Multi-response optimization of thermophysiological comfort properties of polyester filament woven fabrics

Microfilament woven fabrics are used in many products such as sportswear, rainclothes, windproof clothes, sleeping bags and surgical gowns and for these products, thermophysiological comfort properties are of prime importance. In this study, it is intended to investigate the effects of filament linear density and weft sett on thermophysiological comfort properties. Also, an optimization model was developed to determine the optimum filament linear density and weft sett for the best response variables of air permeability, water vapour permeability and thermal resistance. Four different weft sett and five different filament linear densities were applied in weft direction with three different weave types. In doing so, 60 woven fabric samples were produced. According to ANOVA results and experimental observations, it is observed that, the effect of filament linear density on air and water vapour permeability was minor on microfilament range, whereas the differences between conventional filament and microfilament sample groups are considerable. Also, higher weft sett causes decreasing of air and water vapour permeability. On the other hand, there is no obvious consistent trend for thermal resistance of samples with different filament linear density and weft sett.     

织物折皱回复性能的研究

把毛织物看成是具有内摩擦约束的弹性条，利用能量分析的方法对毛织物在折皱回复时的回复力与变形的关系进行了分析，通过；简单的模型及公式将织物在回复过程中的重要性质表征出来，理论与实测结果基本吻合。     

Development of woven stretch fabrics and analysis on handle,stretch, and pressure comfort

Twelve stretchable fabrics are woven in two sets with one set in 50^s and 60^s 100% cotton in warp and 40^s, 50^s, and 60^s cotton core spun lycra yarn in weft and another set with 2/75 and 2/120?Nm silk in warp with 40^s, 50^s, and 60^s cotton core spun lycra yarn in weft. Hundred percent cotton sari blouse materials commercially available in the market are also included for a comparative study of pressure distribution between cotton core spun lycra fabrics and cotton blouse materials. The influence of fabric specification on total hand value (THV), stretch properties, and pressure comfort is analyzed. The effects of body shape and fabric mechanical properties on garment pressure are also analyzed. The results indicated that the finer counts of cotton core spun lycra woven with cotton and silk to elasticize fabrics provided improved hand feel, stretch, and pressure comfort values. The average pressure value of the samples at the major pressure points with the cotton/cotton core spun lycra samples and silk/cotton core spun lycra samples is lower than 100% cotton samples’ fabric physical properties, stretch properties, mechanical properties, and THV significantly influenced the pressure distribution and comfort of garments.     

Modeling the effect of elastane linear density,fabric thread density,and weave float on the stretch,recovery, and compression properties of bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of elastane linear density, thread density, and weave float on the stretch, recovery, and compression properties of bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments. Fabric samples were produced using elastane core-spun cotton yarns both in the warp and weft. The elastane linear density, fabric thread density, and weave float size were used as input variables while fabric contraction, subgarment pressure, fabric stretch, and recovery were taken as response variables. Two different elastane linear densities, i.e. 44 and 78 dtex, two different thread densities, and three different weave designs, i.e. 1/1 plain, 2/2 z-twill, and 3/3 z-twill were used. The results of fabric samples were analyzed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R-sq values) of the regression equations showed good prediction ability of the developed statistical models. The findings of the study may be helpful in deciding appropriate manufacturing specifications of bi-stretch fabrics to attain specific stretch, recovery, and compression properties.     

DTOPSIS法和灰色关联度法在新引烤烟新品种综合评价中的应用比较

采用灰色关联度分析法和DTOPSIS法对烤烟引进新品种进行了多性状的综合评判,研究结果表明:两种分析方法都能较全面的评判品种,但两种综合评价方法的评判结果存在一定的差异。在赋予了相同权重的情况下,灰色关联度方法品种间差异不大,DTOPSIS法评价结果中Ci值差异明显,能更好反映品种的优劣,在参试品种较多或需对参试品种归类或淘汰时,DTOPSIS法比灰色关联度法更加适用。     

Comparison of compression properties of stretchable knitted fabrics and bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments

Stretchable fabrics have diverse applications ranging from casual apparel to performance sportswear and compression therapy. Compression therapy is the universally accepted treatment for the management of hypertrophic scarring after severe burns. Mostly stretchable knitted fabrics are used in compression therapy; but in the recent past, some studies have also been found on bi-stretch woven fabrics being used as compression garments as they also have been found quite effective in the treatment of edema. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to compare the compression properties of stretchable knitted and bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments. For this purpose, four woven structures and four knitted structures were produced having same areal density and their compression, comfort and mechanical properties were compared before and after 5, 10 and 15 washes. The four knitted structures used were single jersey, single locaste, plain pique and honeycomb, whereas the four woven structures produced were 1/1 plain, 2/1 twill, 3/1 twill and 4/1 twill. The compression properties of the produced samples were tested by using kikuhime pressure sensor and it was found that bi-stretch woven fabrics possessed better compression properties before and after washes and retain their durability after repeated use, whereas knitted stretchable fabrics lost their compression ability after repeated use and the required sub-garment pressure of the knitted structures after 15 washes was almost half that of woven bi-stretch fabrics.     

Analysis of thermal properties of multilayered fabrics by full factorial and Taguchi method

The present paper reports the thermal and evaporative resistances of multilayered fabric ensembles meant for cold weather conditions. A three-layered structure was used to simulate the multilayered fabric ensemble. Knitted, through air-bonded nonwoven and coated fabrics were used as inner, middle and outer layer fabrics, respectively. Inner and middle layer fabrics were varied in mass per unit area in three different levels. Three different coated fabrics, namely, polyester polymer-coated fabric and two different polytetrafluoroethylene-coated fabrics which vary in pore size and porosity were used in outer layer. Taguchi’s L₉ orthogonal array, meant for three variables and three levels were used to form nine different multilayered fabric ensembles. Signal to noise ratio was studied to predict and optimize the thermal properties of multilayered fabric ensembles. Full factorial design was used to study the effectiveness of predicting thermal properties of multilayered fabrics using Taguchi’s approach. Regression equations were developed and contour plots were drawn to analyse the effect of chosen parameters on thermal properties of fabrics. In both the methods, the percentage contributions of each factor for thermal and evaporative resistances of multilayered fabrics were studied using sum of squares method. It was found that the Taguchi’s method reduces the number of experiments significantly and predicts the thermal properties of multilayered fabrics with good prediction performance. Mass per unit area of inner layer was found to have no significant effect on thermal and evaporative resistances of multilayered fabric ensembles. Mass per unit area of through air-bonded nonwoven fabric was found to be the most significant parameter in determining the thermal resistance of multilayered fabrics. Mass per unit area of middle layer and pore size of coated fabrics were found to contribute almost equal level in deciding the evaporative resistance of multilayered fabrics.     

基于灰色关联模型的食品安全监管满意度影响因素分析

主要对食品安全监管满意度的主要影响因素进行分析。针对食品安全监管满意度影响因素众多的问题,使用食品安全法律体系规范程度、食品行业监管与执法力度、食品安全宣传力度、食品安全认证机制完善程度、食品安全事件政府应急反应能力建设等影响因素设置调查问卷。根据调研得到的数据,通过灰色关联分析的方法寻找影响食品安全监管满意度的最重要影响因素,并把上述5个因素按重要程度进行排序。根据实际调研数据得到的计算结果,发现食品安全认证机制完善程度对食品安全监管满意度的影响程度最大,食品行业监管与执法力度次之。因而政府在提升食品安全监管满意度时,应着力从食品安全认证机制完善程度、加强食品行业监管与执法力度方面入手,提升民众的食品安全监管满意度。      

织物热湿舒适性能评价指标的灰色理论研究

选用珍珠纤维、莫代尔纤维、大豆纤维、竹纤维、聚乳酸纤维等新型再生纤维及普通棉共9种针织内衣织物进行对比实验.使用GB/T 11048-1989平板式保温仪法与GB/T 12704-1991透湿杯法等常规方法对试样进行测试,得出各试样的热湿舒适性能指标,并与ISO 11092出汗热板仪法测出的试样热阻、湿阻结果进行了比较...     

