A novel periodic electromagnetic bandgap structure for finite-widthconductor-backed coplanar waveguides

The one-dimensional (1-D) periodic electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure for the finite-width conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (FW-CBCPW) is proposed. Unlike the conventional EBG structures for the microstrip line and the coplanar waveguide (CPW), which are typically placed on one of the signal strips and the ground plane, this EBG cell is etched on both the signal strip and the upper ground plane of FW-CBCPW resulting in a novel circuit element. The equivalent circuit is also used to model the EBG cell. Measured and full-wave simulated results show that the cell exhibits remarkable stopband effect. The low-pass filter with lower cutoff frequency and wider rejection bandwidth is constructed from a serial connection of the EBG cells. The effect of back metallization on the guiding characteristic is also discussed. Compared to the published EBG cells, the proposed structure has the advantages of relative flexibility, higher compactness, lower radiation loss, and easier integration with the uniplanar circuits     

Design and Realization of a Novel Compact Electromagnetic Band-Gap Structure

A novel compact electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure constructed by etching two reverse split rings (RSRs) and inserting interleaving edge (IE) on the patch of conventional mushroom-like EBG (CML-EBG) is investigated. Simulated dispersion diagrams show that the proposed EBG structure presents a 13.6% size reduction in the center frequency of the bandgap. Two comparisons have been carried out for the analysis of the effect of the RSRs and IE configuration. Then, a sample of this novel EBG is fabricated and tested, further experimental data agree well with the simulated results. Thus, this EBG structure makes a good candidate to decrease mutual coupling in compact microstrip patch array.     

Tapered dual-plane compact electromagnetic bandgap microstrip filter structures

In this paper, the designs of two novel tapered dual-plane compact electromagnetic bandgap (C-EBG) microstrip filter structures are presented. With the dual-plane configuration, the proposed structure displays an ultrawide stopband with high attenuation within a small circuit area. Chebyshev distribution is adopted to eliminate ripples in the passband caused by the periodicity of the EBG structure. This gives rise to a compact EBG structure that exhibits excellent transmission and rejection characteristics in the passband and the stopband, respectively. The proposed structures are implemented and the measurement results are found to be in good agreement with the simulation results, verifying the excellent stopband and passband performance obtained using the proposed configuration. These novel structures are easy to fabricate and are promising structures that have wide applications for compact and high performance circuit component designs in microwave circuits.     

Radiation from Electromagnetic Bandgap Microstrip Structures

The radiation from electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) microstrip structures is studied. The results show that the radiation from an EBG microstrip structure at most of the frequencies in the stopband and the passband is larger than that of the corresponding conventional microstrip line. Therefore, EBG microstrip circuit s should be shielded and new EBG microstrip structures whose radiation is little should be developed.     

Size reduction of microstrip antennas by means of periodic metallic patterns

A metallic electromagnetic bandgap material (EBG) is realised by combining 4/spl times/4 unit cells in a square geometry and excited by a microstrip line through a slot-aperture. It is shown that this structure is a radiating one, called an EBG patch, resonating at a lower frequency than the plain patch showing the same dimensions. An analytical model for the wavenumber of the EBG material facilitates the design of the EBG patch.     

基于局域共振机制的平面型金属-电介质电磁波带隙结构的实验研究

研究了具有高阻抗的电磁带隙(EBG)的双层平面型金属-电介质周期性单元结构,此类结构的特定频率的表面波抑制和同相位反射性质在微波天线及高速电路中有广阔应用前景。本文根据S ivenp iper等效电路模型,初步分析了表面波带隙与EBG单元结构的几何参数的关系,然后通过实验研究了TM表面电磁波高阻抗电磁表面的表面波带隙的参数特征。论证了关于EBG高阻抗电磁表面的几何参数(单元长度、单元间距、介质厚度、导孔直径)、方向性以及周期数(单元数)对其表面波带隙特征的影响,并对此作了讨论分析,所得结论为高阻抗电磁表面的设计提供了依据。     

基于复合左右手传输线的2.45 GHz微带天线设计

基于复合左右手传输线基本原理, 提出了电磁带隙结构的双负媒质微带天线设计方法, 并制作了2.45 GHz的微带天线.该微带天线由2个单元的电磁带隙组成, 此电磁带隙结构经过优化采用非均匀结构, 可通过调整贴片尺寸和金属过孔半径来改变电磁带隙结构单元等效电路的并联部分电容和电感, 进而调节天线的谐振频率.设计并制作的微带天线其贴片整体尺寸为53.2 mm×19.8 mm, 在2.45 GHz的回波损耗为-32.6 dB, 方向图近似为8字形方向图, 最大增益为0.72 dB.仿真和测试的回波损耗、方向图符合得很好, 从而验证了这种设计方法的有效性.     

