Influence of Ultrasonic Radiation on the Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Reactive Yellow 145 Dye

Ultrasonic (US) radiation has a promising effect in textile processing due to its eco-friendly nature, rapid, cost and time effective tool. For the present study, the cellulosic fabric and dye solution were irradiated with ultrasonic (US) radiation for different times (10–60 min.). Dyeing was performed using nonradiated and irradiated cellulosic with nonradiated and irradiated Reactive Yellow 145 dye. Different dyeing parameters such as temperature, pH, material to liquor ratio and time were optimized using irradiated dye and irradiated cotton. It is found that US treatment of dye solution for 20 minutes gives good color strength by dyeing un-irradiated fabric at 70 °C, for 35 min using dye bath of pH 9 in the presence of 5 g/100 mL of salt as exhausting agent keeping 40 mL of dye volume. Colorfastness properties of fabrics dyed at optimum condition of various shades show that US treatment has improved the grading of fastness from fair to good. It is found that US irradiation had not only enhanced the strength of dye on irradiated fabric but also improved the dyeing properties. It is also concluded that US treatment has not only reduced the dyeing time, temperature but also reduced the amount of salt and dye volume used, which is the proof that this tool is cost, time and energy effective.     

棉/丝光羊毛混纺纱的染色同色性

为提高棉/丝光羊毛混纺纱线的染色同色性,采用安诺素棉用活性染料一浴法、沙拉菲尼尔直接染料/安诺赛特弱酸性染料一浴法和安诺素活性染料/拉菲尼尔直接染料的一浴法等3种染色工艺,通过调节染料的复配比例,以实现棉与丝光羊毛两组分纤维表观得色深度的一致性.试验发现,活性染料一浴法工艺简单,但适用染料较少;安诺素活性染料,染色时补充拉菲尼尔直接染料染色效果较好,但直接染料的色牢度较低.     

丝光棉针织物的染色工艺及性能探究

丝光棉针织物由于表面光洁、色泽鲜艳、不易起皱等优点而深受广大消费者青睐,文章在提高棉针织物丝光质量的同时,对丝光前后棉针织物的染色性能及色牢度展开探究。结果表明,碱减量渗透剂TF-107具有很好的耐碱稳定性和耐碱渗透性,在棉针织物丝光工艺中可提高液碱渗透的均匀性(染色后布面匀染性提高),丝光后织物毛效提高,渗透性增强;在相同染色条件下,丝光棉针织物得色量高于未丝光织物;对比相同得色量的两种织物,丝光棉针织物可降低约50%~60%的染料量,染色后布面鲜艳度增加,耐皂洗、耐摩擦及耐汗渍色牢度均有提升。     

Microwave Assisted Modulation of Vat Dyeing of Cellulosic Fiber: Improvement in Color Characteristics

The role of radiations in textile processing is gaining attention due to its low cost, energy effectiveness and eco-friendly process. This study is concerned with the improvement in modulation of microwave assisted vat dyeing of cellulosic fiber. It was found that radiation treatment of both cotton fabric and dye solution for 1 min gives good color strength, while for redox reaction, 2.5 g of NaHSO₃, 2 mL of CH₃COOH, and 1.5 mL of H₂O₂ are the optimized conditions which show it is a cost-effective tool. Good color strength was obtained at 65 °C for 1 h dyeing using 50 mL of optimal solution in dye bath at pH 9. Finally, ISO standards for color fastness to light, washing, rubbing and perspiration were applied at 0.5–2.5% of shade at optimal conditions which showed that microwave treatment has enhanced the color characteristics. Hence, the technique can successfully and easily be employed for surface modification of fabric for good quality dyeing with various classes of dyes.     

Modulation of Marigold Based Lutein Dye and its Dyeing Behaviour Using UV Radiation

Application of natural dyes has increased interest in the past few years due to the eco-friendly behavior of these dyes. The present research is concerned with the effect of UV on dyeing behavior of cotton using marigold as source of natural Lutein dye. This is colorant lutein which imparts greenish yellow color to cotton fabric. The dye powder and cotton fabric were exposed to UV-radiation for different time intervals prior to dyeing and dyeing was performed at different dyeing variables. International Standard Organization (ISO) methods were employed to evaluate the color fastness properties, such as color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. It is found that 90 min exposure of UV radiations was the optimum condition for surface modification and dyeing of 70 min at 40°C give excellent results using 4 g/L salt to achieve maximum exhaustion. For improvement of color fastness, tannic acid (8%) as pre- and 6% as post-mordant is the best condition. It is found that UV ray treatment can be used to other fabrics followed by dyeing using extracts of dye yielding plants without any physical characteristics damage.     

