电厂发电系统谐波危害及其控制探讨

电力系统谐波电流对电网的污染是由来已久的问题,文中对电厂发电系统的谐波治理进行了探讨研究,首先简单分析了谐波电流的产生根源及其危害性,重点探讨了电厂发电系统谐波电流的抑制措施,分析了常用的谐波电流抑制措施,并给出了具体的电网谐波电流整治方案。从整流装置和变频装置两个角度论述了谐波电流的整治方案和应用措施。     

谐波注入串联三相桥式12脉波整流电路的研究

简要分析串联三相桥式12脉波整流电路的基本原理,针对谐波对电网的影响以及提高功率因素,采用谐波注入三相桥式12脉波整流电路,实现24脉波无源多电平整流.基于matlab/simlink建立谐波注入12脉波整流电路的仿真模型.实验结果表明,谐波注入法明显降低交流侧电流的谐波含量和输入电流总畸变率(THD),同时改善功率因素,大大降低了谐波对电网的干扰,提高了电能的利用率.     

基于智能整流技术的电网电流谐波补偿方法研究

目前用于电网电流谐波补偿的电器设备,主要以PWM整流器为主。基于PWM整流器的电源产品只能被动地减小自身向电网输出的谐波电流,而对电网中业已存在的电流谐波污染束手无策。为了解决电网中电流谐波污染以及相关联的电压波形失真问题,采用基于SRM(智能整流模块)技术对电网电流谐波进行补偿。仿真结果表明,基于SRM的电力电子装置在从电网吸取电流并在向负载供电的同时,还能对电网电压的波形进行补偿,使电网电压波形接近正弦波形。     

变频器电网干扰和抗干扰对策

电网中的谐波干扰主要通过变频器的供电电源干扰变频器。电网中存在大量谐波源如各种整流设备、交直流互换设备、电子电压调整设备，非线性负载及照明设备等。这些负荷都使电网中的电压、电流产生波形畸变，从而对电网中其它设备产生危害的干扰。变频器的供电电源受到来自被污染的交流电网的干扰后若不加处理，电网噪声就会通过电网电源电路干扰变频器。供电电源的干扰对变频器主要有：     

谐波电流发射超标的分析和改进

分析谐波电流发射测试失败原由,探讨谐波电流发射抑制措施;指出在 AC 输入回路和整流桥之间加滤波器难以使谐波电流发射值降低到标准规定限值以内。可通过在源头将产生谐波的关键零部件隔离、采用功率因素校正和在源头对波形失真进行补偿等措施使谐波电流控制在标准限值以内。     

谐波补偿技术在雷达电源系统中的应用

开关电源在雷达电源系统中的广泛应用,使得电网中的电流谐波污染越来越严重.文中通过对雷达电源系统产生的电流谐波的危害分析,提出了采用谐波补偿技术抑制谐波电流的方法.介绍了无源和并联有源谐波滤波器的工作原理及特点,并给出了不同的谐波滤波器在雷达电源系统中的应用测试结果.实测结果表明,谐波滤波器对雷达电源系统产生的谐波电流都有明显的抑制作用.     

单相PWM整流器控制方法及谐波分析

传统二极管不控整流或晶闸管相控整流,对电网注入大量谐波及无功功率,造成电源污染.PWM整流器采用全控型开关器件取代二极管或半控型器件,并将PWM控制技术引入整流器,在稳定直流电压输出同时,使交流侧电源电流接近正弦波,实现能量的双向流动.通过介绍单相PWM整流器的控制方法,利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型,比较分析不同控制方式下PWM整流器运行时电压波形及输入电流的谐波频谱.     

一种谐波电流超标问题的分析与解决

带有桥式整流滤波电路的设备在电磁兼容性试验中普遍存在谐波电流检测超标现象,通过对这些超标现象进行分析,找出其谐波电流产生的原因,提出无源功率因数校正和有源功率因数校正两种解决方案,并对两种方法的优缺点进行了分析。通过实验证明,采用无源功率因数校正法,谐波电流整体下降了约10dB,采用有源功率功率因数校正法,谐波电流整体下降了约20dB,两种方法都能使原超标设备满足标准要求,验证了上述两种方法的有效性。     

PFC-IGBT整流技术

UPS采用PFC-IGBT整流技术,防止了整流器产生的谐波电流对电网的干扰,该技术是控制谐波影响的最佳解决方案之一。     

电子电路中谐波噪声的抑制措施

为了揭示谐波噪声的根源,对传输信号的谐波电流进行比较实验。采用两种主要方法消灭谐波噪声:(1)被动降噪法,即采用旁路、屏蔽、接地、无源或有源滤波方法来限制谐波噪声;(2)主动降噪法,即设计乘法器方式整流电路来改善电子产品开关电源的电压与电流的相位,完成两者同相,减少电源中谐波含量。实践中,使用这些措施去抑制电子产品的谐波噪声,都达到了事半功倍的效果。     

