Al2O3-TiO2对铝合金表面激光熔覆NiAl涂层组织性能的影响

目的 进一步提高6061铝合金表面的硬度、耐磨性。方法 应用脉冲Nd:YAG激光器在6061铝合金表面制备了NiAl合金涂层和NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层。通过SEM、X射线衍射仪系统研究了Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷相添加对NiAl熔覆层组织形貌、成分分布、物相组成的影响。利用HVS-1000硬度测试仪及HSR-2M高速摩擦磨损机,对熔覆层硬度分布及耐磨性进行测试分析。结果 Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷颗粒加入使涂层宏观成形质量明显提高,表面平整光滑、波纹均匀,熔覆层枝晶间距减小,组织结构明显细化。与NiAl熔覆层相比,在NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层中,具有较高硬度的Al3Ni、Al3Ni2硬质相含量增大。同时,高硬度Al2O3和良好韧性的TiO2、NiTi金属间化合物在复合涂层内部形成。NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的显微硬度平均可达650HV0.2,相比NiAl涂层提高了300HV0.2;磨损体积仅为铝合金基体的1/9,相比NiAl涂层降低了35%。干摩擦条件下,NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的犁削、剥落现象显著降低。结论 在细晶强化、硬质相弥散强化及良好韧性的NiTi金属间化合物共同作用下,6061铝合金表面硬度和耐磨性得到显著提高。     

激光熔覆纳米Al2O3等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层

采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和显微硬度计研究了45#钢表面激光熔覆纳米Al2O3改性Al2O3 13%TiO2(质量分数)陶瓷涂层的相组成、微观结构和显微硬度,同时对涂层的磨损特性进行了考察.结果表明,激光重熔区亚稳相γ-Al2O3转变成稳定相α-Al2O3,熔覆层由粗颗粒α-Al2O3和TiO2以及纳米α-Al2O颗粒组成,在激光的作用下,等离子喷涂层的片层状结构得以消除; 纳米Al2O3颗粒仍然保持在纳米尺度,填充在涂层的大颗粒之间,使涂层致密化程度得以提高,因此纳米Al2O3改性涂层的显微硬度较高,且其耐磨性能明显优于等离子喷涂层.     

铝合金表面激光熔覆原位自生TiB颗粒增强耐磨涂层的研究

在铝合金LY12表面激光表面熔覆原位自生TiB颗粒增强耐磨涂层。采用SEM、TEM和XRD对涂层的显微组织和物相组成进行观察分析。激光熔覆Al-Ti—Fe-B复合涂层相组成为α-Al，TiB，Al3Ti以及Al3Fe。熔覆涂层的显微硬度随着涂层中TiB含量的增加而明显增加，涂层最高硬度可达900HV0．2。磨损试验结果显示，熔覆涂层的磨损失重随TiB含量的增加而减少。通过对试样的磨损形貌观察，对比分析了涂层与基体铝合金的磨损机理。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆NiCrAl/TiC涂层生成和强化机制

为了改善铝合金表面的磨损性能,在A390铝合金表面激光熔覆制备Ni Cr Al/Ti C复合涂层。借助XRD和EDS分析了涂层的物相组成;通过SEM分析了涂层的微观组织;结合Al-Ni二元平衡相图和热力学知识对熔覆层Al-Ni金属间化合物形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:涂层物相包括Al Ni、Al3Ni2、Ti C、Cr13Ni5Si2、Cu9Al4和少量α-Al相;涂层自下至上分别为胞状晶、柱状树枝晶和等轴晶;熔覆层中Ti C颗粒强化机制包括细晶强化、硬质相颗粒弥散强化和位错堆积强化;熔覆层平均显微硬度为676 HV0.2,是A390铝合金的4倍。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆原位自生TiB颗粒增强耐磨涂层的研究

在铝合金LY12表面激光表面熔覆原位自生TiB颗粒增强耐磨涂层.采用SEM、TEM和XRD对涂层的显微组织和物相组成进行观察分析.激光熔覆Al-Ti-Fe-B复合涂层相组成为α-Al,Tib,Al3Ti以及Al3Fe.熔覆涂层的显微硬度随着涂层中TiB含量的增加而明显增加,涂层最高硬度可达900HV0.2.磨损试验结果显示,熔覆涂层的磨损失重随TiB含量的增加而减少.通过对试样的磨损形貌观察,对比分析了涂层与基体铝合金的磨损机理.     

