D型偏心支撑钢框架耗能梁段性能分析

D型偏心支撑是广泛应用于钢框架偏心支撑结构中的耗能形式之一。它是在中心支撑结构基础上改良的一种钢框架支撑形式,它不但继承了中心支撑钢框架抗侧移刚度和强度大的优点,还结合了抗弯钢框架结构中梁柱节点的良好的的抗弯性能;同时又解决了中心支撑框架中支撑斜杆重复压屈后抗压承载力降低从而导致延性差等问题,即通过支撑斜杆至少有一端与梁相连从而在梁端形成的耗能梁段来耗散地震能量,从而保证支撑不先发生受压屈曲。本文采用理论分析与有限元分析相结合的方法,先用虚功原理对耗能梁段与钢框架的承载力关系做出了推导,然后用ABAQUS有限元软件对8种具有不同耗能梁段长度的D型偏心支撑钢框架建立有限元模型,进行非线性有限元分析。通过偏心支撑极限承载力和滞回性能的对比分析,表明了耗能梁段的长度的最佳长度范围。耗能梁段过长或者过短都会导致整体结构的抗震性能越差。最后根据有限元分析结果提出了对耗能梁段长度的建议。     

D型偏心支撑钢框架耗能梁段性能研究

通过对具有不同耗能梁段长度的D型偏心支撑钢框架的滞回性能及耗能梁段耗能性能的非线性有限元分析,表明耗能梁段的长度对偏心支撑钢框架的侧向刚度、延性和耗能能力有较大影响。随着耗能梁段长度的增加,D型偏心支撑钢框架的强度、刚度、延性和耗能性能均产生了不同程度的退减现象;耗能梁段越短,其塑性变形越大,进而导致耗能梁段过早塑性破坏的可能性增大。根据有限元模拟结果提出了对耗能梁段长度的设计建议。     

单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框架耗能段长度研究

为研究耗能段长度变化对单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框架滞回性能的影响,应用有限元软件ABAQUS建立6个不同耗能段长度的单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框架模型并对其进行非线性数值分析,研究耗能段长度变化对单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框架承载力、刚度、耗能能力和延性的影响。研究表明:单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框架具有良好的滞回性能,耗能段长度变化对单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框架的承载力、刚度、耗能能力及延性均有较大影响;随着耗能段长度的增加,单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框的承载力及刚度呈降低趋势,耗能能力和延性系数先增大后降低。最后根据有限元分析结果给出了单斜杆式偏心支撑钢框架耗能段长度的合理取值范围。     

Y形偏心支撑钢框架耗能段长度研究

为研究耗能段长度对Y形偏心支撑钢框架滞回性能的影响,应用ABAQUS 13.0建立了8个不同耗能段长度的Y形偏心支撑钢框架模型并对其进行了数值分析,研究了耗能段长度变化对Y形偏心支撑钢框架承载力、刚度、耗能能力和延性的影响。结果表明:Y形偏心支撑钢框架具有良好的滞回性能,耗能段长度变化对Y形偏心支撑钢框架的承载力、刚度、耗能能力及延性均有较大影响;随着耗能段长度的增大,Y形偏心支撑钢框的承载力及刚度呈降低趋势,功比指数和延性系数先增大后降低。此外,根据有限元分析结果确定了Y形偏心支撑钢框架耗能段长度的合理取值。     

高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架抗震性能数值分析

对一个单层单跨剪切屈服型高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架试件的滞回性能进行了低周往复循环试验研究,并且建立了多个层数不同的高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架和Q345钢K型偏心支撑框架有限元模型,对其滞回性能进行了非线性数值分析,对两种结构的承载力、强度退化、刚度退化、延性、耗能能力以及用钢量进行了对比。研究表明:在满足抗震要求的前提下,高强钢组合K型偏心支撑框架的抗震性能良好,略差于相同设计条件下Q345钢K型偏心支撑框架的,但是构件截面较小,可以节省钢材、降低造价,具有较高的经济效益。     