单相三电平PWM整流器3次谐波改善方法

由于三电平整流器功率器件承受电压应力小、输入电流谐波少、正弦度好。因此,文中选取单相三电平PWM整流器为研究对象。分析了各个工作状态下的开关组合及整流器的工作原理,同时选取瞬态直接电流控制作为电流内环控制方法对系统进行了仿真。同时分析了单相PWM整流器网侧电流的3次谐波产生原因,且采用了一种新型谐波抑制方法来消除此3次谐波。通过仿真验证了该新型控制算法对抑制网侧电流3次谐波的有效性,并降低了网侧电流的总谐波畸变率     

A Simple, Passive 24-Pulse AC–DC Converter With Inherent Load Balancing

A new converter topology for a three-phase multipulse rectifier circuit is described. This converter draws almost sinusoidal currents from the ac system with very low harmonic content and typically less than 3% total harmonic distortion. The topology uses only passive components and has a lower component count than other rectifier circuits with similar performance. Two six-pulse rectifier bridges are connected in series, fed by a series connection of transformers, to form a 12-pulse system. An additional low power harmonic injection circuit enhances the performance of the circuit to obtain low harmonic current pollution levels that are comparable with those achieved from a 24-pulse rectifier. The circuit operation is explained and experimental results are presented.     

Low-harmonic, three-phase rectifier that applies current injection and a passive resistance emulator

A new three-phase diode bridge rectifier that provides low harmonic distortion of the input currents applying current injection technique is proposed in this paper. The rectifier applies a novel passive resistance emulator consisting of four diodes and a transformer with the volt-ampere rating of 3.57% of the rectifier-rated power. Optimization of the transformer turns ratio is performed in order to minimize the input current total harmonic distortion (THD). It is shown that with the optimal turns ratio the input current THD equals 3.72%. Dependence of the input current THD on the load current is analyzed, and it is shown that at low load currents the rectifier operates in the discontinuous conduction mode with the THD of 7.79%. The analytical results are experimentally verified on a 2 kW rectifier, indicating that the input current THD lower than 8% is provided within a wide range of the load current variations applying simple circuitry.     

Harmonic current reduction in a three-phase diode bridge rectifier

A novel method for reducing harmonic currents on the AC supply side of a three-phase bridge rectifier is presented. The principle of the method is to modify the current waveforms in the DC windings of the converter transformer by injecting a third harmonic current into the neutral point of the transformer. Passive LC filters connected between the rectifier output and the secondary neutral point act as third harmonic current sources. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by laboratory recordings     

Programmable PFC based hybrid multipulse power rectifier for ultra clean power application

A novel hybrid three-phase rectifier is proposed. It is capable to achieve high input power factor (PF) and low total harmonic input currents distortion (THD/sub I/). The proposed hybrid high power rectifier is composed by a standard three-phase six-pulse diode rectifier (Graetz bridge) with a parallel connection of single-phase Sepic rectifiers in each three-phase rectifier leg. Such topology results in a structure capable of programming the input current waveform and providing conditions for obtaining high input power factor and low harmonic current distortion. In order to validate the proposed hybrid rectifier, this work describes its principles, with detailed operation, simulation, experimental results, and discussions on power rating of the required Sepic converters as related to the desired total harmonic current distortion. It is demonstrated that only a fraction of the output power is processed through the Sepic converters, making the proposed solution economically viable for very high power installations, with fast investment payback. Moreover, retrofitting to existing installations is also feasible since the parallel path can be easily controlled by integration with the existing dc-link. A prototype has been implemented in the laboratory and it was fully demonstrated to both operate with excellent performance and be feasibly implemented in higher power applications.     

Active damping control of a high-power PWM current-source rectifier for line-current THD reduction

The use of active damping to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current for medium-voltage (2.3-7.2 kV) high-power pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) current-source rectifiers is investigated. The rectifier requires an LC filter connected at its input terminals, which constitutes an LC resonant mode. The lightly damped LC filter is prone to series and parallel resonances when tuned to a system harmonic either from the utility or from the PWM rectifier. These issues are traditionally addressed at the design stage by properly choosing the filter resonant frequency. This approach may result in a limited performance since the LC resonant frequency is a function of the power system impedance, which usually varies with power system operating conditions. In this paper, an active damping control method is proposed for the reduction in line current THD of high-power current-source rectifiers operating at a switching frequency of only 540 Hz. Two types of LC resonances are investigated: the parallel resonance excited by harmonic currents drawn by the rectifier and the series resonance caused by harmonic pollution in the source voltage. It is demonstrated through simulation and experiments that the proposed active damping control can effectively reduce the line-current THD caused by both parallel and series resonances.