等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlY / Al2 O3 高温固体润滑耐磨涂层的抗氧化性能研究

目的研究等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3高温固体润滑耐磨涂层在850℃时的高温抗氧化性能和抗氧化机理。方法采用喷雾造粒、化工冶金包覆技术制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合粉体,并采用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层。采用SEM和XRD研究粉体和涂层的显微结构和物相组成,并采用马弗炉研究复合涂层在850℃的恒温氧化动力学曲线,通过研究氧化96 h以后涂层表面的组织形貌,探讨NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层的抗氧化机理。结果 NiCoCrAlY合金层均匀致密地包覆在Al2O3颗粒的表面,包覆层厚度约为3~5μm。复合粉体的主要组成为Al2O3相和NiCoCrAlY合金相,没有其他杂质相的存在。等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层氧化动力学曲线分为大斜率直线、抛物线和系数几乎为0的抛物线等3个阶段。氧化96 h以后,涂层的氧化质量增量为4.9 mg/cm2左右,表面形成了一层连续的氧化物保护膜,经EDX分析,氧化膜层主要由Al,O,Cr和Ni组成。结论等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层具有良好的高温抗氧化性能,涂层中Ni,Cr,Al的氧化以及硬质相Al2O3的加入是涂层抗氧化的主要原因。     

Al_2O_3颗粒增强Al-Mn合金基复合材料的制备及摩擦学性能

采用搅拌铸造法制备了Al2O3颗粒增强Al-2%Mn合金基复合材料,对复合材料的显微组织、硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：复合材料组织由Al基体、δ-Al2O3和MnAl6相组成,且Al2O3颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布。与原始铝基体相比,复合材料的布氏硬度提高了约70%。无论是干摩擦还是SO4.Cl-Na.Ca.Mg型弱碱性水溶液润滑摩擦情况下,复合材料的磨损量均显著低于铝基体。与铝锰合金相比,复合材料具有较低的冲刷腐蚀失重速率。复合材料具有优良的耐磨和耐蚀性。     

AZ91镁合金表面等离子喷涂涂层的微观组织与磨损性能研究

以AZ91镁合金为对象,采用等离子喷涂技术在其表面喷涂铝、Al2O3和Al/Al2O3复合涂层,研究了涂层的微观形貌、物相组成和磨损性能。结果表明,复合涂层表面存在有Al和Al2O3颗粒,Al2O3颗粒数量相对较少,尺寸约为40⁹0μm。Al/Al2O3复合涂层具有最佳的耐磨损性能。     

S135钻杆材料等离子喷涂Al2O3-TiO2涂层组织与性能

目的选用石油钻井工程中常用的S135钻杆钢作为研究对象,在不破坏S135钢优异力学性能基础上,在S135钢基体上等离子喷涂Al2O3-TiO2涂层,研究喷涂功率对涂层的组织与性能的影响。方法在25、30、42 kW三种喷涂功率下,于S135钻杆材料基体表面制备Al2O3+TiO2涂层,对涂层表面进行SEM形貌观察及XRD物相分析,对端面进行金相组织观察,并测定不同位置的显微硬度,借助于材料表面性能试验仪进行涂层与基体结合强度测定,对不同功率下的喷涂涂层的组织、形貌及性能进行比较。结果在三种功率条件下,涂层由α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、Al2TiO5及TiO2组成。随着喷涂功率的增加,涂层中γ-Al2O3、Al2TiO5的含量增加;粘结层中气孔、裂纹等缺陷减少,孔隙率下降。在42 kW喷涂功率下,涂层与基体的结合强度达到92 N。在热喷涂过程中,由于正火作用,靠近喷涂界面的S135基体的晶粒得到细化。涂层表面的硬度都高于粘结层及基体,在喷涂功率为30 kW时,涂层表面的硬度达到1419.6 HV。结论通过改变喷涂功率,可在S135钻杆材料上得到具有较高硬度、与基体结合强度较高的Al2O3-TiO2涂层。     

等离子喷涂强化H13钢铸铝压铸模实验研究

为解决H13钢铸铝压铸模普遍存在的抗热腐蚀能力差、强度低等问题,采用等离子喷涂工艺在H13钢基体上制备了Al2O3和Al2O3-TiO2两种硬质涂层。以喷涂电流、喷涂电压、喷涂距离为试验参数进行正交试验,采用MH-6型显微硬度仪和HSR-2M往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的显微硬度和磨损质量,通过对显微硬度的极差和方差分析,确定了影响涂层显微硬度的主次因素和显著因素,优化了喷涂工艺参数。结果表明,Al2O3-TiO2涂层的硬度982.0 HV,摩擦系数平均值为0.41～0.45,磨损量平均为0.89～0.93 mg;Al2O3涂层的硬度1446.2 HV,摩擦系数平均值为0.32～0.35,磨损量平均为0.58～0.62 mg。Al2O3涂层的性能较好,优化工艺参数为:电流为600 A,电压为65 V,喷涂距离为110 mm,预热温度为200℃。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。