复合菌株发酵对鱼露中生物胺含量的影响

文中研究了以米曲霉为种曲发酵鱼露的工艺,在此基础上,接人木糖葡萄球菌、植物乳杆菌及其复合菌株共同发酵,分析了单一菌株和复合菌株对鱼露中生物胺(组胺、腐胺、酪胺、亚精胺)生成量的影响.结果表明,单一的木糖葡萄球菌及其与植物乳杆菌的复合菌株都可以降低鱼露中生物胺的含量,其中,在米曲霉生长的稳定期时接入复合菌株时效果最好,与对照组相比总胺降低了61.9%.     

鱼露中生物胺降解菌的筛选及其特性

从天然发酵鱼露中筛选具有生物胺降解活性的微生物,并研究发酵时间和发酵温度对其降解生物胺的影响。以天然发酵3个月的鱼露为分离材料,对鱼露中的生物胺降解菌进行分离纯化,获得10株具有生物胺降解活性的微生物。分离到的10株菌株在30℃发酵72h组胺降解率在17.3%～62.2%,酪胺降解率在12.4%～57.3%。其中M8菌株生物胺降解活性最高,经26S rDNA测序及在线序列比对,M8菌株鉴定为奥默柯达酵母。奥默柯达酵母M8在30℃条件下降解生物胺活性最强;其降解生物胺的时间变化规律为发酵第1天生物胺含量降低,第2天和第3天生物胺含量升高,第4天开始生物胺含量持续降低,30℃发酵9d后,组胺和酪胺降解率分别为69.6%和79.2%。奥默柯达酵母M8在25%食盐条件下生物胺降解效果最好,组胺和酪胺的降解率分别为64.4%和72.4%。     

鱼露中章鱼胺的分离提取研究

本文采用静态吸附和动态吸附相结合的方法,综合考虑吸附量、解吸率等因素,研究硅胶分离提取鱼露中章鱼胺的吸附性能和洗脱参数。结果表明:60¹00目硅胶对鱼露中章鱼胺有较好的吸附分离效果,静态饱和吸附量达3.837mg·g-1（干硅胶）,30%的乙醇水溶液为最佳洗脱剂,洗脱率达90.48%;60¹00目硅胶对鱼露中章鱼胺动态吸附的最佳上样量为4BV,用1.1BV洗脱液可基本洗脱完全。得到的洗出液采用HPLC分离系统进行精制,真空冷冻干燥后得到白色粉末状固体。将此白色固体与标准品章鱼胺在同样的条件下进行质谱分析,可证明得到的白色粉末状固体为纯度较高的天然章鱼胺。      

Limosilactobacillus fermentum FSCBAD033控制带鱼加工下脚料发酵鱼露中生物胺含量研究

目的 控制带鱼加工下脚料低盐发酵鱼露中的生物胺含量。方法 以耐盐性高效生物胺降解乳酸菌Limosilactobacillus fermentum FSCBAD033为功能发酵剂控制带鱼加工下脚料发酵鱼露中的生物胺含量,并研究其对鱼露发酵过程中的pH值、NaCl含量、总可溶性氮(Total Soluble Nitrogen,TSN)含量、氨基酸态氮(Amino Acid Nitrogen,AAN)含量、挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)含量以及发酵结束时感官风味的影响。结果 与Control组相比,接种L. fermentum FSCBAD033发酵剂对鱼露发酵过程中的NaCl含量影响不大(p>0.05),但可促进pH值下降以及TSN和AAN含量上升,并显著抑制TVB-N的产生(p<0.05)；显著降低发酵结束时鱼露中52.38%尸胺、40.21%组胺、45.44%酪胺、23.74%腐胺、52.67%苯乙胺和43.26%总生物胺(p<0.05),对含量较低的色胺、精胺和亚精胺影响不大；此外,接种L. fermentum FSCBAD033发酵剂可增强发酵结束时鱼露的鲜味和肉味,减弱氨味、腥味和臭味,整体提升鱼露感官风味。结论 L. fermentum FSCBAD033可作为带鱼加工下脚料低盐发酵的功能发酵剂,用于生产低盐、营养丰富、感官风味好且生物胺含量低的高品质鱼露产品。     

酿造调味品中生物胺分析与控制研究进展

酿造调味品在发酵过程中易产生多种潜在的有毒代谢物,其中生物胺是影响其质量和安全的重要风险因素之一,过量摄入会使人体产生各种毒害反应,从而对健康造成不良影响。文章对生物胺的产生原因、毒性和检测方法进行了归纳,并重点阐述了国内外关于生物胺的物理、生物和化学的防控措施,以期为酿造调味品的食用安全性及有效控制提供新思路。     

