DM423d菌株固体发酵

DM423活菌制剂作为饲料添加剂对畜禽腹泻有防治作用和促进生长作用．本文以小麦麸皮和豆饼粉为主要原料，对DM423d菌株进行了三角瓶固体发酵培养试验，考察了加水量、酸碱度和原料配比对生长繁殖的影响，在麸皮80～90％、豆饼粉20～10％、生石灰粉12～2.0％、加水量110～140％、培养温度31～32℃条件下，发酵48h，能获得每克含活菌数70亿以上的产品．     

胶冻样类芽孢杆菌菌粉的研制及功能菌株的存活性研究

针对应用较为广泛且增产效果稳定的胶冻样类芽孢杆菌在实际生产过程中存在的发酵有效活菌数低、液体制剂运输不便及保存周期短等问题,筛选出耐高渗透压胶冻样类芽孢杆菌HB-02菌株,并利用该菌株芽孢耐高压、耐高温等特点,采用喷雾干燥方法研制出胶冻样类芽孢杆菌菌粉。试验研究了该菌株发酵液的喷雾干燥处理工艺,结果在入料流量0.75 t/h、通风量20 m~3/min、进风温度150℃条件下,3批次喷雾干燥菌粉平均含菌量达到265.1×10~8 cfu/g,收率达到81.3%,成功研制出高含量胶冻样类芽孢杆菌HB-02菌株菌粉。通过该胶冻样类芽孢杆菌在不同复合微生物肥料中的存活性研究,结果表明在w(N+P_2O_5+K_2O)达到30%、室温保存120 d的情况下,胶冻样类芽孢杆菌在复合微生物肥料中的存活率为89.8%,为该菌株与化肥的有机结合以生产复合微生物肥料提供了理论依据。     

微乳剂质量技术指标的确定及测定方法研究

以笔者配制的几种微乳剂制剂为对象,对微乳剂的质量技术指标及测定方法进行研究。提出了微乳剂质量技术指标的建议值:透明温度区域范围为0℃～56℃,最佳为-5℃～60℃;冷贮稳定性(0±1)℃下贮存14d稳定;乳液稳定性的稀释倍数为100倍;经时稳定性2a,对于稳定的品种可以延长到3a或4a;热贮稳定性在(54±2)℃下贮存14d,有效成分分解率≤5%;pH值主要根据有效成分性质确定范围;水质一般为自来水,配制用水量在30%以上。希望为有关部门制定微乳剂剂型标准要求提供依据及供微乳剂制剂品种农药登记时参考。     

过氧化物和受控流变聚丙烯

美国AK20Nobel公司现正出售下述2．5-二甲基-2．5-双（叔丁基过氧基）己烷有机过氧化物：Trigonox101为95％纯、无载体、贮存温度为40℃的产品；Trigonox101－E30为30％、矿物油依载体，贮存温度为40℃的制品；Trgonox101－50P－PPd为50％，以聚丙烯粉末为载体，贮存温度为30℃制品；Trigonox101－50D一为505纯、白炭黑为载体，贮存温度为30“C的制品；Trigonox101－7．SPPPd为7．5％纯，以聚丙烯粉末为载体，贮存温度为30‘C制品，此外，该公司还利用上述有机过氧化物，特别是以聚丙烯粉末为载体的品种开发出称作受控流变聚丙烯（…     

苯丙氨酸脱氨酶发酵工艺及其酶学性质研究

选育出一株具有较高苯丙氨酸脱氨酶活性的菌株巨大芽孢杆菌AS1.127-NJU10。考察了该菌的发酵产酶条件,结果表明:蔗糖为最佳碳源、酵母浸膏和NH4C l组成最佳氮源,其质量浓度分别为:ρ(蔗糖)=20 g/L,ρ(酵母浸膏)=2 g/L和ρ(NH4C l)=10 g/L;发酵培养基最适pH=6.5,培养温度为37℃;诱导物ρ(L-苯丙氨酸)=1 g/L时,酶活最高达1 070 U。同时对苯丙氨酸脱氨酶的性质进行了研究,结果表明:该酶最适pH=5.8,最适温度为40℃,反应液中添加φ(吐温-80)=0.2%和c(K+)=10-5mol/L能明显提高酶活。     

己唑醇微乳剂的研制及其在黄瓜白粉病防治上的应用

通过溶剂、助溶剂和表面活性剂的筛选和配伍，确定了5％己唑醇微乳剂的优化配方（m／m）为：己唑醇5％，环己酮-二甲基甲酰胺复合溶剂20％，钙盐-苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚-蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚复合表面活性剂20％，水补足100％。测定了不同硬度水质对该配方制剂低温贮存和高温贮存稳定性的影响，结果表明，试样各项质量指标均合格，表明该配方对水质适应性强。田间药效试验结果表明，5％己唑醇微乳剂375、187～、124．5ml／hm^2对黄瓜白粉病的防效均在80％以上，防效与同剂量己唑醇乳油相当，微乳剂和乳油防效均显著高于对照药剂甲基硫菌灵750g／hm^2的防效，且对黄瓜安全。     

α-淀粉酶的固定化及其在邻硝基对甲基苯酚还原反应中的应用

以尼龙作为酶固定化载体材料,采用化学键合法固定α-淀粉酶,并对固定化前后酶的特性进行了研究。结果表明,与游离酶相比,固定化酶最适pH值从6．3提高到7．2,并且在较宽的pH值范围内显出较高的酶活性;固定化α-淀粉酶的最适温度为70℃,比游离酶的最适温度60℃高10℃,显示出较高的热稳定性;将固定化α-淀粉酶应用于邻硝基对甲基苯酚的还原反应,产率为37．09％;将固定化酶在4℃的水溶液中保存14d仍保留79．89％的酶活。     

一种微生物新农药干燥技术的研究

甲基营养型芽孢杆菌是一种新型微生物农药,简称BAC-9912。基于其热敏性强的特性,在产品制备过程由于干燥方式、温度及时间对产品中活菌存活率有着显著的影响,因此干燥过程要同时考虑物料含水量和活菌存活率两项指标。本文对甲基营养型芽孢杆菌的真空干燥工艺进行了深入的研究,对各项参数进行了细化和优化,通过实验,得到了合理的工艺控制参数,在温度70℃,真空度0.09 MPa,干燥时间8 h条件下,产品活菌率达到80%,为该产品的产业化奠定了技术基础。     

绿僵菌制剂的剂型及其应用效果

为提高绿僵菌孢子的贮藏和环境稳定性,实验对绿僵菌剂型进行研究。确定产品剂型配方为50％孢子粉,21．5％载体,2％增效剂,1．5％紫外吸收剂,25％的大豆色拉油;室内生物测定结果表明,制剂对3龄东亚飞蝗的半致死时间LT50为5．06d,田间应用防效达到88．9％,在25℃下半衰期为258．6d。     

B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物,并对包合物进行了差热分析,证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明,当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时,包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高,确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明,当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后,与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比,对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d,B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％,而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。