负载织物对纳米TiO2光催化剂净化氨气性能的影响

制备了纳米光催化剂悬浮液,借助后整理工艺对3种织物进行负载加工,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对其进行了表征. 通过自行设计的小型环境舱和光催化反应器重点考察了棉机织物、涤纶机织物和涤/棉混纺机织物对纳米光催化剂净化氨气性能的影响,并比较了在不同负载织物表面上纳米光催化剂的活性. 结果表明,负载纳米光催化剂的棉织物的氨气净化性能高于负载纳米光催化剂的涤纶织物和涤/棉混纺织物的氨气净化性能. 在负载Ag-TiO2光催化剂的条件下,负载涤纶织物和涤/棉混纺织物对氨气的净化性能有所加强.     

人造纤维

20054029 不同预处理工艺对TenceI和Lyocell/棉混纺织物的物理和染色性能的影响Sheth G.N.;B.TRA Scan,2003,33(1),p.7(英) 文章研究了碱液浓度、漂白、碱化等预处理过程对Tencel和Lyocell/棉混纺织物的物理和染色性能的影响。碱处理(1%o.w.f)的漂白织物要在三种不同浓度的碱液(100-200g/L)中进行处理。处理好的织物要对其物理和化学性质进行研究。抗张强度和     

激光炭化制备功能化PI织物及其压阻传感性能研究

以聚酰亚胺(PI)织物为基底,采用激光直写炭化法(DLWc)对织物进行刻画,制备具有不同形状和炭化程度的石墨烯/PI织物,并以石墨烯/PI织物制备不同类型的压阻传感器;探讨了激光功率和激光束扫描速度对石墨烯/PI织物导电性的影响,以及压阻传感器的压阻传感能力.结果表明:在激光功率为7 W、激光束扫描速度为150 mm/...     

基于灰色近优法的织物服用性能评价

选用25/40/35棉/莫代尔/竹纤维混纺纱、莫代尔纱及竹纤维纱,先测试三种不同纱线的性能,然后进行织物规格参数设计,再分别测试三种织物的悬垂性能、起毛起球性、光泽性及紫外线透过性。通过灰色近优评定法对三种织物的服用性能进行数据分析、比较,得出25/40/35棉/莫代尔/竹纤维混纺织物的性能优于竹纤维织物和莫代尔织物。最后总结出25/40/35棉/莫代尔/竹纤维混纺织物较纯纺织物的显著特点,为此类产品的开发提供理论参考。     

羊毛混纺织物的染色

羊毛混纺织物兼容多组分纤维的性能,优点明显,但是染色工艺复杂,成本较贵.因此,研究开发新型染料及新型染色方法对羊毛混纺织物的染色具有重要意义.本文综述了羊毛/腈纶、羊毛/锦纶、羊毛/蚕丝、羊毛/Tencel等羊毛混纺织物的染色现状及进展.     

O-一氯均三嗪-N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖的合成及其在羊毛织物抗菌中的应用

采用甲醛甲酸法合成N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖（TMC）,再用三氯均三嗪与TMC反应,合成带有可与纤维反应的水溶性O-一氯均三嗪-N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖（MCT-TMC）。采用FTIR、XRD、热重和元素分析等对产物进行表征,并测试其抗菌性能。将产物对羊毛织物进行抗菌整理,研究整理时间和浓度等工艺条件对抗菌性能的影响。结果表明,TMC和MCT-TMC具有较好的抗菌性能;将其用于羊毛织物抗菌整理的最佳工艺条件为：整理时间60min,整理浓度分别为3%（owf）和2%（owf）;经TMC整理的织物对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率分别为97.8%和99.2%,MCT-TMC整理的织物对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率分别为98.6%和99.8%。MCT-TMC整理羊毛织物的耐洗涤性能比TMC有显著提高,洗涤后抑菌率仍达到90%以上。     

靛蓝对涤/棉织物的染色探讨

本文采用靛蓝对涤/棉织物进行染色,分别讨论了染液的酸碱度、染色温度和染色时间对织物得色量的影响.实验表明,织物的得色量随着染液中醋酸用量的增加而降低,随着染液中碱用量的增加而降低.染色织物的表观得色量一般随染色温度的升高而逐渐增加(不宜超过120℃),在120℃条件下染色织物表观得色量随染色时间的延长而逐渐降低.     

纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物增强复合材料的弯曲性能研究

本文主要对高性能纤维的纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物增强复合材料的弯曲性能进行研究分析.本文所用的增强纤维为玻璃纤维和高强聚乙烯纤维两种,增强织物包括玻璃纤维织物、高强聚乙烯纤维织物及玻璃纤维/聚乙烯纤维层间混合织物三种,基体为乙烯基酯树脂,文中着重对几种复合材料的弯曲性能进行测试和分析比较.分析结果表明,该类复合材料有很好的弯曲性能,含有玻璃纤维的横向弯曲破坏有其特点,玻璃纤维为脆性破坏,而聚乙烯纤维表现为屈曲破坏.     

