废纸再生利用的现状及今后的课题

本文全面分析了废纸再生利用的经济及社会效益，论述了废纸再生利用的现状以及国外为保护环境，变废为宝，探索研究废纸再生利用的新途径，并详细介绍了利用废纸生产复合材料、包装材料、废纸发电以及改善农牧业生产的办法。最后文中提出了今后废纸再生利用的研究课题。     

From perceptual to conceptual categorization of wines: What is the effect of expertise?

Wine supply in the French market is structured in an intricate system of categories based on origin. There is very little knowledge about consumers understanding of this complex category system and the sensory styles behind these categories. This study investigated how assessors with different level of expertise categorized Beaujolais wines from general to more specific levels of categorization (grape variety, appellation, and “lieu-dit”) in both perceptual (wines) and conceptual (wine labels) conditions. Based on the literature on expertise, we expected a stronger effect in the perceptual condition, in particular for the most specific levels of categorization. For each wine categorization level, three sets of 12 wines were tasted by three panels of 60 assessors: a panel of unfamiliar novices with no much exposure to Beaujolais wines; a panel of familiar novices with regular exposure to Beaujolais wines; and a panel of experts from the Beaujolais. In both perceptual and conceptual conditions, assessors were asked to perform a binary sorting task, followed by a verbalisation task. Data were analysed using DISTATIS. At each level, with a few exceptions, a clearer separation was observed between the two categories in the conceptual condition than in the perceptual condition. Although the experts categorized the labels by grape variety, they did not spontaneously categorize the wines in that way. Finally, we observed a clear expertise effect only in the conceptual condition. This result will be discussed in terms of expertise acquisition and categorization processes.     

Microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A comprehensive 10‐year (2009 to 2018) review

Ready‐to‐eat foods (RTEs) are foods consumed without any further processing. They are widely consumed as choice meals especially by school‐aged children and the fast‐paced working class in most low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), where they contribute substantially to the dietary intake. Depending on the type of processing and packaging material, RTEs could be industrially or traditionally processed. Typically, RTE vendors are of low literacy level, as such, they lack knowledge about good hygiene and food handling practices. In addition, RTEs are often vended in outdoor environments such that they are exposed to several contaminants of microbial origin. Depending on the quantity and type of food contaminant, consumption of contaminated RTEs may result in foodborne diseases and several other adverse health effects in humans. This could constitute major hurdles to growth and development in LMICs. Therefore, this review focuses on providing comprehensive and recent occurrence and impact data on the frequently encountered contaminants of microbial origin published in LMICs within the last decade (2009 to 2018). We have also suggested viable food safety solutions for preventing and controlling the food contamination and promoting consumer health.     

丝绸之路:从破产国企到丝绸品牌——访浙江省丝绸之路集团董事长凌兰芳

3月28日—30日,2011年中国国际服装服饰博览会(CHIC)在北京举办,丝绸之路首次进京参展,吸引了众多专业观众和媒体的注意。记者在CHIC展馆采访了丝绸之路集团董事长凌兰芳先生。