Design of EBG Power Distribution Networks With VHF-Band Cutoff Frequency and Small Unit Cell Size for Mixed-Signal Systems

Hybrid electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) power distribution networks (PDNs) with VHF-band cutoff frequency, small unit cell size, and wideband noise suppression characteristics are proposed. Commercial lumped chip inductors are used to implement inductive bridges between neighboring metal patches instead of conventional microstrip lines. A 1D analysis model of the EBG structure is developed to find a mathematical ground for the use of the lumped chip inductors in the EBG PDN designs. From 158 MHz to 4528 MHz a measured stopband bandwidth of 4.37 GHz is achieved with over -60 dB noise suppression levels.     

Electromagnetic bandgap phased array antenna controlled by piezoelectric transducer

The optimal performance of a phased array antenna controlled by a piezoelectric transducer, having an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure in the ground plane of the feed microstrip lines, is illustrated. The EBG presence increases by about 10/spl deg/ the beam scanning angle achieved by the multiline phase shifter.     

Electromagnetic band gap coupled tri-notched miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna loaded with slot and parasitic strip

An electromagnetic band gap (EBG) coupled miniaturized tri-notched printed ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole microstrip antenna having dimensions of 22 mm × 26 mm × 1.6 mm loaded with a slot in radiating patch and a parasitic strip in the ground plane has been presented. The proposed structure incorporates a square-shaped metallic radiating patch with a square EBG structure adjacent to the microstrip feed line, a U-shaped meandered slot over the radiating element, and a U-shaped parasitic resonator at the ground plane beneath the radiating element, to reject the C-band satellite downlink (3.7 to 4.2 GHz), WLAN frequency band (5.15 to 5.85 GHz), and X-band satellite downlink (7.25 to 7.75 GHz) frequency bands, respectively. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range from 3 to 11.1 GHz, with an impedance bandwidth of 8.1 GHz and a percentage bandwidth of 114%. Modification steps incorporating into the reference antenna to achieve the desired design objectives have been discussed, along with parametric studies. The proposed design has been simulated using Ansys HFSS, and measurement has been taken using standard measurement technique and compared with the simulated results.     

Metamaterial-based antenna with triangular slotted ground for efficiency improvement

A metamaterial-based antenna is presented that consists of periodic electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) cells on the top plane and triangular slots on the bottom ground plane. This proposed microstrip patch antenna can yield left-handed, zeroth-order and right-handed metamaterial resonances owing to the asymmetrical periodic structure of honeycomb- like EBG. Experimentally, the efficiency of this antenna is improved by about 14.7% at the zeroth-order resonant mode as the triangular slot length on the ground plane is increased from 0 to 5.5 mm.     

A Novel Compact Spiral Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Structure

A novel compact electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure in a spiral shape is presented and investigated. This structure significantly enlarges the capacitance between neighboring elements. The simulations and experimental results have proved that the size of the spiral structure is only 30.9% of the conventional EBG structure. Two applications have been shown, including patch antenna with the spiral EBG structure and a double-element microstrip antenna array with low mutual coupling. The measured results show that a gain improvement over 3 dB and a significant reduction of cross polarization in H-plane are obtained. A 6 dB reduction of mutual coupling is achieved in a double-element EBG microstrip antenna array.     

Multi‐stack Technique for a Compact and Wideband EBG Structure in High‐Speed Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards

We propose a novel multi‐stack (MS) technique for a compact and wideband electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure in high‐speed multilayer printed circuit boards. The proposed MS technique efficiently converts planar EBG arrays into a vertical structure, thus substantially miniaturizing the EBG area and reducing the distance between the noise source and the victim. A dispersion method is presented to examine the effects of the MS technique on the stopband characteristics. Enhanced features of the proposed MS‐EBG structure were experimentally verified using test vehicles. It was experimentally demonstrated that the proposed MS‐EBG structure efficiently suppresses the power/ground noise over a wideband frequency range with a shorter port‐to‐port spacing than the unit‐cell length, thus overcoming a limitation of previous EBG structures.     

