15%唑磷·毒死蜱微乳剂的研制

通过拟三元相图对非离子与阴离子表面活性剂不同复配比例的选择和对乳化剂、溶剂、助溶剂、水质等的筛选,确定了15%唑磷.毒死蜱微乳剂的最佳配方组合,并对该配方的制剂进行了质量指标和田间药效的测试。     

1%米尔贝微乳剂的研制

对有效成分为40%的米尔贝霉素原药,通过不同溶剂、表面活性剂、助溶剂、防冻剂的配方筛选试验,且进行相关理化性质的检测,得到优化配方为米尔贝霉素原药2.5%、有机溶剂8%、表面活性剂16%、助溶剂2%、防冻剂5%、水余量的1%米尔贝微乳剂.并针对小菜蛾、红蜘蛛进行药效试验,证明1%米尔贝微乳剂对这2种田间害虫有较好的防治效果.     

10％丙线磷微乳剂的研究

介绍了具有优良杀线虫效果的农药新剂型——— 10 %丙线磷微乳剂 ,简述了该剂型的特点 ,乳化剂及助表面活性剂品种的筛选 ,并且考察了水质对微乳剂配制的影响 ,考察了配制的微乳剂低温、热贮、乳化和对原药分解率等性能 ,表明该微乳剂品种具有分解率低 ,质量稳定 ,使用安全 ,社会效益显著等特点     

10%精喹禾灵微乳剂的配方研究

通过对溶剂、乳化剂及助表面活性剂的筛选和配伍,确定了10%精喹禾灵微乳剂的最优配方:精喹禾灵10%,混合溶剂25%,复配乳化剂22%,乙二醇5%,乙醇4%,消泡剂0.2%,自来水补足100%。对最优配方进行了重复性试验,表明该剂型具有良好的热贮稳定性、低温冷冻稳定性及较宽的透明温度范围,各项理化指标均符合微乳剂产品标准要求。     

5%阿维菌素微乳剂的研究

介绍了5％阿维菌素微乳剂的制备方法和乳化剂及助表面活性剂的筛选．并且考察了水质对微乳剂配制的影响．考察了配制微乳剂的低温、热贮、乳化和原药分解率等性能．表明该微乳剂品种分解率低,质量稳定,使用安全．社会效益显著。     

三氟氯氰菊酯微乳剂的相图研究

为了对农药微乳剂的配方设计以理论性指导,绘制出了三氟氯氰菊酯为原药不同微乳体系的拟三元相图,并测试了几个配方的透明温度区域。研究发现,用环己酮做溶剂,用乳化剂A：乳化剂B：乙醇=3：1：2的复合乳化剂体系配制的三氟氯氰菊酯乳液微乳区面积较大,得到的透明温度区域为-4℃～74℃,并且相图中微乳形成边界点的组分浓度可以指导我们配制不同浓度的农药微乳剂。     

20%氰戊菊酯微乳剂的研制

以起始外观、冷藏[(0±2)℃,7 d]外观、热贮[(54±2)℃,14 d]外观和稀释稳定性(1∶200倍液)合格和流动性好为标准,通过对不同表面活性剂、助剂、助溶剂、水的配方筛选,得到20%氰戊菊酯微乳剂的最佳制剂配方为:氰戊菊酯20%,丁醇-二甲苯(1∶1)用量20%,乳化剂为农乳500#-602#p,用量18%,水余量。该微乳剂经(54±2)℃贮存14 d,平均分解率为1.0%;0~5℃贮存12个月,经时稳定性合格。     

正交试验法在辛硫磷微乳剂配方选择中的应用研究

采用单因素试验法初选出10%辛硫磷微乳剂的适宜表面活性剂组份,再通过正交试验法以浊点为主要考察指标对复配表面活性剂的用量、配比、助表面活性剂用量进行了筛选和优化,确定了该微乳体系中最佳表面活性剂组分及其含量:农乳1602#+宁乳33#为9%,农乳500#为5%、乙醇5%及消泡剂0.2%。研究结果表明:应用正交试验法可快速筛选出适量的表面活性剂及助表面活性剂,获得性能优异的微乳剂配方,并可降低配方成本。     