V形偏心支撑钢框架耗能梁段长度研究

为了研究耗能梁段长度对V形偏心支撑钢框架滞回性能的影响,应用ABAQUS V11.0建立了8个不同长度耗能梁段的有限元模型并进行非线性分析,研究了耗能梁段长度变化对V形偏心支撑钢框架承载力、刚度、延性和耗能能力的影响。研究结果表明:V形偏心支撑钢框架具有良好的耗能能力,耗能梁段的长度对V形偏心支撑钢框架的承载力、刚度、延性及耗能性能均有较大影响。随着耗能梁段长度的增加,V形偏心支撑钢框架的刚度及承载力呈降低趋势,延性系数和功比系数先增大后降低。根据有限元分析结果,给出了V形偏心支撑钢框架耗能梁段长度的合理取值范围。     

可更换钢管铅芯阻尼器偏心支撑框架分析

为解决传统偏心支撑结构震后修复困难、经济性差的问题,提出了以钢管铅芯阻尼器作为耗能梁段的可更换耗能梁段偏心支撑结构方案。共设置18组试件,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对不同钢管高径比、径厚比、钢材屈服强度情况下的可更换钢管铅芯阻尼器K型、D型偏心支撑钢框架进行结构分析,考察了耗能梁段、整体框架结构的变形机制、滞回耗能能力以及局部屈曲、局部破坏形态。分析结果表明:可更换钢管铅芯阻尼器偏心支撑框架耗能性能优良、工作性能稳定,钢管铅芯阻尼器首先发生屈服,钢管与铅芯协同工作,并起到主要的耗能作用。在可更换偏心支撑结构实际工程应用中的钢管铅芯阻尼器,建议其钢管高径比宜小于3、钢管径厚比宜大于0.13、钢管钢材宜采用软钢及低屈服点钢。     

K型偏心支撑钢框架耗能梁段长度探讨

通过对具有不同耗能梁段长度的K型偏心支撑钢框架的滞回性能与耗能梁段的耗能性能进行非线性有限元分析结果表明:随着耗能梁段长度的增加,K型偏心支撑钢框架的强度、刚度、延性和耗能性能均产生了不同程度的退化现象;耗能梁段越短,其塑性变形越大,由此而导致耗能梁段过早塑性破坏的可能性也就越大,而耗能梁段过长则抗震性能较差。最后,根据有限元模拟结果对耗能梁段的长度提出了设计建议。     

梁柱连接类型对自复位Y型偏心支撑钢框架滞回性能的影响

将传统Y型偏心支撑钢框架中耗能梁段的制作材料替换为形状记忆合金(SMA)形成一种具有自复位功能的Y型偏心支撑钢框架结构。采用ANSYS软件建立了6组单层、单跨自复位Y型偏心支撑钢框架及纯钢框架的微观有限元模型,重点研究采用刚性连接、齐平式及外伸式端板连接节点对自复位Y型偏心支撑钢框架滞回性能、耗能能力、抗侧刚度及复位能力的影响,并且对比分析了有无Y型支撑对钢框架性能的影响。研究结果表明:采用齐平式及外伸式端板连接的自复位Y型偏心支撑钢框架具有较好的复位能力及延性性能,但与采用刚性节点的自复位Y型偏心支撑钢框架相比,其水平承载力、抗侧刚度及耗能能力略低。     

多层钢框架偏心支撑的抗震性能试验研究

偏心支撑钢框架结构是一种比较理想的多层钢结构抗侧力体系,刚度大,受力性能合理。为了研究偏心支撑钢框架在地震作用下的滞回性能,为多层钢框架偏心支撑结构体系设计提供试验依据,选用耗能梁长度为可变参数,完成了2个不同构造形式的弯曲型耗能梁-偏心支撑框架在水平低周循环荷载下的破坏试验,分析了框架的承载能力及变形特征,研究了框架的破坏模式。研究表明,偏心支撑框架在弹性阶段内具有良好的变形能力,屈服荷载和框架刚度随弯曲型耗能梁长度增加呈下降趋势;偏心支撑框架能够控制框架破坏模式,地震作用下框架在耗能梁段屈服后屈曲破坏,破坏发生在耗能梁端部翼缘和支撑与柱脚连接的节点板位置,降低了梁柱节点受力。     