涤/棉交织物一浴法轧染工艺

针对涤/棉交织物染色工艺流程长,耗水耗能大,碳排放量和废水排放量高等问题,研究了涤/棉交织物分散/活性染料一浴两步法轧染工艺。通过分析分散/活性混合染液在不同pH值条件下的稳定性,探讨了焙烘温度、焙烘时间、染浴pH值、固色碱种类与质量浓度、汽蒸时间等对分散蓝79以及K型、KN型、M型活性染料染色效果的影响,并对一浴两步法轧染工艺和两浴两步法工艺产生的能耗进行计算和比较。结果表明:一浴两步法染色织物可以获得与传统染色工艺相同的颜色深度,耐摩擦色牢度以及耐皂洗色牢度可以达到4~5级;以分散蓝79和活性蓝19为例,相比于传统两浴两步法轧染,每染色1万m涤/棉交织物,一浴两步法轧染工艺可减少45.5%的水耗、20.9%的电能消耗、41.7%的热能消耗、40.6%的CO₂排放。     

泡沫技术染深色的可行性及其应用

为了探讨泡沫染色对棉织物染深色的可行性,研究了活性艳红KE-3B在棉织物泡沫染色中的提升力和染色性能;为了推广泡沫染色在纺织加工中的应用,研究了不同类型活性染料在对棉织物的泡沫染色浅、深色工艺中的固色速率和织物K/S值与固色时间的关系。研究结果表明：活性红KE-3B在泡沫染色中具有良好的提升力,经不同质量浓度泡沫染色的织物匀染性好。在4种不同类型的活性染料泡沫染色中,染料的固色率均能达到70%~90%,KN型活性染料固色率最高,固色速率顺序为活性黑KN-B>活性大红K-2G>活性艳红KE-3B>活性艳红X-3B。     

新型低碱活性染料染色工艺研究

针对活性染料常规染棉织物工艺中纯碱用量过多的问题,采用新型的低碱活性染料对棉织物进行染色。分析了工艺参数如盐、碱及温度等对K/S值的影响,得到了低碱活性染料染棉织物较佳工艺:染料1%(owf)时,纯碱1.5g/L,元明粉70g/L,80℃固色40min,浴比1∶25;染料5%(owf)时,纯碱3g/L,元明粉80g/L,80℃固色60min,浴比1∶25。低碱活性染料染色所需纯碱用量少,仅为传统活性染料染色时纯碱用量的1/10左右,染色织物得色量高,且染色工艺简单。     

Eco-friendly food products as source of natural colorant for wool yarn dyeing

ABSTRACT

Food products as a source of natural colorants are gaining widespread popularity around the globe due to their ayurvedic and eco-friendly nature. Current study is aimed with the utilization of food products (Saffron and madder) as a source of dye for woolen yarn. It is found that, for Saffron, irradiation of yarn for 6 min gives high color strength by dyeing for 45 min in the presence of 2% of salts using un-irradiated dye bath of 1 pH, whereas for madder, 4 min is optimal irradiation time for extract to dye irradiated yarn for 25 min in the presence of 6% of salts using the irradiated dye bath of pH 1. The mordanting carried out at optimal conditions show that using both extracts, woolen yarn dyed at optimal conditions has given good color characteristics. It is concluded that microwave radiation has not only improved natural dyeing process but also make the process more eco-friendly and sustainable as well.     

