做好细节护理减少妇科腹腔镜手术并发症的发生

妇科疾病主要是以输卵管、卵巢、子宫为主,开腹是最传统的治疗方式,但是随着我国医学的发展,腹腔镜成为取代开腹手术的首要选择。但是无论是哪一种术式,在术后的并发症中都会给患者带来一定的伤害,这也影响了其治疗的效果。腹腔镜手术并发症主要是以出血、感染、脏器损伤、气腹为主,是由术前准备不充分,术中、术后操作、护理不当引起的,为了尽可能的减少对患者的伤害,必须加强细节的护理。     

地震伤员内出血的早期诊断与治疗

1伤情资料 我们在德阳市人民医院期间共收治5．12地震伤员1364例，男632例，女732例。四肢损伤680例，体表损伤354例，头颅损伤319例，胸部损伤121例，脊柱损伤90例，腹部损伤57例（4．18％），骨盆损伤53例，面颈部损伤39例。其中合并多部位损伤占23．64％。57例腹部损伤中，除1例为开放性损伤外，其余均为闭合性损伤。需要紧急手术剖腹探查18例，探查发现腹腔内均有不同程度的积血或积液，脾破裂11例，肝破裂5例、肠破裂2例。其余39例行保守治疗。     

腹腔镜诊治腹部外伤护理探讨

腹部损伤在平时和战时都较多见,是外科的一个重要疾病,其发病率在平时约占各种损伤的0.4%至2.0%,多涉及内脏而伤情严重,死亡率高达10%〔1〕。传统处理的方法虽疗效较好,但也具有手术创伤大、并发症多、病人恢复慢的缺点。随着腹腔镜手术技术的不断进展,腹腔镜治疗因其具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快〔2〕,在临床逐渐被广泛接受。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中放置腹腔引流管临床意义的探讨

腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (ＬａｐａｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃＣｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ ,ＬＣ)在我国发展近十年 ,现已成为肝胆外科领域的一种常规外科手术。因其创伤小、患者痛苦少、术后恢复快而成为治疗胆囊良性疾患的首选方法[1] 。由于其与开腹胆囊切除术存在的差异 ,因各种原因术中放置腹腔引流管的患者约为 8～ 2 0 %,但有关ＬＧ术中放置腹腔引流意义的文献报道不多 ,本文仅对其作一简要探讨。由于ＬＣ与开腹胆囊切除术存在着方法上的差异 ,术后Ｗｉｎｓｌｏｗ氏孔附近常放置引流管作为安全保证。ＬＣ术中放置腹腔引流管原因可分为如下几类 :…     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗肝硬化合并的胆囊疾患

目的：探讨肝硬化合并胆囊病变患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的临床特点。方法：对照研究同一时期36例肝硬化伴胆囊病变和41例不伴肝硬化的胆囊病变患者行LC术的治疗经过及结果。结果：在肝硬化患者组,LC完成34便,因术中出血中转2例,术后发生并发症3例,两组在手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;两组均无严重并发症和手术死亡。结论：肝硬化患者行LC难度较大,但安全可行,疗效满意,注重围手术期处理,掌握手术特点是LC成功的关键。     

B超检查对宫外孕内出血的分布分析

1　资料与方法1.1　研究对象我院 2 0 0 0年 1月 - 2 0 0 1年 12月在我院就诊 ,疑为宫外孕破裂者 14 6例 ,年龄 18- 4 8岁。临床以停经 5周以上 ,血ＨＣＧ阳性 ,不规则阴道流血伴腹痛 ,小腹胀痛 ,恶心呕吐来院就诊 ,超声检查宫腔内未见胚囊。所有患者均通过腹腔镜或开腹手术得以证实。 15名患者出现面色苍白四肢发冷等休克症状急诊入院。 4 6名患者既往有附件炎病史。1.2　仪器、方法采用日本Ａｌｏｋａ -ＳＳＤ - 110 0型Ｂ型超声显像仪 ,3.5ＭＨＺ凸阵腹部探头。患者病情许可者使膀胱适度充盈 ,常规取仰卧位腹壁探查。先扫查耻骨联合上方 …     

膀胱肿瘤的激光手术

膀胱肿瘤在泌尿系统肿瘤中占第一位，近20年来发病率显著上升，作者为了提高膀胱肿瘤的治愈率，用CO2激光进行治疗。操作：用手术刀切开皮肤，用60瓦连续波CO2激光刀切开腹白线、肌层、膀胱，探查病变，     

