Dietary fiber extraction for human nutrition—A review

Fiber is a mixture of nonstarch polysaccharides that resist digestion by enzymes in the gastrointestinal canal. Some known methods of extracting fiber from plant sources include dry processing, wet processing, chemical, gravimetric, enzymatic, physical, microbial, or a combination of these methods. Modified wet milling is the most cost-effective in the wet milling group, as it uses minimal chemicals, produces high purity products, and uses less water than the other methods. The purity of fibers extracted using the modified wet milling method range from 49.7% to 89.6%. An ideal extraction method should be affordable and produce fibers of high purity.     

The mechanics of buckling fiber in relation to fabric‐evoked prickliness: a theory model of single fiber prickling human skin

The simple Euler model of buckling of a slender rod has been commonly used to explain the mechanics in relation to the buckling of fabric‐evoked prickliness. Unfortunately, few works have paid attention to its applicability into the buckling behavior of fiber prickling human skin to evoke prickliness, though the friction between the fiber end and the skin and the firmness of a fiber end held in fabric (denoted as elastic stiffness) are considered to be among the main factors for fabric‐evoked prickliness. To model the mechanics of buckling of a fiber in relation to fabric‐evoked prickliness, the fiber–skin friction, the elastic stiffness, and the initial inclined angle of the fiber are introduced into the simple Euler model of buckling of a slender rod. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed on these three factors to observe their role in the buckling behavior of a fiber. The results demonstrate that the fiber–skin friction and the elastic stiffness have a significant effect on the buckling behavior of fiber end prickling skin and the stimulus intensity to skin. Additionally, the fiber with an initial inclined angle can exert compression force on skin above the average force threshold of nociceptors responsible for fabric‐evoked prickliness, and the force size depends on the fiber property and its end‐restraint intensity. Therefore, it is not appropriate for the assumption of a fixed‐hinged boundary of the fiber end prickling human skin. In this sense, a developed fiber–skin coupling model provides a good modeling for the buckling behavior of fiber end pricking human skin.     

Development of milk protein fiber/ wool blended yarn北大核心

The blended yarn was produced by 15% milk protein fiber and 85% wool. To ensure the dyeing effect, the milk protein fiber and wool were dyeing with soft water respectively. Before spinning, it should pretreat the milk protein fiber with 1% (owf) antistantic agent and 0. 9% (owf) hair oil, to match the moisture at 13% -14%. Gilling put 6 word needle comb and the antistatic coating rubber roller, which speed was low. Roving compaction should slant small, while roving areas after the distance should be appropriately amplification.     

A green material from rock: basalt fiber – a review

The nature is continually providing varied resources for creating textile materials for various applications. Although many textile fibers in the nature are provided with the fibrous kind itself it additionally offers raw materials that may be changed and formed into a filament in a way similar to the melt and solution spinning of other textile fibers. Basalt is an igneous rock, which is solidified volcanic lava. In recent years, basalt received attention as a replacement for asbestos fibers. Basalt has emerged as a contender in the fiber reinforcement of composites. Basalt fiber (BF) is capable to withstand very high temperature and can be used in high performance applications. This paper is review of state of art of knowledge of BF, the production methods, properties and its applications.     

Study of fiber packing density of lyocell ring‐spun yarns

The study of yarn structure and related yarn properties has been the subject of much research. However, the study of the fiber packing density, which has practical significance for a number of yarns and their characteristics, has been limited to circular yarns because of the disordered yarn structure. In this paper, the fiber packing density of lyocell ring‐spun yarns is determined with the image analysis method. This method does not have any limitation with regard to the fiber cross‐sectional shape. The effect of yarn count, twist factor, spindle speed, traveler weight and front roller diameter on the fiber packing density in the yarn cross‐section is analyzed. The results of this paper and the data published in other scientific works are in good agreement.     

A study of an anti‐counterfeiting fiber with spectral fingerprint characteristics

An anti‐counterfeiting fiber with spectral fingerprint characteristics (named spectrum‐fingerprint fiber) is a novel functional fiber made of rare‐earth luminescent material and fiber‐forming polymer, as main raw materials, combined with transparent inorganic pigments and functional additives by a melt‐spinning process. In order to explain more about the security principle of the fiber, several kinds of spectrum‐fingerprint fibers were prepared by using rare‐earth strontium aluminate as the rare‐earth luminescent material and fiber‐forming polymers such as PET, PP and PA6 as a matrix and combining them with transparent inorganic pigments and functional additives to study their emission spectra characteristics. The results showed that the spectrum‐fingerprint fibers, made by different spinning raw material formulas or technological parameters including the kind and content of rare‐earth luminescent material, polymer, transparent inorganic pigment, and draw ratio, had different emission spectra when excited with a specific exciting light, and any change of these manufacturing elements could cause a fluctuation in the intensity or wavelength of the fiber. Therefore, the emission spectral line of the spectrum‐fingerprint fiber, based on the confidential raw material formulas of spinning and rare‐earth luminescent material and spinning technological parameters exclusively designed by a manufacturer, is specific, just like the fingerprint of a human being – hard to decipher and counterfeit – and this can be used to distinguish the original from the fake.     