Optimizing the performance of woven protective gloves using grey relational analysis

This study investigates the performance level of different protective gloves produced from woven fabrics, and optimizing their performance using grey relational analysis (GRA). The fabric areal density and poly vinyl chloride (PVC) dotting were the variables used to produce nine different glove samples. The performance of developed gloves was evaluated in terms of abrasion resistance, blade cut resistance, puncture resistance and tear strength. It was concluded that cut and puncture resistance are not affected by dotting type or increase in areal density (GSM). Tear resistance is improved by increasing GSM of the fabric, while abrasion resistance increases with increase in the diameter of dot. The grey relational analysis was performed to optimize the performance of gloves. It was found that the glove produced with 559 GSM fabric and 35 dots/inch² offered best performance against all responses.     

Modeling the mechanical and compression properties of polyamide/elastane knitted fabrics used in compression sportswear

A compression sportswear fabric should have excellent stretch and recovery properties in order to improve the performance of the sportsman. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of elastane linear density and loop length on the stretch, recovery, and compression properties of the weft-knitted polyamide/elastane (PA/EL) stretchable fabrics used in sportswear. Two different tests were performed to study the stretch and recovery properties of the fabric 1st: under low power force and 2nd: cyclic loading under high tension force. Kikuhime pressure sensor was used to measure the pressure generated by different PA/EL knitted sample garment sleeves. It was found that with the increase in elastane linear density there is an increase in fabric course density, areal density, recovery percentage, and compression, and fabric stretch percentage and elongation percentage decreased in both course and wale direction. The results of fabric samples were analyzed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R² values) of the regression equations showed good prediction ability of the developed statistical models.     

产酸优势醋酸菌的分离及其增殖产酸与乙醇的灰色关联分析

为了从自然界中分离得到产酸能力较强的醋酸菌,并明确发酵基质中乙醇浓度对醋酸菌细胞增殖和产酸量的相关关系。实验以腐烂的菠萝果实为原料进行醋酸菌分离纯化,选取溶钙圈较大的菌落进行发酵产酸对比实验,经过对发酵液含酸量的测定,找出产酸量最大的菌株,然后将目标菌分别接种到不同乙醇浓度的发酵液进行恒温发酵,经过一定时间后检测各个发酵液的醋酸菌细胞总量和产酸量,所得数据用灰色关联分析法处理,通过计算获得醋酸菌细胞增殖和产酸量与乙醇浓度的关联度,并比较两者的关联序。实验结果获得一株产酸能力相对较强的醋酸菌S1,发酵液乙醇浓度与S1产酸量和细胞增殖的关联度分别是0.655、0.517。结果表明:乙醇对S1产酸量关联显著(关联度>0.6),而对S1细胞增殖关联不显著(关联度<0.6),乙醇对醋酸菌产酸的影响效果大于对其细胞增殖的影响。      

黑树莓夸克最佳工艺参数组合的灰色分析

以鲜牛乳和黑树莓果汁为主要原料,采用多目标灰色组合决策原理对黑树莓夸克生产中主要工艺参数CaCl2添加量、酶用量、切割pH值进行灰色分析.结果表明:黑树莓夸克主要工艺参数的最优组合为CaCl2添加量0.02％、酶用量40mg/L、切割pH值为4.6.     

田口方法优化菌株产菊粉酶的培养条件

鉴定一株从菊芋根际土壤中分离出的产外切型菊粉酶活力较高的菌株C-56。通过16S r DNA序列分析构建系统发育树,初步确定菌株的分类地位,利用单因素实验和田口方法优化培养基配方。实验发现菌株C-56属于伯克霍尔德氏菌属（Burkholderia）,单因素实验确定菌株产酶的最佳碳源、氮源、无机盐分别为菊粉、酵母膏、Mg SO4·7H2O。应用田口方法优化菌株的培养基,统计学分析发现菊粉对菌株产酶的影响最大,最佳培养基配方为菊粉50 g/L,酵母浸粉20 g/L,Mg SO4·7H2O 6 g/L,p H6.0。在最佳条件下获得的菊粉酶活力为（29.34±1.95）U/m L,比初始菊粉酶酶活力（6.25±0.84）U/m L提高了3.69倍。      