2.5%吡虫啉微乳剂的研究

对2.5％吡虫啉微乳刑中的乳化剂进行了筛选,考察了水质、乳化剂、溶剂等对微乳剂稳定性的影响,得到最佳配方：吡虫啉原药2.5％,二甲基亚砜10％;助溶剂A5％,乳化剂ME-01C18％,辅助剂4％,水60.5％。实验结果表明,该微乳剂分解率低,水质影响小,使用安全,社会效益显著。     

烷基糖苷在高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂中的应用研究

选用新一代绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)为乳化剂,研制高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂,对溶剂、表面活性剂的用量进行了对比与筛选,通过制剂质量技术指标的测定,确定了5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂的最佳配方。对最佳配方进行了重复性试验,表明该剂型具有良好的热、冷贮稳定性,各项理化指标均符合微乳剂产品标准要求。     

W/O微乳液体系稳定条件与纳米镍的制备

研究了适合于制备纳米金属催化剂的微乳液体系。考察不同体系和不同条件下能稳定存在的组成范围。将镍离子和还原剂的LAS/C₅H₁₁OH/二甲苯/H₂O微乳液,在80 ℃下反应4 h,制得粒径约20 nm的均匀纳米金属镍。该种纳米镍对硝基苯催化加氢的初始速率比雷尼镍高69倍。     

Cleaning properties of single-phase hydrocarbon-based microemulsion systems

Single-phase hydrocarbon-based microemulsions with low volatile organic carbon levels can help deliver solvent-like cleaning properties while allowing formulators to meet regulatory requirements. The rheology and petroleum jelly solubilization properties of model microemulsion systems that contained equal volumes of hydrocarbon solvent and water were evaluated as a function of microemulsion structure and composition. Single-phase microemulsions with low surfactant contents and broad formulation flexibility were obtained through the use of efficient anionic surfactants and low electrolyte levels. The microemulsion structure was advanced from solvent-continuous to water-continuous by varying the solvent alkane carbon number or the electrolyte content, whereas the liquid crystal content was controlled via cosurfactant concentration. Both microemulsion structure and viscosity influenced solubilization rates. Low-viscosity, solvent-continuous microemulsions showed solubilization rates comparable to those found with solvent-based systems, while water-continuous microemulsions showed relatively poor solubilization rates. Microemulsions containing dispersed liquid crystals exhibited high viscosity and low solubilization rates.     

2.5％高效氯氟氰菊酯纳米微乳剂的研发与应用

[目的]研究2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯纳米微乳剂的配方及其实际应用情况。[方法]采用优化组合法对不同表面活性剂进行筛选试验,确定最优配方。[结果]经研制,得到优化配方:2.5%(折百)高效氯氟氰菊酯,15%乳化剂(6%磷酸酯型阴离子表面活性剂、9%苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚),余量为水。田间试验结果表明该产品对小白菜蚜虫的防效优于同等含量的常规微乳剂。[结论]制剂各项指标符合要求,且配方中无溶剂的加入,具有较高的经济效益和市场应用前景。     

15％毒死蜱·氟铃脲微乳剂的制备研究

15％毒死蜱·氟铃脲微乳剂是一种新的农药剂型,它对害虫和植物体的渗透能力强,同时由于它是以水作为分散介质,含有机溶剂较少,安全,对环境效益显著,所以具有很大的发展前景。对原药、乳化剂、溶剂、助溶剂等助剂的选择进行研究,确定15％毒死蜱·氟铃脲微乳剂最适宜的制备工艺及较优配方。     

Formulation of Canola-Diesel Microemulsion Fuels and Their Selective Diesel Engine Performance