Resistant starch—An accessible fiber ingredient acceptable to the Western palate

Dietary fiber intakes in Western societies are concerningly low and do not reflect global recommended dietary fiber intakes for chronic disease prevention. Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable dietary fiber that has attracted research interest. As an isolated ingredient, its fine particle size, relatively bland flavor, and white appearance may offer an appealing fiber source to the Western palate, accustomed to highly refined, processed grains. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the current knowledge (classification, production methods, and characterization methods), health benefits, applications, and acceptability of RS. It further discusses the present market for commercially available RS ingredients and products containing ingredients high in RS. The literature currently highlights beneficial effects for dietary RS supplementation with respect to glucose metabolism, satiety, blood lipid profiles, and colonic health. An exploration of the market for commercial RS ingredients indicates a diverse range of products (from isolated RS2, RS3, and RS4) with numerous potential applications as partial or whole substitutes for traditional flour sources. They may increase the nutritional profile of a food product (e.g., by increasing the fiber content and lowering energy values) without significantly compromising its sensory and functional properties. Incorporating RS ingredients into staple food products (such as bread, pasta, and sweet baked goods) may thus offer an array of nutritional benefits to the consumer and a highly accessible functional ingredient to be greater exploited by the food industry.     

Berichte fiber die T?tigkeit von Untersuchungs?mtern etc.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Can SPME fiber and Tenax methods predict the bioavailability of biotransformed insecticides?

Recent studies recognize the ability of chemical techniques such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and Tenax extraction to predict bioavailability more effectively than exhaustive chemical extractions for sediment-associated organic contaminants. While the majority of research using these techniques studied legacy compounds such as PCBs and PAHs, there is great potential for these methods to work well for highly toxic, rapidly biotransformed compounds such as pyrethroid insecticides. The current study compared the ability of the two techniques to predict the bioavailability of permethrin and bifenthrin to two benthic invertebrates (Lumbriculus variegatus and Hexagenia sp.). In addition, variations in the application of the two techniques, specifically duration and conditions of exposure of the SPME fibers and duration of extraction with Tenax, were explored. The SPME fiber concentrations correlated strongly to both 6 and 24 h Tenax concentrations. The SPME fiber concentrations and 6 h and 24 h Tenax extractable concentrations correlated with both the parent permethrin and bifenthrin concentrations in the tissues of both species at steady state. Parent compound tissue concentrations for both species could be predicted with a single relationship for individual pyrethroids. This demonstrated the potential value of these methods to predict the bioavailability of compounds subject to biotransformation and application to multiple species.     

Dyeing behaviour of polyacrylonitrile fiber cured by enzyme for natural dye cochineal北大核心

In this paper, polyacrylonitrile fiber cured by enzyme was dyed by natural dye cochineal. The effect of pretreating agent and enzyme concentration, temperature, time and pH value was discussed. The conclusion was that ; the dye uptake of polyacrylonitrile fiber pretreated by benzyl alcohol was higher of that pretreated by ethylene glycol methyl ether, the dye uptake of polyacrylonitrile fiber cured by enzyme was highest when enzyme concentration was 5% and enzyme cure time was 50 h, as well as enzyme cure temperature was 40°C and pH value was 7. The water return rate of polyacrylonitrile fiber cured by enzyme was increased noteworthily.     

Structure and properties of the new regenerated protein and cellulose composite fiber北大核心

In order to know the performance of the new regenerated protein and cellulose composite fiber, to prepare for the production of textiles, the appearance, infrared spectrum, thermal properties and tensile properties of the new regenerated protein and cellulose composite fiber were tested and analyzed. The results showed that; the surface morphology and microstructure of the new regenerated protein and cellulose composite fiber which protein content was 10% were similar to viscose fiber, there were a lot of typical characteristics of viscose fiber in the new regenerated protein and cellulose composite fiber. The characteristic peak of protein can be found in the infrared spectrogram. Compared with the ordinary viscose fiber, the new regenerated protein and cellulose composite fiber had not effect on surface morphology and tensile properties. The protein powder particles may increase the fiber fineness unevenness, improve the thermal stability of the fiber in a certain extent. Tensile properties of the new regenerated protein and cellulose composite fiber decreased and rigidity increased.     