食品中生物胺含量及生物胺氧化酶的研究进展

生物胺是一类具有潜在毒性的生物活性物质,在食品中广泛存在。生物胺氧化酶是广泛存在于动植物、微生物体内的,能够将已生成的生物胺分解成相应的醛、氨气和过氧化氢的一类酶,该类酶在降解食品中生物胺方面具有良好的应用前景。本文将从食品中生物胺含量以及生物胺氧化酶的分类、影响因素、产生菌株、降解特性等方面进行综述。     

咸鲜调味话鱼露

鱼露，系用各种小杂鱼、虾类、贝类及其下脚料经过加工制成的含有多种氨基酸呈成鲜味型的液态调味品。主产于我国东南沿海地区及东南亚许多国家，制作历史悠久，经若干年的发展提高，已形成了一些知名品牌，诸如福州原汁鱼露、泰国金杯鱼露。随着地区之     

高效液相色谱法测定鱼露中章鱼胺和牛磺酸

通过高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatogtaphy,HPLC)检测鱼露中章鱼胺和牛磺酸的含量。用2,4-二硝基氟苯作为柱前衍生试剂,色谱柱:SunFireTM C₁₈(4. 6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-pH7.5的0. 02 mol/L的NaJ₂PO₄溶液(体积比40∶60),流速1 mL/min,检测波长360 nm。结果表明,在0. 01～0. 1mg/mL,章鱼胺的质量浓度与峰面积关系良好(R²=0. 992 6),平均回收率为99. 23%,RSD=0. 044%(n=6);在0.03～0.1 mg/mL,牛磺酸的质量浓度与峰面积关系良好(R²=0. 992 9),平均回收率为97. 67%,RSD=0. 038%(n=6)。该方法可用于检测鱼露中章鱼胺和牛黄酸的含量。     

咸鱼中生物胺的研究进展

生物胺是广泛存在于食品中的具有生物活性的低分子量含氮有机化合物的总称,主要由氨基酸脱羧酶作用于氨基酸产生。咸鱼作为传统的腌制水产品,味道鲜美,富含大量游离氨基酸,是产胺微生物生长繁殖及生物胺形成与积累的良好载体,过量摄入则对人体健康构成潜在风险。本文结合近年来国内外相关研究报道,介绍了咸鱼制品中生物胺种类、作用和产生机理,分析了影响生物胺合成的因素,归纳了咸鱼制品加工中生物胺的控制方法,并对调控咸鱼制品中生物胺合成的研究方向和热点进行展望。     

食品中生物胺的安全性研究进展

生物胺广泛存在于各类食品中,由于其潜在毒性而产生的食品安全问题引起越来越广泛的重视。本文对生物胺的结构、基本性质和毒性作用作一全面性综述,并从食品质量安全角度出发,详述生物胺作为风险因子,在国内外的食品安全通报、法规限量及风险评估等方面的研究情况。     

Biogenic Amines Formation in Fish Sauce Prepared from Fresh and Temperature-abused Indian Anchovy (Stolephorus indicus)

ABSTRACT: The formation of biogenic amines in fish sauce made from fresh and temperature-abused (left at 35°C for 8 and 16 h) Indian anchovy ( Stolephorus indicus ) was investigated. Histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine were the predominant biogenic amines found in anchovy left at 35°C for 16 h and its fish sauce product. Changes of biogenic amines were subtle during the course of fermentation at room temperature (RT) and at 40°C, suggesting that the main source of biogenic amines was associated with raw material, rather than with the fermentation process. Soluble peptide and total nitrogen of fish sauce prepared from temperature-abused anchovy were higher at the initial stage of fermentation at RT and 40°C and became comparable to those prepared from fresh anchovy at the end of fermentation. Total free amino acid contents of samples fermented at RT for 52 wk (7208.3 to 8473.6 mg/100 mL) were higher than those fermented at 40°C for 13 wk (4560.9 to 5730.9 mg/100 mL). Fish sauce prepared from temperature-abused anchovy contained less free histidine and arginine. Fish sauce of a good quality was obtained using fresh anchovy fermented at RT. Besides total nitrogen content, biogenic amines should be considered as quality indicators of fish sauce.     

