泡沫分离法处理甲基橙染料废水工艺

为开发一种设备和工艺简单、成本低且不产生二次污染的染料废水处理方法,以甲基橙模拟染料废水为研究体系,对泡沫分离法脱除甲基橙染料废水色素的工艺进行了研究。研究了pH值、气体流速、表面活性剂质量浓度、装液量对脱色的影响,以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为捕收剂,确定的最佳操作条件为:pH值6.0,气速0.04 m3/h,CTAB质量浓度90 mg/L,装液量1 000 mL,第1次脱色富集比β为111.0,脱色率R为99.5%。然后,对破沫液进行过滤,所得的滤液可代替部分表面活性剂进行下一次脱色。当补加的表面活性剂与废水中甲基橙的摩尔比为0.89∶1时,第2次脱色率为99.4%,富集比为50。     

泡沫分离除去水溶液中微量硫酸根离子

以十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵为表面活性物质,采用泡沫分离技术对去除水溶液中微量硫酸根离子进行了研究,重点考察了溶液的pH、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂浓度及泡沫塔装液量的影响. 结果表明,十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵具有良好的起泡性能,对水溶液中硫酸根离子的去除效果比较理想,在溶液pH 10、气体流量0.036 m3/h、装液量900 mL、表面活性剂浓度0.13 g/L的条件下,溶液中的SO42-能很好分离(富集比为22.4,去除率为94.1%). 与其他阳离子表面活性剂相比,十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵在泡沫分离结束后不会在水溶液中引入新的酸根离子,为进一步探索脱盐新方法提供了依据.     

泡沫浮选萃取法分离精氨酸

以精氨酸水溶液为研究体系,采用十二烷基苯磺酸为起泡剂,以二(2-乙基已基)磷酸(P204)为萃取剂,对泡沫浮选萃取法分离提取水溶液中微量精氨酸的工艺进行了研究,考察了溶液中pH、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂浓度、萃取剂浓度的影响.结果表明在常温条件下,水相初始pH为7.0,萃取剂P204(稀释剂:正庚烷)体积分数为30%,水相和有机相的相比为17:1,十二烷基苯磺酸浓度为0.15 g/L,气体流量为200 mL/min时,溶液中精氨酸能达到满意的分离效果(富集比16.2,回收率97.2%).     

阴阳离子表面活性剂自发形成囊泡的影响因素

在阴阳离子表面活性剂(SDS/CTAB)复配体系中自发形成囊泡。通过TEM、Zeta粒径分析和表面张力测定等手段进行表征,结果表明浓度、温度、溶剂、pH值等因素对囊泡稳定性有影响,在T=40℃,40%的乙醇为溶剂,调控pH=5,复配浓度在2×10-3mol/L条件下形成的囊泡稳定性最佳。     

低泡型阴离子表面活性剂泡沫性能研究

通过Waring-Blender法和改进Ross-Miles法研究了天然油脂基阴离子表面活性剂(SNS-80)和磺化类表面活性剂(162-34)的泡沫性能,并与常规阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸盐(AOS)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)对比,同时还考察了表面活性剂浓度和无机盐对162-34、SNS-80、AOS及AES泡沫性能的影响。结果表明,SNS-80和162-34的起泡能力和泡沫稳定性明显弱于AOS和AES。在测试浓度范围内SNS-80表现出了良好的低泡性能,162-34在低活性物浓度范围(1 g/L)表现出了良好的低泡性能。CaCl_2(500 mg/L)的引入有助于增强SNS-80的低泡性能。     

螺旋藻泡载分离法采收的实验室研究

在一种斜臂泡沫分离装置上，较为详细地研究了泡沫塔构造、起泡剂Tween 20浓度、载气流率、pH值和乙醇浓度等因素对螺旋藻泡载采收性能的影响. 结果表明，斜臂泡沫塔可明显改善藻细胞的泡载性能, 当Tween 20浓度为100 mg/L、载气流率为30 L/h及pH=11、乙醇浓度为1%(j)时，泡载采收过程的分离因子R和浓缩倍数a可分别达到5.04~6.52和2.74~4.31.     