Tensile behavior of staple fiber yarns part III: comparison of mathematical models

Despite the development of artificial neural network and computer simulation models that predict yarn tensile properties, the mathematical model is still very important being the base for all models. In this research, three mathematical models have been applied for evaluation of coefficient of fiber strength utilization in staple spun yarns before break at same value of yarn strains. The experiments were conducted on cotton, viscose and polyester fibers, and yarns. The results indicated that our model exhibited least prediction error followed by Pan’s and Frydrych’s models for cotton and viscose but for polyester, Pan’s model produced least error followed by Frydrych’s model and our model. The superiority of our model might be resulted from the introduction of the phenomena of fiber directional distribution in the staple spun yarns.     

Novel sericin‐fixing agent containing rare‐earth ion for weighting silk fiber

Silk fibers were weighted with different weight gain rate by using a novel sericin‐fixing agent containing rare‐earth ion. Laser Raman spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and amino acid analysis were studied to characterize the structures of weighted fibers. Laser Raman spectra verified that the content of the highly oriented β‐sheet conformation decreased in the weighted fibers. Amino acid analyses showed that the content of polar amino acid increased with the increase in weight gain rate. SEM analyses showed that the sericin was successfully fixed on the surface of the fibroin. Moreover, the mechanical and dyeing properties of the weighted fibers were also investigated. The results indicate that there was no significant difference in breaking strength and elongation between the weighted fibers and the control; the equilibrium moisture content and the color strength value (K/S) of the weighted fibers increased with increasing weight gain rate.     

Study on the pretreatment technique of short flax fiber with peracetic acid北大核心

The paper studies the pretreatment process features of short flax fiber with peracetic acid, analyzes the factors that affecting weight loss and disintegration degree such as concentration of peracetic acid, temperature, time and pH value of liquid during the pre-processing. The results show that peracetic acid effectively remove the pectin, lignin, and other related analogues. The rigidity of fiber is decreased and the disintegration degree is increased. The comprehensive forming-yarn performance is promoted. The effect of pretreatment is good. The pretreatment of short flax fiber with the use of peroxide acetic acid can reach the purpose of pickling, and it also has the effect of bleaching. The optimum technological parameters; concentration of peracetic acid to 6 g/L, the temperature to 60 t, the time to 60 min, the pH value of liquid to 6. After pretreating, the short flax fibers have a soft hand, weight loss to 11.5% and disintegration degree to 917 Nm, the spinnability is improved, and the fiber can meet the requirements of the later processing.     

Study on the anions and moisturizing function of vitamin e fiber intertexture北大核心CSCD

To explore the impacts of different functional fiber contents, different yarn types and different fabric weaves on the functionality of textiles, this paper takes mulberry silk as the warp yarn and takes vitamin E yarn, combed cotton/'vitamin E fiber/Modal(40/40/20) blended yarn and viscose fiber as weft yarns, to prepare 9 tyj>es of vitamin E yam and viscose yarn with different weft ratios, 5 types of combed cotton/vitamin E fiber/Modal(40/40/20) blended yarns and viscose fiber with different weft ratios, 5 types of vitamin E yarn and viscose fabrics with a weft ratio of 1 • 1 and different weaves, and then tests the anions and moisturizing compound function of three series of fabrics.The results show that the anion production and moisturizing properties of fabric grow with the increase of vitamin E fiber content.Both yarn type and fabric! weave will affect the anion production and moisturizing properties of fabrics. © 2021 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.     

帝人集团研发出独特功能的八边纤维(Octa fiber)

帝人纤维有限公司是日本帝人集团聚酯纤维业务的核心企业,帝人纤维有限公司开发出一种前所未有的聚酯纤维,它具有一种独特的、高度改良横截面,8个凸面以放射状围绕一个中空纤维排列。这种新纤维,被命名为Octa(八),因为它有着章鱼一样的外观,这种纤维快速吸收汗液,快速干燥,质量轻,具有热量屏蔽/绝缘功能,可以快速蓬松。八凸面纤维将于2012年4月上市,用于生产内衣、时装以及应用于多种用途。8个凸面之间的空隙使得这种新纤维具备高性能,快速吸汗、快速干燥以及快速蓬松的性能。这些空隙也能提高热屏蔽     

Bioconcentration of organic chemicals: is a solid-phase microextraction fiber a good surrogate for biota?

