河口海域热污染综合模型及其应用

根据强混合型河口海域的水流条件及边界条件，针对温热排水污染源，从物理机制入手，提出了三维－多层二维平面扩散综合模型。通过对实际河口海域流速场和温度场的模拟计算可知其具有较高的精度和实用价值。     

河口海域污染非线性扩散数值解法研究

在分析蛟路江河口海域流态和污染规律的基础上,考虑盐淡水混合河口海域的污染非线性扩散现象,用有限元解法进行数值分析计算,并对数值解的稳定性进行了分析探讨,通过计算值与实测值的比较,验证了该解法具有较好的精度。     

基于遗传算法的入湖河各口水环境容量计算模型及应用

针对传统计算入湖河口水环境容量采用混合区控制方法存在计算量和误差大的问题,提出一种以遗传算法为基础的湖泊污染源控制方法,基于反问题理念将遗传算法与湖泊二维水质模型相结合,仅需调用一次水量水质模型,即可计算入湖各河口的水环境容量。以太湖为例,构建了基于遗传算法的入湖各河口水环境容量计算模型,计算结果表明该模型简便、效率高,获得了太湖主要入湖各河口的COD水环境容量由大到小的排序规律。     

剧烈变化的径流对九龙江河口流动特性的影响

为了认识不同径流与潮流博弈引发的河口流动特性的变化规律,采用数学模型和大型河口物理模型耦合的方法,系统研究了九龙江下游北溪浦南水文站、西溪郑店水文站以下广大河口区域的流场及水位场的变化。结果表明,天然状态下,当九龙江径流为15 540、2 896、374m3/s且河口恰遇典型日天文大潮时,潮流界分别位于甘文尾后的红树林海洋自然保护区、南北中港以及西溪河道的渡头村和北溪河道的科坑村,径流变化可使潮流界上溯约35km;不同径流条件下河口三角洲的南港、中港、北港行洪和纳潮的分流比及流动特性发生显著变化;九龙江葫芦状河口及厦门岛周边存在径流对潮位影响的分界区,厦门岛北支口门区域受九龙江北溪和西溪径流影响很小。     

浅谈澜沧江流域水能水资源的开发与利用

澜沧江由于落差大，迳流丰沛稳定等条件决定其水能资源丰富，根据动力要求自布衣至南阿河口干流规划１４个梯级。这些电站具备良好的地质条件，水库淹没损失小等，可作为近期开发项目。     

枯季咸潮期珠江河口水资源调度模型研究

珠江河口磨刀门水道沿岸分布有众多取水口,该地区受咸潮影响严重,其水量与水质(含氯度)对该地区的水资源调度有重要影响。针对咸潮期珠江河口水资源调度的特点,采用宏观与微观相结合的方法,建立了耦合咸潮预报数学模型和水资源系统管网模型的珠江河口水资源调度模型。宏观上基于咸潮数学模型预报的各取水口咸情,结合相关调度规则及水库实时库容、水厂需水量等信息,确定各取水泵站需提供的取水量;微观上建立水资源系统管网模型,对水库水位、节点含氯度等进行精细模拟。模拟结果表明,所构建的模型能对咸潮影响下的珠江河口地区多水源水量、水质联合调度过程进行合理描述,可为枯季咸潮期珠江河口水资源实时调度方案的制定提供参考。     

河口水环境质量评价的蒙特卡罗法

为有效处理河口水环境综合评价系统中的随机性、模糊性、资料信息的不完整及不精确性,并考虑评价指标的相对重要性,建立了基于蒙特卡罗法模拟计算的河口水环境质量综合评价模型,并将其应用于巢湖流域十五里河入湖河口沉积物重金属污染评价中.实例应用结果表明,蒙特卡罗法可模拟出河口水环境质量评价系统的大量模拟序列,较未确知理论的延拓技术更直接地计算河口水环境评价指数;模糊层次分析法求出了各重金属评价指标的相对权重,表明重金属Hg具有最大的危害性;河口水环境质量综合评价结果为2级中污染,且具有99.7％的可能性,较简单叠加法更符合实际.     