耐盐高稳泡超低界面张力泡沫体系研究

对28种表面活性剂进行了泡沫综合性能评价和油水界面张力测试,并通过不同表面活性剂之间的复配和配方的优化,筛选出高稳泡超低界面张力的泡沫体系。结果表明,当FC-06、5#和DS10复配表面活性剂的质量分数为0.4%,配比为2∶1∶3时,最大起泡体积为500 mL,半衰期为28.8 min,平衡时的油水界面张力为8.0×10~(-3) mN/m。泡沫体系性能评价结果表明,在40 000 mg/L的矿化度条件以下,泡沫体系均能保持高稳泡时间和超低界面张力,具有较强的耐盐性。     

α-烯基磺酸钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵复配体系的泡沫性能

利用Ross-Miles法、电导率法和光学法等研究了阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)不同摩尔比复配溶液的泡沫性能。结果表明,在表面活性剂的总浓度为cT=7.8×10-3mol/L时,AOS/CTAB不同摩尔比复配溶液的发泡性能与AOS溶液基本相当,但AOS/CTAB复配能较明显地提高体系的泡沫稳定性;不同摩尔比复配溶液的泡沫稳定性顺序为:AOS/CTAB 5∶1>AOS/CTAB 10∶1>AOS/CTAB15∶1>AOS/CTAB 20∶1>AOS。     

分光光度法测定水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的含量

通过可见光谱法研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与甲基橙(MO)的显色反应,提出采用分光光度法测定水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的方法。结果表明,在体积分数为20%乙醇水溶液中,CTAB与MO形成1∶1的黄色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长位于470 nm处,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.404×103L.mol-1.cm-1,CTAB的浓度在0~6.0×10-4mol/L符合比耳定律。方法简便,快速,适于水样中CTAB的测定。     

反胶束萃取精氨酸脱亚胺酶

报道了用反胶束体系萃取精氨酸脱亚胺酶(ADI)的研究结果,为精氨酸脱亚胺酶的分离纯化提供了一种方法。在反胶束体系中采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为表面活性剂,正辛烷和丁醇作为溶剂及助溶剂。考察了水相pH、振荡时间、离子强度、表面活性剂浓度及精氨酸脱亚胺酶质量浓度等因素对精氨酸脱亚胺酶分离纯化效果的影响。实验结果表明,当c(CTAB)=0.01 mol/L,pH=7,振荡时间15 min,体系中用于反萃取的c(NaCl)=0.75 mol/L,且起始粗酶质量浓度控制在30 g/L时,通过辛烷/丁醇/CTAB反胶束体系的萃取和反萃取,ADI酶液萃取率E达到85%,比活达到1.107 U/mg,是起始酶液的4.52倍。     

Study on Streptomycin Sulfate Recovery by Batch Foam Separation

The feasibility of foam separation as a technique was assessed for the recovery of streptomycin sulfate from the waste solution by using an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The experimental parameters examined were SDS concentration, superficial gas velocity, initial pH, and liquid loading volume. The results showed that sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant for foam separation had good foaming quality and could effectively concentrate streptomycin sulfate of the aqueous solution by technology of foam separation. The enrichment ratio and the recovery rate of streptomycin sulfate were 4.0 and 85%, respectively under the best operating conditions of sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration 0.4 g/L, superficial gas velocity 300 mL/min, liquid loading volume 300 mL and initial pH 6.0 when streptomycin sulfate concentration was 0.5 g/L.     

Study on Riboflavin Recovery from Wastewater by a Batch Foam Separation Process

Abstract

A batch recovery of riboflavin via foam separation from industrial simulative wastewater was studied using a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The experimental parameters examined were the surfactant concentration, air flow rate, pH, and foam height. Under optimal operating conditions obtained through an orthogonal experiment, the maximum enrichment ratio of 48.7 was achieved for riboflavin along with 99.3% removal efficiency. The optimal operating conditions had the concentration of CTAB at 0.3 g/L, air flow rate at 400 ml/min, foam height at 90 cm, and pH at 12. Therefore foam separation proved to be an effective method to recover the riboflavin in terms of the good enrichment and removal efficiency.     

泡沫分离法处理结晶紫染料废水的工艺

以结晶紫模拟染料废水为研究体系,对泡沫分离法脱除结晶紫染料废水色素的工艺进行了研究,考察了以表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为捕收剂时,pH、气体流速、表面活性剂浓度、装液量对脱色效果的影响,利用正交实验确定了优化操作条件. 结果表明,当pH为11.0、气速0.018 m3/h、SDBS浓度450 mg/L、装液量500 mL时,富集比为10.3,废水中结晶紫脱色率为93.5%.     