腹腔镜胆囊切除胆管损伤的原因与对策

1　一般资料男性 2例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 2 4～ 5 6岁 ,施行Ｌｃ手术原因均为胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎。Ｏｌｓｅｎ〔2〕分析 3177例发生这类胆管损伤的原因后发现 ,手术医师的盲目操作造成的胆管损伤更为严重 ,71%的胆管损伤与胆囊三角解剖不清有关。我科发生的 3例胆管损伤裂口长度约 0 5～ 1厘米 ,裂口部位均在胆囊管汇入胆总管处附近 ,损伤的主要原因是胆囊颈部嵌顿结石及纤维性粘连 ,胆囊三角区解剖不清 ,在分离过程中撕破肝总管或胆总管 ,3例损伤均在术中发现后转开腹手术行胆道探查“Ｔ”管引流 ,术后“Ｔ”管造影证实恢复良好 ,3例梗阻…     

腹腔镜手术848例临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜在普通外科、肝胆外科、泌尿外科、妇科的临床应用。方法：总结2000年7月～2005年9月采用腹腔镜进行各种腹腔镜手术848例。结果：本组848例,均顺利完成手术,无死亡及严重并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜手术具有开放手术的同样治疗效果,且损伤小、术后并发症少、恢复快,值得大力推广。     

小儿腹腔镜疝修补手术的手术配合及护理

目的:总结小儿腹腔镜疝手术的手术配合及护理措施.方法:回顾性分析152例腹腔镜疝手术患几的临床资料.结果:本组患儿手术均顺利完成,痊愈出院,术后随访无不良反应发生,病人满意率达99%.结论:做好小儿腹腔镜疝修补手术的手术配合及护理对保障手术成功至关重要.     

采用开环模式实现深空动态模拟源设计

由于深空探测的作用距离十分遥远,最大测控距离能达到几百万公里,信号的传播时延大,因而给深空动态模拟源的设计带来了一些技术难点.针对这些难点,在结合运动方程的基础上提出了采用开环模式实现动态模拟源的设计方案.通过分析可知,该方案具有电路简单、节约成本的特点,易于在工程中实现.     

Real-time multichannel computerized electrogastrograph

The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time multichannel computerized electrogastrograph (EGG) to measure and analyze electrical signals from the human abdominal surface. A soft-contact matrix composed of 25 cutaneous electrodes is embedded evenly in a latex mat. The mat can be firmly attached to the abdominal surface by drawing a vacuum between the matrix and the stomach. Twenty-five high-amplification filter/amplifiers provide a high signal-to-noise ratio and flat amplitude response for a signal between 0.02 and 0.12 Hz (1.2-7.2 cpm). The computer program provides waveform and frequency analysis for any chosen channel and mapping analyses for all 25 channels. A two-dimensional propagation exploration program was also developed. Using four different mapping analysis program subroutines, the optimal points for analyzing the EGG signals can be reliably found and variability of these locations can be observed easily. Results show differences in the EGG mappings of normal and abnormal subjects     

“半导体器件物理”教学改革探索与实践

半导体器件物理作为微电子类人才培养的基础核心课程,在目前教学中存在课程内容滞后于产业技术发展,学生知识结构散乱和学业评价方式单一等弊端。针对于此,通过重塑基础与前沿并重知识架构、建设产业链条式知识体系、形成科学开放合理的过程式学业评价体系等改革措施大大提高了课程教学效果和学生专业水平。该课程的教学改革探索与实践将为微电子人才培养提供重要指导和范例。     

The role of openness in open collaboration: A focus on open‐source software development projects

Open‐source software development projects are well suited for exploring new ideas and acquiring knowledge from developers outside of the project. In this paper, we examine the impact of external developers on innovation in open‐source software development from the perspective of organizational learning theory. We examine the roles of external and internal developers, who “explore” and “exploit,” respectively, on the innovation performance of 17 691 open‐source software development projects whose data is stored in the GitHub platform. The results indicate that a multi‐faceted strategy, in which the exploitation successfully supports the exploration, is most effective for their success. The results also indicate that the role of exploration decreases after the release of the software.     