基于波流耦合分析下的斋堂岛海域潮流特性研究

利用Delft3D FLOW和WAVE模块建立斋堂岛海域的潮流场、波浪场水动力学模型,并通过2个模块在线耦合的方法建立波流双向耦合模型,模拟并分析波流耦合环境下的斋堂岛海域潮流特性;根据波流耦合模型和潮流模型数值模拟的结果,对比分析波流耦合环境下的斋堂岛海域潮流特性变化,同时研究波浪在沿岸不同的空间位置对流速变化的影响。结果表明:斋堂岛海域在离岸位置160～400 m的波浪破碎带区域内,波浪对流速的影响较为明显,且在水深较浅区域影响幅度大于水深较深区域。     

长江河口段潮位预报及实时校正模型

针对长江河口段潮位周期性变化规律,采用调和分析法建立了潮汐预报模型,根据对分析期若干年潮位推算揭示了误差与上游径流闻关系,并建立了以上游大通水文站实测流量为输入的实时校正模型.潮汐预报模型与实时校正模型相结合,既可提前预知长江河口段的水情,又能根据动态掌握的大通流量信息对前期预报结果实时校正以提高预报精度,对类似河段的潮位预报具有参考价值.     

基于Delft3D的大辽河水动力水质数值模拟

近年来,大辽河流域工业化发展迅速,带来了一系列水质恶化问题。因此,通过实测大辽河水文和水质数据,基于Delft3D建立大辽河二维水动力模型,对其进行水位和水温验证,计算值与实测值基本吻合;在水动力模型的基础上建立水质模型,对其进行NH⁺₄-N(氨氮)和DO(溶解氧)验证,计算结果基本能够反映真实水质变化趋势。通过验证后的水动力水质耦合模型分析大辽河水动力水质输移特征。结果表明,大辽河具有明显的半日潮特征,河口处的流速低于内陆河道的流速;NH⁺₄-N浓度年际分布较为均匀,DO浓度夏季较低,冬季较高;涨潮时,河口处NH⁺₄-N浓度降低,落潮时河口处NH⁺₄-N浓度升高;汛期排放的污染物浓度峰值高于枯水期的值,峰现时间也早于枯水期,在枯水期,污染物更容易在河口处滞留;整合排污口和减排两种方式均能降低河道内污染物浓度,靠近河道上游整合排污口方式优于减排方式,靠近河口减排方式略优于整合排污口。研究成果可为大辽河水质管理提供...     

长江口北支倒灌盐水团对取水口的影响及流量响应规律

为了研究北支倒灌盐水团对南支取水口水质的影响,构建了A、B1模型模拟盐水团对潮位、水质、盐度的影响。经过验证,发现模型水动力模拟结果及盐度模拟结果与实测数据较为吻合,再利用此模型模拟了大江口北支倒灌盐水团对取水口的影响及流量响应规律。模拟结果表明,北支倒灌盐水团在南支活动呈现以半月为周期下移,倒灌盐水团形成于大潮期间,随着潮差的减小,倒灌逐渐减弱,盐水团逐渐下移;由于盐水团下移的影响,在取水口处的潮平均盐度过程线随着时间呈现较为对称的驼峰形状;在同一取水口盐度,不同流量下潮平均盐度过程线的驼峰最高值随着流量增加逐渐变小,与流量呈指数关系,而最高值出现的时间随着流量增大而逐渐提前。可见流量是控制北支倒灌盐水团对取水口影响的关键因素。     

THE INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE ON THE COMBUSTION OF WOOD

A new three-dimensional (3-D) field model for enclosure fire growth has been developed by CSIRO and UNSW, Australia. The model includes the coupling of gas-phase combustion and the pyrolysis of wood. It has been used to predict the flame spread and fire development in a room witha rear timber wall and a propane burner. A parametric study of the effects of the moisture content of the timber on the flame spread and development of the fire in a room is described. The computed results compare satisfactorily with measurements from a fire test carefully conducted in a room.     