Removal of mercury by foam fractionation using surfactin, a biosurfactant

The separation of mercury ions from artificially contaminated water by the foam fractionation process using a biosurfactant (surfactin) and chemical surfactants (SDS and Tween-80) was investigated in this study. Parameters such as surfactant and mercury concentration, pH, foam volume, and digestion time were varied and their effects on the efficiency of mercury removal were investigated. The recovery efficiency of mercury ions was highly sensitive to the concentration of the surfactant. The highest mercury ion recovery by surfactin was obtained using a surfactin concentration of 10 × CMC, while recovery using SDS required < 10 × CMC and Tween-80 >10 × CMC. However, the enrichment of mercury ions in the foam was superior with surfactin, the mercury enrichment value corresponding to the highest metal recovery (10.4%) by surfactin being 1.53. Dilute solutions (2-mg L(-1) Hg(2+)) resulted in better separation (36.4%), while concentrated solutions (100 mg L(-1)) enabled only a 2.3% recovery using surfactin. An increase in the digestion time of the metal solution with surfactin yielded better separation as compared with a freshly-prepared solution, and an increase in the airflow rate increased bubble production, resulting in higher metal recovery but low enrichment. Basic solutions yielded higher mercury separation as compared with acidic solutions due to the precipitation of surfactin under acidic conditions.     

含铜和含锌稀溶液的吸附泡沫分离技术的研究

运用自制的泡沫分离塔,以十二烷基硫酸钠为表面活性剂对泡沫吸附分离含铜及含锌溶液的操作参数进行了研究。考察了料液浓度、pH值、气体流量、表面活性剂浓度等因素对含铜和含锌溶液泡沫分离效果的影响。结果表明：最佳操作参数为pH值5．0,料液浓度0．125mmol／L,进料流速50mL/min,气体流量100mL/min,表面活性剂浓度0．25mmol／L。同时从理论上推算出泡沫吸附分离铜离子的最佳pH值范围为5．0左右。实验还通过改变孔板的孔径大小以改变气泡的尺寸,特别研究了泡沫尺寸对泡沫吸附分离的影响。     

泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素工艺

在水溶液中,相当一部分色素在一定条件下带正电荷或负电荷,因此文中以水溶液中的铜离子为色素研究体系,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为起泡剂,探索泡沫分离法脱除水溶液中离子色素的工艺。单因素实验研究了铜离子色素脱除率和富集比随pH值、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂质量浓度及泡沫塔装液量的变化规律和机理,结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠对泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素具有良好的效果。在此基础上通过正交实验得到最佳操作工艺为:pH值5.0,气体流量80 mL/min,表面活性剂质量浓度0.15 g/L,装液量220 mL,此工艺下铜离子色素脱除率为99.4%,富集比为20.8。     

Foam separation of active carbon

An experimental investigation is presented of the foam separation of powdered active carbon, equilibriated with an aqueous, synthetic waste water containing phenol and a cationic (ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (EHDA-Br)), anionic (dodecyl sodium sulphate), or non-ionic (alkyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) surfactant. The effect of surfactant, of pH, of initial carbon concentration, and of initial surfactant concentration on the flotation of carbon is investigated. At pH 3, 7, and 10, the cationic surfactant yields the best flotation of carbon, which increases with increasing pH. At pH 7, a suspension containing 800 mg/1 carbon can be reduced to 24 mg/1 in 10 min. with 0·37 mM EHDA-Br. The relative concentrations of carbon and of surfactant must be controlled carefully to yield sufficient free surfactant to obtain a foam but not excessive free surfactant to impair the foam separation process. Foam volumes are controlled by free (non-adsorbed) surfactant.     

泡沫分离技术的实验研究——回收废液中的金

<正>泡沫分离是一种新的分离技术,在国外研究工作已取得了不少成果.Jorne和Rubin在研究金属离子泡沫分离的基础上,提出的Goug chapman扩散双电层理论,阐述了利用相反电荷的金属离子与表面活性剂离子之间的静电吸引作用,达到金属离子的泡沫分离.Rubin和Lapp、Charewicz和Grives等人通过对泡沫分离金属离子的研究表明:pH值是一个重要的影响因素.同时,离子强度可以改变表面活性剂的选择性.Bruner和Stephan采用泡沫分离方法脱除洗涤剂厂排放的一级及二级污水中的表面活性剂,试验结果表明:塔式泡沫分离装置比槽式装置有更高的脱除率.     

温度对高浓度SDS水溶液泡沫稳定性及分离的影响

高浓度表面活性物质的分离是泡沫分离过程的难题,也是制约泡沫分离技术应用于工业化生产的瓶颈.为了解决高浓度表面活性物质泡沫分离的难题,以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液为体系,研究了在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)附近时,温度对SDS水溶液气泡直径、泡沫稳定性、富集比及回收率的影响.结果表明:温度对高浓度表面活性物质的泡沫分离有显著影响.当SDS水溶液浓度分别为1.2、2.3、3.5g·L-1,温度从30℃升高到70℃时,泡沫稳定性先增大后减小,在pH 6.9、表观气速2.4×10-3 m·s-1、装液量200 mL的操作条件下,气泡直径先减小后增大,富集比提高了3～5倍,回收率降低了34％～65％.