应用于无线传感网络SoC的逐次逼近A/D转换器

设计了应用于无线传感网络SoC解决方案的10位150 kS/s 逐次逼近A/D转换器.通过失调消除技术、合理的时序控制和版图设计,实现了电路的高精度和低功耗.设计的A/D转换器积分非线性和微分非线性分别为0.54 LSB和0.8 LSB;在150 kS/s采样率、14.3 kHz输入信号频率时,信噪比为60.8 dB,无杂散动态范围83.1 dB.设计实现基于TSMC 0.18 μm混合信号CMOS工艺,IP核面积为0.083 mm2,1.8 V工作电压下功耗为0.56 mW.     

一种10位200 kS/s 65 nm CMOS SAR ADC IP核

该文基于65 nm CMOS低漏电工艺,设计了一种用于触摸屏SoC的8通道10位200 kS/s逐次逼近寄存器型(Successive Approximation Register,SAR) A/D转换器(Analog-to-Digital Converter,ADC) IP核。在D/A转换电路的设计上,采用7MSB (Most-Significant-Bit) + 3LSB (Least-Significant-Bit) R-C混合D/A转换方式,有效减小了IP核的面积,并通过采用高位电阻梯复用技术有效减小了系统对电容的匹配性要求。在比较器的设计上,通过采用一种低失调伪差分比较技术,有效降低了输入失调电压。在版图设计上,结合电容阵列对称布局以及电阻梯伪电阻包围的版图设计方法进行设计以提高匹配性能。整个IP核的面积为322m267m。在2.5 V模拟电压以及1.2 V数字电压下,当采样频率为200 kS/s,输入频率为1.03 kHz时,测得的无杂散动态范围(Spurious-Free Dynamic Range,SFDR)和有效位数(Effective Number Of Bits,ENOB)分别为68.2 dB和9.27,功耗仅为440W,测试结果表明本文ADC IP核非常适合嵌入式系统的应用。     

一种1.8V 10位120MS/s CMOS电流舵D/A转换器IP核

采用低摆幅低交叉点的高速CMOS电流开关驱动器结构和中心对称Q2随机游动对策拓扑方式的pMOS电流源阵列版图布局方式,基于TSMC 0.18靘 CMOS工艺实现了一种1.8V 10位120MS/s分段温度计译码电流舵CMOS电流舵D/A转换器IP核.当电源电压为1.8V时,D/A转换器的微分非线性误差和积分非线性误差分别为0.25LSB和0.45LSB,当采样频率为120MHz,输出频率为24.225MHz时的SFDR为64.9dB.10位D/A转换器的有效版图面积为0.43mm×0.52mm,符合SOC的嵌入式设计要求.     

一种1.8V 10位120MS/s CMOS电流舵D/A转换器IP核

采用低摆幅低交叉点的高速CMOS电流开关驱动器结构和中心对称Q2随机游动对策拓扑方式的pMOS电流源阵列版图布局方式,基于TSMC 0.18靘 CMOS工艺实现了一种1.8V 10位120MS/s分段温度计译码电流舵CMOS电流舵D/A转换器IP核.当电源电压为1.8V时,D/A转换器的微分非线性误差和积分非线性误差分别为0.25LSB和0.45LSB,当采样频率为120MHz,输出频率为24.225MHz时的SFDR为64.9dB.10位D/A转换器的有效版图面积为0.43mm×0.52mm,符合SOC的嵌入式设计要求.     