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Gamma Ray Induced Cotton Using Natural Quercetin Extracted from Acacia Bark (A. nilotica)

For the present study Quercetin has been extracted and applied onto the gamma irradiated cotton. Fabrics and powder have been exposed to different absorbed doses and dyeing has been performed at various parameters. It is observed that 20 kGy is the optimum absorbed dose for surface modification of cotton. It has been also found that good colour strength has been obtained at 60°C by dyeing optimal fabric for 40 min using dye bath of pH6 keeping liquor concentration of 1:30 and electrolyte concentration of 1 g. 7% of tannic acid as pre-mordant and 5% of Copper sulphate as post mordant was optimum conditions to get good fastness properties according to ISO standard methods. Quercetin from acacia bark under ionizing radiation can safely be used as possible substitute to reddish-brown synthetic dyes.     

平幅轧染中针织物形变对染色的影响

针对平幅轧染中针织物易形变、张力不均带来皱褶和染色不匀等问题,通过选用多种化学结构活性染料对棉针织物进行浸轧染色,借助方差分析的手段,考察针织物在不同拉伸形变条件下固色后染料结构对染色性能的影响。结果表明:针织物采用不同活性基活性红实施平幅轧染,无论在横向还是纵向张力拉伸条件下预烘及汽蒸固色,拉伸对针织物的染色与匀染影响较小;由于染料结构的差异导致棉针织物对染料的吸附固色不同,不同的染料对同一种针织物的浸轧染色提升力有所区别;染中浅色时轧染可节省更多染料,尤其对于活性红WBRH(KN型),轧染色深明显高于浸染,更推荐轧染方式;染色后针织物皂洗牢度大于或等于4级。     

Simultaneous dyeing and functional finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dyes doped with TiO2 nano-sol

A new approach for simultaneous salt-free dyeing and functional finishing, i.e. UV protection and antibacterial properties of cotton fabric were studied. In this study, cotton fabric was cationized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride. Two types of reactive dyes (CI Reactive red 120 and CI Reactive yellow 145) were doped with different amounts (0.035, 0.053, and 0.07 mol) of TiO₂ nano-sol by sol–gel method and applied on cationized cotton fabric using pad–dry–steam method without the addition of salt. The chemical and morphological structures of the dyed fabrics were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Different properties were investigated such as color strength, fixation, fastness properties (washing, rubbing, and light), UV blocking, antibacterial activity, and tensile strength. Samples dyed with titanium dyeing solutions exhibited better antibacterial efficacy and durable UV protection, with minimal impact on color depth and tensile strength compared with the samples dyed with commercial reactive dyes.     

棉针织物的练染一浴加工

采用新型反应性直接染料对棉织物进行练染一浴法加工,探讨了反应性直接染料一浴法染色的工艺参数,如染色温度、pH值、染色时间、元明粉用量、浴比、精练剂用量等,对染色织物上染率和表面色深影响,优化确定的练染一浴工艺为:染料2%(omf),精练剂1 g/L,元明粉60 g/L,pH值10.7,浴比1∶30,100℃染60 min。染色织物的色牢度较好。     

聚羧酸盐在棉织物X型活性轧染中的应用研究

纯棉织物X型活性染料轧染时，使用聚丙烯酸盐（PA）和聚马来酸盐（PM）代替Na2SO4作促染剂。通过比较染色织物的表观色深（K／S值）、各项牢度和强力指标，探讨了聚羧酸盐作为促染剂应用于纯棉织物X型活性染料轧染工艺的可行性，并得出了最佳染色工艺条件。试验结果表明，当聚羧酸盐用量为50g／L时，染色织物的K／S值、各项牢度指标和强力均与用Na2SO4作促染剂时相当。     

活性金黄SRE对棉织物的浸轧-真空脱水-湿蒸染色工艺

为提高活性染料传统轧-蒸染色的固色率和染深性,将真空脱水技术引入棉织物的活性染料轧-蒸染色过程。研究了棉织物含水率、汽蒸时间和碳酸钠用量对活性金黄SRE湿蒸染色的影响,并比较了活性金黄SRE采用浸轧-真空脱水-湿蒸(P-Vac-S)工艺与传统浸轧-湿蒸(P-S)工艺染色棉织物的染深性和耐摩擦色牢度。结果表明;浸轧含25 g/L活性金黄SRE染液的棉织物,将其含水率真空脱水至20%~30%,再进行湿蒸,棉织物的上染率(K/S值)和染料固色率相对较高;含水率为(25±2)%的棉织物湿蒸染色的适宜汽蒸时间和碳酸钠质量浓度分别为5 min和25 g/L;采用活性金黄SRE经P-Vac-S工艺染色棉织物的K/S值比采用P-S工艺染色的K/S值高15%~30%,但是经前者染色棉织物的耐摩擦色牢度比后者略差。     