Application of VSI‐EBG Structure to High‐Speed Differential Signals for Wideband Suppression of Common‐Mode Noise

In this paper, we present wideband common‐mode (CM) noise suppression using a vertical stepped impedance electromagnetic bandgap (VSI‐EBG) structure for high‐speed differential signals in multilayer printed circuit boards. This technique is an original design that enables us to apply the VSI‐EBG structure to differential signals without sacrificing the differential characteristics. In addition, the analytical dispersion equations for the bandgap prediction of the CM propagation in the VSI‐EBG structure are extracted, and the closed‐form expressions for the bandgap cutoff frequencies are derived. Based on the dispersion equations, the effects of the impedance ratio, the EBG patch length, and via inductances on the bandgap of the VSI‐EBG structure for differential signals are thoroughly examined. The proposed dispersion equations are verified through agreement with the full‐wave simulation results. It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed VSI‐EBG structure for differential signaling suppresses the CM noise in the wideband frequency range without degrading the differential characteristics.     

Suppression of EMI and Electromagnetic Noise in Packages Using Embedded Capacitance and Miniaturized Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures With High-k Dielectrics

A novel miniaturized simple planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed. The new structure mitigates different types of electromagnetic noise in packages. The design of the new EBG structure proposed here relies on the use of high-k dielectric material (epsiv_r >100), and consists of Meander lines and patches. The Meander lines serve to provide current continuity bridges between the capacitive patches. High-k dielectric material increases the capacitance of the patches substantially in comparison to commonly used material with much lower dielectric constant. Simulation results are provided to show that using the proposed EBG, it is possible to obtain a very wide stop band (~ 10 GHz) which covers the operating frequency of current processors and a wide range of the resonant frequencies of a typical package. The wideband is obtained using a unit cell of less than 2 mm.     

A Power Plane With Wideband SSN Suppression Using a Multi-Via Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure

In this letter, a power plane with wideband simultaneous switching noise (SSN) suppression using a novel multi-via electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed. The -40dB stopband of the proposed EBG structure is about two to six times wider than the one-via structure, and the relative bandwidth is increased by about two times. It is implemented by only adding some vias between patches and the reference plane without changing any other geometrical parameters from one-via EBG structures. The excellent SSN suppression performance was verified by simulations and measurements     

Ultra-Wideband Mitigation of Simultaneous Switching Noise Using Novel Planar Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures

A novel design of power/ground plane with planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures for suppressing simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is presented. The novel design is based on using meander lines to increase the effective inductance of EBG patches. A super cell EBG structure, comprising two different topologies on the same board, is proposed to extend the lower edge of the band. Both novel designs proposed here are validated experimentally. A$-$28dB suppression bandwidth starting at 250MHz and extending to 12GHz and beyond is achieved.     

A Double-Surface Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure With One Surface Embedded in Power Plane for Ultra-Wideband SSN Suppression

In this letter, a double-surface electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with one EBG surface embedded in power plane is proposed for ultra-wideband simultaneous switching noise (SSN) suppression in printed circuit boards. The SSN suppression bandwidth is broadened to wider than 30 GHz with a low start frequency by combining traditional EBG structure and the coplanar EBG structure which is embedded in the power plane. Because the coplanar EBG surface is embedded in the power plane, no additional metal layer is introduced by the double-surface EBG structure. Simulations and measurements are performed to verify the broadband SSN suppression, high performance is observed.     

一种新型的双带电磁带隙结构

提出了一种曲折型缝隙加载的新型双带电磁带隙结构,这一结构可以在相同介质层中利用一种单元实现双带的表面波带隙.使用无限周期的色散能带图分析其表面波带隙特性并加工了电磁带隙结构样品.应用一对探针耦合的方法测量了该结构的横电波(transverse electric,TE)和横磁波(transverse magnetic,TM)模式下表面波带隙,实验结果表明:利用色散能带图分析的表面波带隙与测量数据基本吻合,验证了缝隙加载方法实现双带表面波带隙的可行性.     

A novel compact electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structure and its applications for microwave circuits

A novel electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structure in a fork-like shape is investigated. This structure has an extremely compact size. A comparison has been carried out between the new structure and the conventional mushroom-like EBG structure. Simulations and experimental results have verified that the area of the fork-like structure is less than 40% of the latter. The presented structure also provides an additional degree of freedom to adjust the bandgap position, which is applied to design a novel reconfigurable multiband EBG structure. Several application examples have been demonstrated, including a double-element microstrip antenna array with low mutual coupling, notch-type antenna duplexer, and steerable array with a linearly discrete beamsteering of 20/spl deg/ in steps of 10/spl deg/ at 2.468 GHz.