基于ABAQUS的三原组织机织物拉伸力学性能模拟

为更好地了解平纹、斜纹和经面缎纹3种基本组织纯棉机织物抵抗外力拉伸变形的能力,在实际测量织物结构参数的基础上,提出一种评价和预测机织物拉伸性能的方法;借助专业纺织建模软件Texgen建立织物三维细观模型;利用有限元软件ABAQUS,依据织物拉伸环境设置材料属性、相互作用和边界条件等计算模型数值解;通过织物拉伸强力测试实验验证数值模拟结果的有效性。结果表明:平纹织物、斜纹织物和经面缎纹织物拉伸应力、应变模拟结果与实验测试结果差异率均在6%以内;在原料、经纬纱密度和捻度、织物经纬密都相同的条件下,平纹织物抵抗外力变形的能力更强。     

基于灰色关联模型的针织物热湿舒适性分析与预测

为了实现对针织物热湿舒适性能的预测,对7种针织物进行物理性能测试,对影响针织物热湿舒适性的因素进行了灰色关联度分析,得出对热湿舒适性影响显著的针织物性能指标主要为瞬间冷暖感、导热系数、透湿量、厚度;在此基础上,运用灰色预测方法建立了针织物热湿舒适性与针织物测试性能指标之间的灰色关联模型,从而在得知针织物的瞬间冷暖感、导热系数、透湿量、厚度的情况下实现对针织物热湿舒适性的预测分析。     

Finite element analysis of monofilament woven fabrics under uniaxial tension

Mechanical behavior of woven fabrics under tensile load is complex because their deformation could result from the combined effects of tension, compression, bending, and shear. In this study, the tensile behavior of woven fabrics is simulated using finite element method. The input parameters are the mechanical properties of constituent yarns obtained from tensile and friction coefficient tests and the geometry of woven fabric repeating unit. First, a 3D geometric model of the repeating unit based on Pierce’s model was built using computer-aided design tools. Then, finite element analysis which incorporates material properties, frictional contact, and periodic boundary conditions was implemented using ANSYS. A non-linear mechanical behavior was defined. Frictional contact algorithm for the cross-sectional zone of the repeating unit and periodic boundary conditions to the contour of the repeating unit was implemented. Numerical simulation data and experimental data were compared, which showed good agreement.     

基于灰色关联法的短支烟烟丝结构优化研究

采用灰色关联法对切丝后、烘丝后、加香后、卷烟机料斗处的烟丝结构进行关联性分析,确定最优切丝尺寸,并用烟丝截短设备对其进行优化。结果表明:短支卷烟整体存在整丝率低,长丝率高的问题,其中整丝率80.00%,长丝率40.00%,中丝率占20.00%～30.00%,碎丝率2.00%;切丝后6.50～8.00 mm烟丝与烘丝后3.35～8.00 mm烟丝、烘丝后3.35～10.00 mm烟丝与加香后2.50～6.50 mm烟丝、加香后3.35～8.00 mm烟丝与卷烟机料斗处3.35～8.00 mm烟丝均存在较强正关联性;通过烟丝截短设备切短切丝6.50～8.00 mm烟丝后,短支卷烟长丝率降低了10.79%,中丝率增加了15.13%,烟支质量标偏、吸阻标偏、硬度标偏、端部落丝量分别降低了9.52%,2.11%,22.46%,23.21%,卷烟质量得到明显改善。     

基于灰关联的山西老陈醋有机酸特征成分分析研究

以市售山西老陈醋为试验样品,对其不挥发酸和有机酸进行测定,并采用灰关联分析方法对山西老陈醋中的不挥发酸与乳酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、α-酮戊二酸共6种有机酸进行关联度分析.结果表明：其中乳酸、琥珀酸、α-酮戊二酸与不挥发酸的关联度高,因此初步确定乳酸、琥珀酸、α-酮戊二酸、苹果酸为山西老陈醋有机酸特征成分.