蚕丝∕棉交织物的阳离子改性及其染色性能

 采用色媒体预处理真丝/棉交织物,可实现活性染料无盐碱染色。采用不同活性染料对改性后的真丝/棉交织物进行一浴法染色,通过分析同色平衡值K及色差?E,优选适合改性真丝/棉交织物一浴法染色的三原色活性染料。讨论了色媒体用量、改性温度、改性时间等因素对真丝/棉交织物同浴染色的影响,并通过正交试验分析确定了真丝/棉交织物改性的最佳工艺。实验结果表明,改性丝/棉织物无盐碱染色工艺与传统染色工艺相比,上染率、固色率、同色性和纤维的强力保留率都得到提高,且染色牢度相当。     

羊毛/棉织物一浴法染色

采用中性固色活性染料对羊毛/棉模拟交织物一浴法染色,分析了中性固色活性染料对羊毛和棉织物的上染情况,探讨了染色温度、pH值、氯化钠质量浓度对羊毛和棉浅色染色同色性的影响,以及酸性染料用量对羊毛和棉深色染色同色性的影响,测试了染色织物的牢度。研究结果表明:当中性固色活性染料用量0.5%(owf),pH值为5,95℃染色60 min,羊毛和棉织物可获得很好的同色性,当中性固色活性染料用量3%(owf),加入少量酸性染料,pH值为7,95℃染色60 min,羊毛和棉织物可获得很好的同色性。     

棉锦(包芯氨纶)斜纹布开幅式染整工艺

针对棉锦(包芯氨纶)斜纹布在生产加工中有易起皱,生产效率低,产品色差大,布面不平整等缺点,采用棉锦(包芯氨纶)斜纹布连续开幅式染整新工艺,即常温精练漂白打卷;快速丝光,以防纤维浸渍溶胀;丝光后高温定形;棉锦二浴染色.该工艺生产的织物不易起皱,得色率高,染色牢度好,色相范围广.     

Dyeability,Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Aspects of Bombyx Mori Muslin Silk Fabric with Bi-Functional Reactive Dyes

ABSTRACT

Bombyx mori

muslin silk fabric was dyed with three different bi-functional reactive dyes in exhaust method. Dyeability of the silk fabric was analyzed by reflectance spectra, microscopic appearance, color strength, and saturation limit. Thermal influence on dye exhaustion, migration index, level dyeing factor, and color fastness properties were also investigated. Different kinetic models were approached to study dynamic behavior of dye adsorption and predictability of the models was assessed by co-efficient of regression (r²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Some physico-chemical parameters such as activation energy and chemical potential of dyeing were also evaluated. Brilliant color was observed on silk by all class of reactive dyes. A controlled dyeing condition was also suggested to avoid the risk of unlevel dyeing. Wet fastness properties exhibited excellent results on silk fabric. The adsorption data conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetic model with r ² ≥ 0.94 and the activation energy (ΔE) valued (≥55 kJ/mol) within the range of chemisorption for all dyes. The increase of negativity of chemical potential supported higher dye uptake on silk at elevated temperature.     

Optimization of Eco-Friendly Reactive Dyeing of Cellulose Fabrics Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid with Different Humidity

An eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabrics with Reactive Golden Yellow K-2RA was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with different humidity. Effect of dyeing temperature, pressure, time, dye concentration, and gas humidity on the dyeing properties of cellulose was investigated. The results indicated that good dyeing effect was achieved because of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of monochlorotriazine reactive group in Reactive Golden Yellow K-2RA and hydroxyl functional groups in cotton. The color strength of dyed samples was improved with the variation of dyeing conditions. An optimized eco-friendly dyeing of cellulose fabrics was recommended with a dyeing temperature of 90°C, a dyeing pressure of 20 MPa, a dye concentration of 5%, and gas humidity of 5% for 60 min in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Furthermore, acceptable washing, rubbing and light fastness rated over 4 were obtained.