When organic chemicals are extracted from a water sample with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, the resulting concentrations in exposed fibers are proportional to the hydrophobicity of the compounds. This fiber accumulation is analogous to the bioconcentration of chemicals observed in aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the prospect of measuring the total concentration in SPME fibers to estimate the total body residue in biota for the purpose of risk assessment. Using larvae of the midge, Chironomus riparius and disposable 15-microm poly(dimethylsiloxane) fibers, we studied the accumulation and accumulation kinetics of a number of narcotic compounds with a range of log K(ow) between 3 and 6. The fibers, which have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, had consistently higher uptake and elimination rate constants (k1 and k2, respectively) than midge larvae and accumulated the chemicals 5 times faster. Comparison of the relationships of the partition coefficients K(PDMS-water) and K(midge-water) (lipid-normalized) to log K(ow) for all compounds yielded a factor of 28 for translating fiber concentrations to biota concentrations. This factor can be used to estimate internal concentrations in biota for compounds structurally similar to the compounds in this study. The exact chemical domain to which this factor can be applied needs to be defined in future research.     

Activity,stability, and binding capacity of β-galactosidase immobilized on electrospun nylon-6 fiber membrane

In this research, we explored various immobilized enzyme support materials, including the novel nylon-6 fiber membrane (NFM), and evaluated the increase in surface area and its effect on enzyme binding potential. We also manipulated incubation and reaction conditions and assessed the subsequent effects on activity and stability of β-galactosidase, with comparisons between various solid support materials and free (dissolved) enzyme. Nylon-6 fiber membranes were created by electrospinning and were compared with other materials as solid supports for enzyme binding. The other materials included polyvinylidene fluoride 5-kDa nanofiltration dairy membranes, nylon-6 pellets, and silica glass beads. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the large surface area of NFM, which correlated with greater enzyme activity compared with the relatively flatter surfaces of the other solid support materials. Enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically with the color-changing substrate o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside. Compared with the other solid supports, NFM had greater maximum enzyme binding potential. Across pH conditions ranging from 3.5 to 6.0 (including the optimal pH of 4.0–5.0), enzyme activity was maintained on the membrane-immobilized samples, whereas free enzyme did not maintain activity. Altering the storage temperature (4, 22, and 50°C) affected enzyme stability (i.e., the ability of the enzyme to maintain activity over time) of free and polyvinylidene fluoride membrane samples. However, NFM samples maintained stability across the varying storage temperatures. Increasing the immobilization solution enzyme concentration above the maximum enzyme binding capacity had no significant effect on enzyme stability for membrane-immobilized samples; however, both had lower mean stability than free enzyme by approximately 74%. With further development, β-galactosidase immobilized on NFM or other membranes could be used in continuous processing in the dairy industry for a combination of filtration and lactose hydrolysis—creating products that are reduced in lactose and increased in sweetness, with no requirement for “added sugars” on the nutrition label and no enzyme listed as final product ingredient.     

US consumers’ subjective hand,sensibility, and preference for textile products made of bast fiber

This study was aimed at examining how US consumers perceive the sensibility of bast fiber and to investigate how sensibility is affected by subjective hand and impacts preference. Furthermore, this study discovered how sensibility toward bast fibers leads to preference for different end use. Focus group interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted and 246 usable data were analyzed. Results revealed that US consumers tend to perceive bast fiber in three sensibility dimensions: ‘Wearable,’ ‘Modern,’ and ‘Rich’. The influence of subjective hand on sensibility was found to differ by sensibility dimensions. The hands of ‘Smooth/Rough’ and ‘Warm/Cool’ were found to be the most significant determinants of sensibility. This study further found that the extent of preference which was predicted by sensibility differed by end use; while consumer preferences toward apparel, bed and bath items and table linen were found to be predicted by sensibility, furnishing, and industrial items were not.     

Tensile behavior of staple fiber yarns,part IV: experimental verification of predicted stress–strain curves

In this paper, specific stress–strain curves were predicted for viscose, cotton, and polyester yarns spun by ring and rotor technologies. The average fiber-specific stress–strain curves were used to predict yarn-specific stress–strain curves. The predicted yarn-specific stress–strain curves captured the experimental yarn-specific stress–strain curves well both in shape and position for the three studied yarn types. However, higher prediction error was observed relatively in polyester yarns due to more slippage of fibers in these yarns. All rotor yarns exhibited higher difference between experimental and predicted results which might be the result of the nature of the twist in rotor yarn.