一种1.5 V 8位100 MS/s电流舵D/A转换器

基于新型的低压与温度成正比(PTAT)基准源和PMOS衬底驱动低压运算放大器技术,采用分段温度计译码结构设计了一种1.5V8位100MS/s电流舵D/A转换器,工艺为TSMC0.25μm2P5MCMOS。当采样频率为100MHz,输出频率为20MHz时,SFDR为69.5dB,D/A转换器的微分非线性误差(DNL)和积分非线性误差(INL)的典型值分别为0.32LSB和0.52LSB。整个D/A转换器的版图面积为0.75mm×0.85mm,非常适合SOC的嵌入式应用。     

一种11位80 MS/s分段式电流舵DAC的设计与验证

基于SMIC 0.13 μm CMOS工艺,在3.3 V/1.2 V(模拟/数字)双电源下,设计了一种11位80 MS/s的数/模转换器(DAC)。电路采用分段式电流舵结构,高6位为温度计码,低5位为二进制码。该DAC应用于无线通信SoC的模拟前端。IP核尺寸为960 μm ×740 μm,功耗40 mW,电路仿真结果显示,DAC的最大积分非线性误差和微分非线性误差分别为0.5 LSB和0.3 LSB。在20 MHz输出信号频率和80 MHz采样率下,DAC差分输出的SFDR为80 dB。设计的电路已经通过MPW流片验证,给出了DAC芯片照片与实测数据。     

基于混合结构的一种高性能90nm CMOS逐次逼近A/D转换器

实现了一种10位2.5MS/s逐次逼近A/D转换器。在电路设计上采用了R-C混合结构D/A转换、伪差分比较结构以及低功耗电平转换方式实现。为了实现好的匹配性能,在版图布局上分别采用电阻梯伪电阻包围对策以及电容阵列共中心对称布局方式进行布局。整个A/D转换器基于90nm CMOS工艺实现,在3.3V模拟电源电压以及1.0V数字电源电压下,测得的DNL和INL分别为0.36LSB和0.69LSB。在采样频率为2.5MS/s,输入频率为1.2MHz时,测得的SFDR和ENOB分别为72.86dB和9.43bits。包括输出驱动在内,测得整个转换器的功耗为6.62mW。整个转换器的面积约为238um×214um。设计结果显示该转换器性能良好,非常适合多电源嵌入式SoC的应用。     

一种11位80MS/s分段式电流舵DAC的设计与验证

基于SMIC 0.13μm CMOS工艺,在3.3V/1.2V(模拟/数字)双电源下,设计了一种11位80MS/s的数/模转换器(DAC)。电路采用分段式电流舵结构,高6位为温度计码,低5位为二进制码。该DAC应用于无线通信SoC的模拟前端。IP核尺寸为960μm×740μm,功耗40mW,电路仿真结果显示,DAC的最大积分非线性误差和微分非线性误差分别为0.5LSB和0.3LSB。在20MHz输出信号频率和80MHz采样率下,DAC差分输出的SFDR为80dB。设计的电路已经通过MPW流片验证,给出了DAC芯片照片与实测数据。     

一种基于0.13m CMOS工艺的10位SAR A/D转换器

基于SMIC0.13μm CMOS1P6M Logic工艺,采用一种新型R-C组合式D/A转换结构、伪差分比较结构以及低功耗电平转换结构设计了一种用于多电源SoC的10位8通道逐次逼近型A/D转换器。在3.3V模拟电源电压和1.2V数字电源电压下,测得DNL和INL分别为0.31LSB和0.63LSB。当采样频率为1MS/s,输入信号频率为490kHz时,测得的SFDR为67.33dB,ENOB为9.48bits,功耗为3.25mW。该A/D转换器版图面积为318μm×270μm,能直接应用于嵌入式多电源SoC。     

0.18 μm 1.8 V 10 bit 100 MS/s CMOS电流舵D/A IP设计与验证

基于GSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,采用曲率补偿带隙参考电压源和中心对称Q2随机游动对策拓扑方式的NMOS电流源阵列版图布局,实现了一种10 bit 100 MS/s分段温度计译码CMOS电流舵D/A转换器.当电源电压为1.8 V时,D/A转换器的功耗为10 mW,微分非线性误差和积分非线性误差分别为1 LSB和0.5 LSB.在取样速率为100 MS/s,输出频率为5 MHz条件下,SFDR为70 dB,10 bit D/A转换器的有效版图面积为0.2 mm2,符合SOC的嵌入式设计要求.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.