芳纶Ⅲ织物及其中温固化环氧复合材料性能研究

首先对三种规格的国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维F-3/23 tex、F-3/44 tex和F-3/135 tex性能及其对应织物F-3P60、F-3S120和F-3S175性能进行了分析讨论。其次采用热熔预浸及热压罐固化法制备了三种国产芳纶Ⅲ织物/3233中温环氧复合材料F-3P60/3233、F-3S120/3233和F-3S175/3233,通过层合板复合材料的拉伸、压缩、弯曲、剪切性能及夹层板复合材料的滚筒剥离性能测试,获得了三种织物复合材料较为全面的基本性能,并对低温、湿热和水煮条件下的芳纶Ⅲ织物复合材料性能进行了测试并和室温性能进行对比分析。结果显示F-3/23 tex、F-3/44 tex和F-3/135 tex纤维的断裂强度均可稳定在28. 7 cN/dtex以上; F-3P60、F-3S120和F-3S175织物的拉伸断裂强度较高,其中F-3S175的经向、纬向拉伸断裂强度达到4499 N/25 mm和4338 N/25 mm,较进口914织物分别提高81. 7%和47. 5%; F-3P60/3233、F-3S120/3233和F-3S175/3233复合材料性能稳定,湿态条件的压缩强度降低幅度依次为41. 6%、41. 0%和40. 5%,水煮条件层间剪切强度依次降低31. 4%、35. 3%和31. 6%。     

分散染料微胶囊多次转移印花效果初探

分散染料被微胶囊化后,在不同的转印温度、转印时间、转印浓度下,对纯涤织物进行多次转移印花.通过测色仪测定织物的K/S值发现:分散染料微胶囊进行转印的次数在适当条件下可达10次以上,且其K/S值可基本保持不变;不同的转印条件对胶囊化染料的转印效果有较大影响.     

Electrostatic self‐assembly dyeing of cotton fabrics

A new approach to the dyeing of cotton fabrics using an electrostatic self‐assembly method was evaluated. Cotton fabrics were pretreated with 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonuium chloride and cationic charges were produced on the fabric surfaces. For the dyeing of cotton fabric, reactive and acid dyes were used. Oppositely charged anionic reactive/acid dyes and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were alternately deposited on the surface of cationised cotton fabrics. Ten multilayer films of dye/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were deposited on the cotton fabric surfaces using a padder. The build‐up of the multilayer films and the level of colour strength (K/S) achieved are discussed. Samples of cotton fabrics were also dyed with the same dyes, but using the exhaust method, and both types of dyed samples were compared. The washing, rubbing and light fastness properties were evaluated for the dyed fabrics.     

Photochromic ink formulation for digital inkjet printing and colour measurement of printed polyester fabrics

The application of a series of commercial photochromic dyes to polyester fabric by a digital inkjet printing method was investigated. Solvent‐based ink systems using the dyes were formulated. The inks were characterised in terms of their physical properties which are related to the jettability of the inks, and finally the prints were fixed onto polyester fabrics by thermal fixation. Colour measurement of the printed fabrics was used to measure their degree of photocoloration, fading rate, fatigue resistance, and storage stabilities. The measured properties of the inkjet‐printed fabrics were compared with the same properties of the same dyes applied to polyester fabrics by dyeing methods. The printed fabrics demonstrated inferior performance in terms of the degree of photocoloration, superior performance in the case of background colours, a higher rate of fading, and a lower fatigue resistance compared with that shown by the same dyes applied to polyester fabric by dyeing methods.     

含2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮基团活性染料的合成与应用研究

本文以苯甲酸为原料,经酰氯化生成苯甲酰氯,再与间苯二酚反应生成中间体2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮,产率79.4%。然后以2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮为封闭基,对位酯为重氮组分合成了黄、橙、红和蓝色4只新结构的活性染料,并用质谱对其结构进行了表征。用合成的染料对棉纤维染色,测定了染料的上染率和固色率,黄色染料染色性能较差。与未染色的棉纤维相比,染色后棉纤维的紫外线透过率大大降低。未染色纤维UPF值为1.3,经过黄、橙、红和蓝色染料染色的棉纤维的UPF值分别为6.1、16.1、16.0、18.5,除黄色外都达到了很好的抗紫外线效果。     

Dyeing and finishing of lyocell union fabrics: an industrial study

Lyocell union fabrics, namely lyocell/silk and lyocell/polyester fabrics, were woven in different fabric constructions and dyed with reactive dyes, acid dyes and a disperse dye. The resulting dyed fabrics were given a resin finishing treatment and their wash fastness was measured. With appropriate dye selection and control of dyeing conditions, some bright solid shades and effective cross‐dyed shades were obtained. The dyed and finished fabrics had a smooth, lustrous handle, ideal for lightweight garments.     

The preparation of cotton knitgoods

An acidic preparation procedure for cotton was assessed by comparing the performance of fabrics prepared by this method to identical fabrics prepared by caustic scouring and peroxide bleaching. The fabrics were assessed in terms of levelness of dyes, penetration of dyes and the physical properties of the fabric. The performance of all three fabrics were similar. However, the acidic preparation process is shown to be more acceptable from both an economic and an environmental perspective.     