Vegetable oils have been considered as an alternative to diesel fuel due to their comparable properties and performance. However, the high viscosity of vegetable oil causes engine durability problems with long-term usage. Vegetable oil viscosity can be reduced by blending with diesel fuel in thermodynamically stable mixtures using microemulsion fuel formulation techniques. This work focuses on the formulation of microemulsion fuels comprising diesel fuel and canola oil as the oil phase with ethanol and sec-butanol as viscosity reducers as well as 1-octanol and oleyl amine as surfactant/cosurfactant. Selective tests on an instrumented diesel engine were performed for formulated microemulsion fuels and No. 2 diesel fuel for comparison. The results show that formulated microemulsion fuels have fuel properties that meet the ASTM requirements for viscosity, cloud point, and pour point for biodiesel. Even more important, they have phase stability over a wide range of temperatures (−10 to 70 °C). Although all of the microemulsion fuels showed higher fuel consumption than diesel fuel, some of the microemulsion fuels had significantly reduced CO and NO_x emissions as well as reduced particulates when compared to baseline diesel fuel. The research demonstrates the potential of these microemulsion fuels as alternative to neat diesel fuel.     

提取条件对苦参中总生物碱提取率的影响

为了选出苦参中生物碱的最佳提取条件,本研究通过对比不同提取溶剂、不同提取方法对苦参中总生物碱出膏率、总生物碱含量的影响,并用酸性染料比色法测定药膏中总生物碱的含量。结果表明,氨水-氯仿提取,出膏率最高、总生物碱含量最高;超声提取高效、省时、省能源,是比较好的提取方法。     

高效促渗剂噻酮微乳液

介绍了一种高效水基促渗剂—噻酮微乳剂。根据微乳剂形成的机理,利用拟三元相图法最终得到10%噻酮微乳液的优化配方为:噻酮10%,二甲苯4.4%,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚Pe38.9%,乙醇13.3%,水33.4%。研究了10%噻酮微乳剂冷贮、热贮稳定性以及水的硬度对其稳定性的影响,结果表明试样各项质量技术指标均达到微乳制剂的要求。     

Diesel engine evaluation of a nonionic sunflower oil-aqueous ethanol microemulsion

A nonionic sunflower oil-aqueous ethanol microemulsion was formulated, characterized and evaluated as a fuel in a direct injection, turbocharged, intercooled, 4-cylinder Allis-Chalmers diesel engine during a 200 hr EMA cycle laboratory screening endurance test. Differences in engine operation between a baseline Phillips 2D reference fuel and the experimental fuel were observed. The major problem experienced while operating with the microemulsion was an incomplete combustion process at low-load engine operation. Significant lubricating oil dilution was observed initially, followed by an abnormal increase in the viscosity of the lubricative oil. Heavier carbon residue on the piston lands, in the piston ring grooves and in the intake ports was noted. In addition, premature injection-nozzle deterioration (sticking of the needle) was experienced. At present, the sunflower oil-aqueous ethanol microemulsion studied cannot be recommended for long-term use in a direct-injection diesel engine, but further modifications in formulation may produce acceptable sunflower oil microemulsions as alternative diesel fuels. Presented at the AOCS meeting, Chicago, IL, May 1983.     

桉叶油微乳用于经皮给药的研究与评价

研究与评价了桉叶油作为油相在经皮给药微乳中的有效性。试验以非洛地平作为模型药物。分别以油酸、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯（IPM）和桉叶油为油相制备了9个水包油微乳处方,通过测定各处方物理化学参数和大鼠体外透皮试验研究,通过对比载药量、透皮速率、滞后时间等参数,得到最适宜的处方：w(桉叶油)为5%,、w(吐温-80)为27.5%、w(乙醇)为27.5%和w(水)为40%。最后对该处方进行了兔子在体皮肤刺激性研究。结果表明桉叶油有着显著的优点：乳化能力强、对亲脂药物溶解度大、透皮促进效果明显、稳定性好。但是桉叶油也有一定皮肤刺激性,不宜用量过大。