电力系统运行方式电力电量平衡优化模型研究初探

本文针对电力系统电力电量平衡中典型日负荷图上安排各电站工作位置问题(即生产运行方式设计)提出了一种分解变换模式,有效地克服了现有方法的局限性。根据该模式,本文建立了电力系统运行方式优化模型。     

电力系统周波变化趋势的提取与预测

提出一种利用时间序列分析方法建立的回归模型，根据该模型可以在线进行递推预测电力系统周波变化趋势     

Nonlinear 2D analysis of the efficiency of fixed Oscillating Water Column wave energy converters

This paper reports on the development of a two-dimensional, fully nonlinear Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to analyse the efficiency of fixed Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) devices with linear power take off systems. The model was validated against previous experimental, analytical and numerical results of others. In particular, the simulation results show excellent agreement with the analytical results obtained by Sarmento and Falcão [1] for linear waves in a 2D channel and with previous experiments by others on the interaction between nonlinear waves and a fixed barge. Results are presented for linear waves on the influence of the seaward wall draft and thickness of the OWC device on the resonant frequency and the capture efficiency of the OWC. The key outcome of the present work is that for fully nonlinear waves a substantial decrease in the hydrodynamic capture efficiency of the OWC device was observed with increasing wave height, which represents a significant departure from the linear wave case. The optimal pneumatic damping coefficient for the OWC was also found to be dependent on the wave height. By analysing the magnitude of the first and higher order components of the incident nonlinear waves and the response of the OWC it was found that the first order capture efficiency decreases with increasing wave height, which in turn implies that the OWC hydrodynamic system is fully nonlinear and that the behaviour of an OWC in a nonlinear wave train cannot be accurately represented by the superposition of the linear response to a number of component linear waves. These results have significant implications for the design and operation of practical OWC systems.     

水电站群装机容量优化分配的模糊嘉量原理法

本文把嘉量原理与模糊数学结合起来,建立了求解模糊条件语句下的水电站群装机容量优化分配的数学模型,并通过实例验证该方法在理论上和实用上合理、计算简便有效。     

Likelihood of a marine vessel accident from wind energy development in the Atlantic

Offshore wind energy development is planned for areas off the Atlantic coast. Many of the planned wind development areas fall within traditional commercial vessel routes. In order to mitigate possible hazards to ships and to wind turbines, it is important to understand the potential for increased risk to commercial shipping from the presence of wind farms. Risk is identified as the likelihood that an occurrence will happen, and the consequences of that occurrence, should it occur. This paper deals with the likelihood of commercial vessel accidents, because of the development of offshore wind energy along the US Atlantic coast. Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, historical shipping routes between ports in the Atlantic were identified, from Maine to the Florida Straits. The AIS data were also used as inputs to a numerical model that can simulate cargo, tanker and tug/towing vessel movement along typical routes. The model was used to recreate present day vessel movement, as well as to simulate future routing that may be required to avoid wind farms. By comparing the present and future routing of vessels, an analysis of potential maritime accidents was used to determine the increased marginal risk of vessel collisions, groundings and allisions with stationary objects, because of the presence of wind farms. The outcome of the analysis showed little increase in vessel collisions or allisions, and a decrease in groundings as more vessels were forced seaward by the wind farms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高空飞艇薄膜太阳电池内辐射量计算研究

修正了任一方向的平面内太阳辐射计算模型,使之适用于编程计算各种倾角和方位角平面上的太阳辐射。在曲面上进行网格划分,生成若干个小平面,推导出平面法向量与倾角和方位角之间的关系式,逐个计算每个小平面上太阳辐射量,叠加后近似代替整个曲面上的太阳辐射量。运用此方法计算了高空飞艇的薄膜太阳电池上辐射量,并与此薄膜太阳电池在水平投影面内辐射量计算结果进行比较。结果表明,用水平投影面内辐射量代替薄膜太阳电池内辐射量有很大的偏差。因此,在高空飞艇能源系统性能详细分析阶段需要使用曲面内太阳辐射量计算模型,为随后的光电转换与能源系统计算提供准确的太阳辐射数据。