM算法进行改进,利用遗传算法对聚类结果进行优化,利用一种新的基于遗传优化的采样模糊C均值聚类算法FFGO（FuzzyFCMwithGeneticOptimization）,实现对异常数据的实时动态处理。     

基于DSP28335的电能质量监测系统设计

利用DSP控制器运算能力强、精度高、硬件资源丰富等特点,设计了以TMS320F28335为核心的双DSP结构电能质量监测系统,并给出了采样电路、CAN通信等电路图及系统软件流程,介绍了上位机软件设计方案和电能质量分析方法。试验结果表明,采用双DSP结构系统及C语言和汇编语言混合编程的方法,提高了监测系统的实时性和可靠性。     

Errors associated with the spatial interpolation of mean solar irradiances

Spatial interpolation errors at 2816 grid points covering Canada are determined using 10-year averages of the solar irradiances for 130 stations unevenly distributed throughout the same area. Three specific interpolation schemes are evaluated (2 and 3 station inverse distance weighted interpolation and single station extrapolation) though the data set and algorithm (based on kriging) are sufficiently general that other strategies could also be evaluated.In southern Canada relative values of the extrapolation error for ten-year means are typically between 1 and 2% and decrease to less than 1% if values are interpolated using data from three stations. Errors are higher at coastal locations and in the Canadian Arctic due to generally greater interpolation distances and increased spatial variability. Lower actual irradiances also influences the relative errors.There is little advantage to including additional data from stations in adjacent areas of the U.S. since interpolation and extrapolation errors are generally already less than the errors associated with measurement and modelling procedures and with temporal sampling (i.e., the long-term representativeness of a 10-year mean).     

柴油机缸内瞬时取样阀的研制及其喷雾浓度场的取样分析

本文描述了瞬时取样阀结构和控制电路的设计。所采用的电磁振荡式控制电路和圆盘式电磁铁结构使得取样阀电磁铁具有较小的电磁滞后,从而保证了取样阀有较短的动作时间。柴油机缸内取样试验证明:最小开阀时间可达0.8ms。在发动机不着火情况下的缸内取样试验得到了较理想的燃油分布和变化规律。由此可证明作者所设计的瞬时取样阀和控制系统是可行的。     

On representative sampling and reliable chemical characterization in thermal biomass conversion studies

Careful consideration and proper execution of representative sampling and mass reduction procedures are critical for the validity and reliability of chemical analyses of highly heterogeneous biomass fuels. It is demonstrated how faulty sampling can result in apparent ash compositions that differ from the true compositions by factors of 2–3 for many major oxides. Analytical results based on non-representative samples are not representative for the specific fuel and processes being studied. Despite the general acceptance that accurate and representative compositions of biomass fuel and their derivatives are a critical prerequisite for understanding reactions and elemental fractionation during combustion and other thermal conversion processes, the biomass energy community appears largely to have ignored the critical issues surrounding representative sampling. This can have resulted in misleading or faulty conclusions and may have restricted our ability to perform reliable predictive modeling. We here point to effective yet simple sampling principles that should be implemented in future biomass fuel studies.