改良型梁柱节点用于D型偏心支撑钢框架在循环荷载作用下的滞回性能分析

偏心支撑框架结构体系是一种非常适合强震地区的抗震结构体系。D型偏心支撑钢框架结构是偏心支撑结构中常用的一种抗震耗能结构形式,其耗能梁段与柱直接相连,为了满足梁端抗弯承载力的设计要求和保证耗能梁段充分发展剪切塑性变形,一般需要对梁柱连接节点处采取一些加强措施。利用ANSYS有限元程序,针对传统节点比较分析了两种改良型梁柱连接节点的D型偏心支撑框架。分析结果表明,改良型节点的D型偏心支撑将耗能梁段外移不与柱直接相连,有良好的强度、刚度,不仅可以使剪切屈服的区域远离梁翼缘焊缝,而且可以放松钢柱对梁端部的变形约束,从而提高整个耗能梁段的耗能能力。     

长耗能梁-偏心支撑机制对中心支撑钢框架结构抗震性能的影响

为研究地震作用下人字形中心支撑钢框架结构因支撑的部分失效导致的长耗能梁-偏心支撑机制对结构抗震性能的影响,基于ABAQUS建立了6层人字形中心支撑钢框架结构数值模型,开展了增量动力分析与易损性分析,对比了考虑与不考虑长耗能梁-偏心支撑机制时结构抗倒塌性能的差异,分析了结构的损伤演化过程。结果表明:长耗能梁-偏心机制改变了结构的失效过程,抑制了薄弱层的产生与发展,对结构抗震性能具有显著影响,算例结构的倒塌富余度提高20%以上; 梁的抗弯刚度对长耗能梁-偏心支撑机制具有一定影响,较大的刚度将不利于该机制的形成,降低了结构的抗倒塌能力; 在人字形中心支撑钢框架结构体系的设计与分析中,宜考虑长耗能梁-偏心支撑机制,否则将低估结构的抗倒塌性能。     

偏心钢支撑-钢筋混凝土框架的侧移和地震反应

通过对偏心支撑钢筋混凝土框架试验结果的分析以及性能设计和抗震设计位移控制的比较,对其抗震设计中的变形和性能进行研究。为满足性能设计和三水准抗震设计要求,偏心支撑框架结构的侧移限值应比纯框架结构更严格,而且使得支撑的受压屈曲控制在第一水准位移后,将有利于抗震性能的改善。由于偏心钢支撑的作用,偏心支撑框架结构中柱的剪力明显减小,侧向刚度增大,从而有效地避免了框架结构在地震中柱的剪切破坏和过大的侧移。偏心支撑框架结构的地震反应如最大侧移、最大速度、最大加速度明显降低,结果表明,K型支撑是理想的抗震布置方式。     

Seismic performance of Y‐type eccentrically braced frames combined with high‐strength steel based on performance‐based seismic design

In the Y‐type eccentrically braced frame structures, the links as fuses are generally located outside the beams; the links can be easily repairable or replaceable after earthquake without obvious damage in the slab and beam. The non‐dissipative member (beams, braces, and columns) in the Y‐type eccentrically braced frames are overestimated designed to ensure adequate plastic deformation of links with dissipating sufficient energy. However, the traditionally code design not only wastes steel but also limits the application of eccentrically braced frames. In this paper, Y‐type eccentrically braced steel frames with high‐strength steel is proposed; links and braces are fabricated with Q345 steel (the nominal yield stress is 345 MPa); the beams and columns are fabricated with high‐strength steel. The usage of high‐strength steel effectively decreases the cross sections of structural members as well as reduces the construction cost. The performance‐based seismic design of eccentrically braced frames was proposed to achieve the ideal failure mode and the same objective. Based on this method, four groups Y‐type eccentrically braced frames of 5‐story, 10‐story, 15‐story, and 20‐story models with ideal failure modes were designed, and each group includes Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with ordinary steel and Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with high‐strength steel. Nonlinear pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed on all prototypes, and the near‐fault and far‐fault ground motions are considered. The bearing capacity, lateral stiffness, story drift, link rotations, and failure modes were compared. The results indicated that Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with high‐strength steel have a similar bearing capacity to ordinary steel; however, the lateral stiffness of Y‐type eccentrically braced frames with high‐strength steel is smaller. Similar failure modes and story drift distribution of the prototype structures designed using the performance‐based seismic design method are performed under rare earthquake conditions.     