A Review of Biogenic Amines and Polyamines in Beer

The presence of biogenic amines and polyamines in foods and alcoholic beverages is important from both toxicological and technological points of view. High amounts of these compounds can lead to health problems and accurate methods of determination, as well as knowledge on where the compounds originate and how they can be controlled at the lowest levels, are important in the food and beverage industry. In brewing, the types of amines are dependent on the raw materials in the beverage, as well as the method of brewing, and any microbial contamination that may have occurred during the brewing process or during storage. Studies looking at biogenic amine and polyamine levels in various beers have been carried out by a number of researchers in Europe, Brazil, Canada and Cuba. This paper reviews the work from studies carried out previously and summarizes the values found by the various research groups. Methods of analysis for the amines including HPLC, HPTLC and enzyme immunoassays are reviewed.     

Simultaneous Analysis of Biogenic Amines in Canned Fish by HPLC

A simple HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of putrescine, cadaverine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermidine, spermine, histamine, tyramine, and agmatine. Amines were derivatized with benzoyl chloride and separated well on Lichrosphere are 100 RP-18 column using a gradient elution system with a mixture of methanol and water in 10 min. Amine content of canned fish was detected by this method, and except for anchovie products most samples contained the nine amines at low levels. This method would be useful for detection of amines in fish.     

柱前衍生HPLC同时测定鱼中多种生物胺及其变化规律

目的:采用高效液相色谱法同时测定鱼中7种生物胺(即色胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺、亚精胺和精胺)的含量,研究在不同贮藏条件下鱼体生物胺的变化规律。方法:样品用5%三氯乙酸溶液提取后,用丹磺酰氯进行柱前衍生,经C18色谱柱(4.6mmI.D.×150mm)分离,用水和乙腈进行梯度洗脱,于波长254nm处检测。考察大黄鱼和黄鲷在-20、4和25℃贮藏不同时间时生物胺的变化情况。结果:20min内7种生物胺得到良好的分离,在0.1~20.0mg/kg范围具有良好的线性关系(r>0.999)。生物胺的平均回收率73%~101%,RSD5.9%~20.1%。所测的7种新鲜海鱼中,除金线鱼具有较高的生物胺含量(170.8mg/kg)外,其它鱼的生物胺含量很低(3.95~23.63mg/kg)。在-20℃条件下大黄鱼和黄鲷中生物胺的总量无显著变化(p<0.05),而在4℃和25℃时,鱼体中的生物胺总量随贮藏时间的延长而增加。其中腐胺、尸胺、组胺和酪胺含量变化敏锐,随着贮藏时间的延长和温度的上升,其含量显著增加(p<0.05)。结论:低温贮藏可有效控制鱼体中生物胺的形成。腐胺、尸胺、组胺和酪胺可作为判断鱼体新鲜度的质量指标。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定酱油中的8种生物胺

本文建立了高效液相色谱法同时检测酱油中色胺、苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺、亚精胺和精胺的方法。采用5%三氯乙酸溶液为样品提取溶剂,提取液经丹璜酰氯柱前衍生30 min,最终HPLC进行定性和定量分析。本方法中8种生物胺的线性范围为1.0~50μg/mL,相关系数R2大于0.99,检出限(S/N=3)为0.075~0.3μg/mL。在添加水平为1.00和5.00μg/mL时,样品的平均回收率在83%~111%之间,相对标准偏差为0.43%~19.0%。本方法具有线性范围广,灵敏度和准确度高等优点,适用于酱油中生物胺的检测。采用本方法对市售10种酱油进行检测,总生物胺含量的范围为50.82~1898.17μg/mL,其中酪胺、腐胺和苯乙胺是酱油样品中含量最多的生物胺。     

超高压预处理降低杂色蛤发酵酱中的生物胺及其品质提升

该研究将杂色蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)进行超高压杀菌预处理、热杀菌预处理和无预处理后,用蛋白酶进行初步酶解,再用戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosus)于35℃快速发酵36 h,结果表明发酵过程中杂色蛤发酵酱的总酸含量逐渐升高,pH值逐渐降低,氨基酸态氮含量逐渐增加,但热处理组氨...     

Biogenic Amines in Wines

Biogenic amines are low molecular weight organic compounds that occur in fermented foods and are produced mainly through the microbial decarboxylation of amino acids. Decarboxylation of several amino acids can form some biogenic amines in wines such as histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and phenylethylamine. Biogenic amines can cause direct or indirect toxicity when their concentrations are high in food. The enological importance of the biogenic amines in wines is due to their possible toxicological risks and the possibility of the relationship between high amine content and unsanitary conditions during wine production. Various analytical techniques have been developed for the determination of biogenic amines in wines. In this article, the presence, the formation, the microorganisms and the methods of determination of biogenic amines in wine and other fermented foods are reviewed.