Surface treatment of cotton fabrics with chitosan

Antibacterial activities of cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics treated with chitosan or chitosan/DMDHEU have been investigated. The washing durability properties of the aforementioned fabrics were also studied. Another group of fabric samples produced from mature and immature cotton fibres were dyed with reactive dyes and the colour yields and colour differences of the dyed fabrics assessed. The surfaces of the treated and untreated cotton fabrics were observed by scanning electron microscopy to compare the morphology.     

Assessment of uniformity of fibre coloration in Tencel woven fabrics dyed using reactive dyes

Weave structure and fabric density has an influence on dye penetration. The uniformity of dyeing, expressed as the uniformity of fibre coloration, of Tencel woven fabrics comprised of different weave structures, was assessed. The fabrics were dyed by exhaust and continuous dyeing methods using selected reactive dyes. Cross‐sectional images were captured and then given a rating 1–5 with respect to the depth of the fibre filaments of the yarn of the woven fabric. The images were assessed both subjectively and objectively. The uniformity of fibre coloration was expressed in terms of the standard deviation, mean value and histogram analysis such as dispersion and bandwidth. Objective assessment of uniformity of fibre coloration is a more accurate and quicker method than visual assessment and can be used to assess the uniformity of fibre coloration of woven and knitted fabrics dyed by any class of dyes. Improvement of the uniformity of fibre coloration of Tencel fabrics of various weave structures by causticisation of the fabrics and by modification to the padding process was investigated.     

Measurements of dye absorption by cellulose triacetate using matching index of refraction absorption spectroscopy

A simple method of analysis has been devised in which the uptake of disperse dyes in triacetate fabrics can be monitored using ordinary absorption spectroscopy. The experimental technique requires that a sample of triacetate fabric be immersed in a liquid having the same index of refraction as the constituent fibres, thus rendering the fabric transparent to visible light. Under these conditions, a dyed sample of fabric may be placed in the cell compartment of an ordinary ultraviolet/visible spectrometer allowing one to measure the absorption spectrum of the dye molecules located within the constituent triacetate fibres of the fabric sample. Values measured for the absorbance of several dyes incorporated within samples of triacetate fabric are shown to satisfy the Beer–Lambert law, thus enabling one to measure the rate of dye uptake by triacetate fabric samples placed in infinite dyebaths.     

The role of natural dyes in the UV protection of fabrics made of vegetable fibres

The safest protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is offered by textiles including various apparels, accessories such as hats and shade structures such as umbrellas. Their protectiveness depends on fabric composition, (natural, artificial or synthetic fibres), fabric construction (porosity, weight and thickness) and dyeing (natural or synthetic dyes, dye concentration, UV-absorbing properties, etc.). In this study the UV-protection properties were investigated on fabrics made of vegetable fibres (cotton, flax, hemp and ramie), with different construction parameters (drapery and apparel fabrics), dyed with some of the most common natural dyes. The effect of a tannins-based mordant (the galls of Quercus infectoria) on UV-protection capacity was also tested. UV radiation transmittance of fabrics was measured by two methods: one based on the utilisation of a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere (in vitro test), and the other based on outdoor measurements taken by a spectroradiometer. Transmittance measurements were used to calculate the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF).Our results revealed that thick and dense (cover factor, CF > 94%) drapery fabrics made of vegetable fibres usually showed good UV-protection levels even if undyed. The use of the tannins-based mordant increased, even without dyeing, the UV-protection level up to the very good and/or excellent protection categories when fabric construction was suitable. Dyeing did not further increase the protection level.Lighter fabrics, usually used for apparel, even showed high UV-protection level after just dyeing, provided that CF was above 94%.Taking into account the high concentrations of dyes used in the present work and the utilisation of mordants containing tannins, slight differences in UV-protection capacity were detected among natural dyes tested and between the two different methods of transmittance measurement. However, UV-protection category defined from outdoor measurements was often higher than that calculated by the in vitro test, indicating an underestimation of the actual protection level of tested fabrics assessed by the latter.     

槐米染色棉织物工艺及其抗紫外性能研究

为实现槐米染料的工业化应用及提高棉织物的功能性,分析了使用壳聚糖、Al3+、Fe2+媒染剂预媒染色法对棉织物染色效果的影响,重点研究了铝预媒染方法染色温度、染色时间、pH值等工艺参数对染色棉织物K/S值的影响,并测试了槐米染色棉织物的抗紫外性能。结果表明:直接使用槐米染色的效果较差;壳聚糖媒染对上染效果影响不大,使用铝、铁媒染剂,可得到不同颜色的棉织物;铝媒染剂染色棉织物为鲜艳的黄色,为较好的媒染方法;铝预媒染染色方法染色优化条件为:温度为80℃,染色时间120分钟,染浴pH值为6.8;铝预媒染染色棉织物具有较好的抗紫外性能。