偏心支撑框架设计新进展

介绍了美国新标准对偏心支撑框架设计的修订,并对我国抗震规范和有关规程对偏心支撑框架的修订作了说明。与过去的规定相比,新规定对构件的内力增大系数有明显降低。说明了降低的原因,并介绍了偏心支撑框架构件和连接设计的有关要求和应考虑的问题,可供设计人员参考。     

增强钢剪切板的周期性能、变形能力及刚度分析

剪切板在提高结构的抗震性能方面起了重要的作用,它们一般出现在薄钢板剪力墙或在偏心支撑框架结构的连接梁腹板处。剪切板的后期压曲能力、变形能力、能量损耗现在已经广泛地被结构工程师接受并在设计中考虑,以获得更经济的设计结果。通过对加强板和未加强板的对比可知,未加强板更易延展,而加强钢板具有很强的屈服区间,故导致了很高的能量损耗。鉴于这两种极端的情况,剪切板的最大延展性和能量消耗响应不可能同时拥有。在数值分析中对增强剪力板的极限强度的效果进行了分析,并研究了加强和未加强剪力板的循环性能。最后,对未加强板滞回曲线中较小的范围,研究了最佳增强效果需要提供的合理能量损耗和延展性。     

Seismic testing and numerical analysis of Y‐shaped eccentrically braced frame made of high‐strength steel

In eccentrically braced frame made of high‐strength steel (HSS‐EBF), link and brace are made from conventional steel whereas other structural members use high‐strength steel. Using HSS for beams and columns in EBF can reduce steel consumption and increase economic efficiency. In this paper, one shake table test of a 1:2 scaled three‐story Y‐shaped HSS‐EBF (Y‐HSS‐EBF) specimen was carried out to study its seismic behavior underground motions with different peak ground accelerations. The dynamic properties, base shear force, displacement, and strain responses of the specimen were obtained from this test. In addition, the finite element models of two 10‐story Y‐HSS‐EBF buildings and one 10‐story conventional Y‐EBF building were evaluated for seismic effects. Nonlinear pushover and dynamic analyses were conducted to compare their seismic performance and economy. The results indicated that the specimen exhibited sufficient lateral stiffness and safety but suffered some localized damages. During the high seismic intensity earthquakes, the links of the test specimen were in inelastic to dissipate the earthquake energy, whereas other structural members remained in the elastic state. Under the same design conditions, Y‐HSS‐EBF used less steel than that of conventional Y‐EBF, which could reduce the amount of steel used in Y‐HSS‐EBF. The Y‐HSS‐EBF is a safe, dual system with reliable seismic performance.     

Optimization of link member of eccentrically braced frames for maximum energy dissipation

An optimization method is presented for design of an eccentrically braced frame (EBF), which is used as a passive control device for seismic design of building frames. The link member between the connections of beams and braces of EBF is reinforced with stiffeners in order to improve its stiffness and plastic deformation capacity. We present a method for optimizing the locations and thicknesses of the stiffeners of the link member. The optimal solutions are found using a heuristic approach called tabu search. The objective function is the plastic dissipated energy before failure. The deformation of the link member under static cyclic loads is simulated using a finite element analysis software package. It is demonstrated in the numerical examples that the dissipated energy can be increased through optimization within small number of analyses.     

优化偏心支撑框架的连接件以获得最大耗能能力

给出偏心支撑框架(EBF)的优化设计方法,将其作为被动控制手段应用于建筑结构的抗震设计中。在EBF梁与支撑的连接件处设置加劲肋以提高其刚度和塑性变形能力。给出连接件加劲肋位置及厚度的优化设计方法,采用Tabu搜索算法求解最优解,其目标函数为破坏前的塑性能量耗散。采用有限元软件计算静态循环荷载作用下连接件的变形,结果显示,通过微单元优化可以提高连接件的耗能能力。