以学生发展为中心的开放式人才培养探索与实践

为顺应电子信息产业高速发展带来的高素质人才需求，武汉大学电子信息学院结合自身学科定位，探索以学生发展为中心的开放式人才培养模式。以培养电子信息类创新拔尖人才为总体要求，提出切实可行的建设方案，包括开放式培养方案、开放式课程设置和开放式教学方式，初步形成以学生发展为中心的开放式人才培养体系，为高等学校电子信息类拔尖创新人才培养探索与实践提供借鉴和参考。     

电子信息与人工智能交叉型实验教学实践

针对电子信息实验技术落后、拔尖创新人才培养受限、教学实验箱笨重不便问题，探索电子信息与人工智能交叉型实验教学改革。将人工智能前沿技术融入电子信息大类基础实验教学，设计基础验证性、综合设计性、开放探索性等层次化实验教学案例，自制FPGA综合应用实验教学平台。有效牵引学生从填鸭式知识获取向主动探索转变，增强自主探索能力，契合“电子信息+人工智能”复合型人才培养目标。     

一种应用于深空探测的弱信号探测技术

深空探测对于人类开发利用太空资源、探索宇宙起源具有重要意义。作为深空探测的一个重要组成部分,遥感载荷起着无法替代的作用。由于深空探测作用距离远,导致遥感载荷的信噪比很低,因此如何有效地从弱信号中检测出有用信号是深空探测技术中必需解决的关键技术。根据未来深空探测对低于散粒噪声的超微弱信号探测的需求,基于量子压缩态光场的散粒噪声小于标准量子极限的特点,提出一种基于量子压缩态光场的弱信号探测技术,给出了原理探索实验验证的结果。由于压缩光的量子特性会随着作用距离的增加而衰减,为了更贴近应用,设计了在接收端进行压缩光注入的新型激光雷达载荷方案,并给出了仿真的结果。     

Using the parallel process model to prevent firearm injury and death: field experiment results of a video-based intervention

This paper reports the outcome evaluation of a gun safety video intervention. Guided largely by the extended parallel process model, the video, Bullet 'Proof' - The Case for Gun Safety' focuses primarily on (a) knowledge of 6 gun safety practices, (b) susceptibility to accidental gunshot injuries and death, severity of gunshot injuries, (d) response efficacy, and (e) self-efficacy. The video was shown to 175 individuals in 7 hunter safety classes and evaluated in a field experiment using a posttest-only control-group design with random assignment. Compared to the control group, the experimental group listed significantly more gun safety practices, perceived greater susceptibility to accidental gun injuries, perceived gun injuries to be more severe, and perceived greater response efficacy toward some of the recommended gun safety practices. Further, all of the recommended gun safety practices received high self-efficacy and behavioral intention ratings. Finally, the video itself scored high on all measured positive attributes, and low on all measured negative attributes.     

Medical imaging systems for feedback control of interstitial laserphotocoagulation

It is noted that both abdominal ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain can produce high contrast images of ILP (interstitial laser photocoagulation) lesions in real or near-real time, during and after ILP. These images provide feedback data that can be used to control dynamically the shape of the ILP lesion. Image-based feedback control of ILP requires that contrast boundaries in images acquired during or immediately after ILP (acute images) correlate with the volumes of irreversibly damaged tissue that result several days later (chronic lesion). An image-to-actual function (IAF) is developed as a transformation that relates acute lesion images to resulting chronic lesions. Algorithms for controlling ILP based on the IAF are presented for control by both human operator (open loop) and computer (closed loop). Preliminary studies indicate that MR image-based control of ILP in the brain should be possible using both open and closed loops. Unreliable IAFs may limit ultrasound image-based control of ILP in abdominal tumors to control based on images acquired a few minutes after stopping the irradiation     

红外光谱仪中微弱信号检测电路的低噪声设计

被动式傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)遥感技术越来越多的应用在开放环境中探测目标化合物和气相鉴定,该文设计了基于HgCdTe光电导型红外探测器的红外信号检测电路,该电路在红外遥感系统中用作信号调理,具有高信噪比、高灵敏度的工作特性。根据探测器接收干涉光后输出的微弱电信号来设计微分电路和二级放大电路,运用标准的电路理论为检测电路建立等效噪声模型,通过叠加法计算出电路输出端总的电压噪声和信噪比,最后从工程设计角度提出了抑制噪声的方法。实验结果表明,检测电路在室温,一个标准大气压下能稳定的输出大气干涉红外光转换成的电信号,可实现对大气的红外遥测。