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形状记忆合金驱动仿生蝠鲼机器鱼的设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了一种采用鳐科模式游动、柔性胸鳍摆动方式推进的形状记忆合金(SMA)丝驱动型仿生蝠鲼机
器鱼.首先,对双吻前口蝠鲼游动动作进行了分析,建立了蝠鲼胸鳍柔性摆动的简化运动模型.然后对能够模仿蝠
鲼肌肉动作的智能材料进行了分析.最后设计了SMA 丝驱动的柔性仿生胸鳍和仿生蝠鲼机器鱼,并分析了SMA 丝
的热力学特性,确定了控制规律.该机器鱼外形与双吻前口蝠鲼外形相似,身体呈现扁平形状,有一对三角形的柔
性仿生胸鳍,直线游动速度达到79 mm/s,最小转弯半径为118 mm.该机器鱼游动稳定性好,无噪声. 相似文献
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仿生机器鱼的运动控制是仿生机器鱼推广应用的基础;然而,仿鲹科机器鱼的推进一般采用鱼体波数据,很少采用真实鱼类游动数据;为了深入探究仿鲹科机器鱼运动控制方法,采用了计算流体力学方法,通过标定流体介质、来流速度、鱼体几何形状等措施,利用Fluent软件进行了建模,然后针对鱼体波数据和真实金枪鱼游动采样数据两种不同推进数据对仿生机器鱼进行了仿真和实验;结果表明对于多关节仿生机器鱼推进方面,真实金枪鱼游动采样数据相较于常见的鱼体波产生的推进数据,在躯干进行大幅值摆动的情况下效果更好;这一仿真和实验对比为仿鲹科机器鱼的高效运动控制提供了一种新思路。 相似文献
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微小型仿生机器鱼设计与实时路径规划 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出一种结构紧凑, 运动灵活, 装配多传感器, 可自主游动的微小型仿生机器鱼系统设计方案. 在仿鲹科加月牙尾模式鱼类运动研究的基础上, 给出了微小型机器鱼推进、转弯等运动的控制方法. 结合运动控制和传感器信息处理, 给出了基于红外传感器的自主避障算法和基于光敏传感器的主动趋光算法, 进而提出了基于这两种传感器信息感知的动态光源跟踪方法. 通过实验, 给出了机器鱼尾部摆动频率、幅度和运动速度之间的关系, 验证了机器鱼追踪动态光源算法, 表明了本文所提系统设计方案和算法的有效性. 相似文献
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通过变截面悬臂梁受迫振动响应模拟鱼体变形,设计了单驱动仿生机器鱼.建立了机器鱼自主游动中变形体耦合动力学方程,运用数值仿真研究的方法探讨了其"加速-滑行"游动模式的动力特性.发现可以通过加速时间和滑行时间的组合得到更高的游动效率,拓展了机器鱼的高效运动控制模式. 相似文献
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给出并比较了两类分别采用鱼体波动方程和中枢模式发生器(Central pattern generator,CPG)控制仿鲹科机器鱼倒游运动的方法.前者主要通过修改鱼体波动方程、颠倒机器鱼各个关节的控制规律来实现 鱼体倒游;后者则基于CPG模型,产生各个关节的节律控制信号.基于CPG的倒游方法可进一步细分为两种:1) 相位颠倒的CPG控制方法,即通过逆转CPG控制机器鱼直游的相位关系;2) 相位-幅值颠倒的CPG控制方法,即通过逆转鱼体波的传播方向和摆动幅值来实现机器鱼倒游.文中针对这两大类、三种机器鱼倒游运动控制方法 进行了分析、仿真和实验.实验结果表明:在相同参数配置下,采用相位颠倒的CPG控制方法产生的倒游速度最大,但游动对水的扰动也最大;而采用鱼体波倒游和相位-幅值颠倒的CPG控制方法时,两者产生的最大倒游速度相差不大,扰动较小.此外,采用鱼体波倒游方法在频率切换时会有抖动现象,需要设计专门的过渡函数来消除;而采用CPG模型的方法 则可以实现平滑过渡.上述结果对提高水下游动机器人的机动性能具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
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NiTi形状记忆合金驱动的仿生鱼鳍的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了提高仿鱼型推进器在水中运动的灵活性,选择了典型的依靠腹部绸带状鱼鳍波动运动产生推进力的黑色魔鬼刀鱼进行研究,对此绸带状鱼鳍的形态和运动机理进行了分析,同时对鱼鳍的结构进行简化.基于绸带状鱼鳍的这种简化模型设计了形状记忆合金驱动的仿生鱼鳍.介绍了鱼鳍的机械结构和相应的控制电路.重点推导了仿生鱼鳍波状运动时理论上能到达的推进速度和产生的推进力;并采用数值仿真给出了波动推进时仿生鱼鳍表面的压力分布以及推进力随时间的周期变化规律.将数值仿真结论和先前的实验结果进行了比较,验证了数值仿真的合理性和正确性.通过上述分析,说明基于形状记忆合金驱动的仿生鱼鳍的研究是很有意义而且可行的. 相似文献
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Kin Huat Low 《国际自动化与计算杂志》2006,3(4):374-381
Many fishes use undulatory fin to propel themselves in the underwater environment. These locomotor mechanisms have a popular interest to many researchers. In the present study, we perform a three-dimensional unsteady computation of an undulatory mechanical fin that is driven by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). The objective of the computation is to investigate the fluid dynamics of force production associated with the undulatory mechanical fin. An unstructured, grid-based, unsteady Navier-Stokes solver with automatic adaptive remeshing is used to compute the unsteady flow around the fin through five complete cycles. The pressure distribution on fin surface is computed and integrated to provide fin forces which are decomposed into lift and thrust. The velocity field is also computed throughout the swimming cycle. Finally,a comparison is conducted to reveal the dynamics of force generation according to the kinematic parameters of the undulatory fin (amplitude, frequency and wavelength). 相似文献
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Kin Huat Low 《国际自动化与计算杂志》2006,3(4):348-357
This paper presents an environmental-friendly robotic system mimicking the undulating fins of a fish. To mimic the actual flexible fin of real fish, a fin-like mechanism with a series of connecting linkages is modeled and attached to the robotic fish, by virtue of a specially designed strip. Each link is able to turn and slide with respect to the adjacent link. These driving linkages are then used to form a mechanical fin consisting of several fin segments, which are able to produce undulations, similar to those produced by the actual fish fins. Owing to the modular and re-configurable design of the mechanical fin, we are able to construct biomimetic robotic fish with various swimming modes by fin undulations. Some qualitative and workspace observations by experiments of the robotic fish are shown and discussed. 相似文献
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This paper describes an active catheter with flexible polyimide-based integrated CMOS interface circuits for communication and control (C&C IC) to be used for applications in biomedicine. The active catheter has a multilink structure. Distributed micro shape memory alloy (SMA) coils are utilized as actuators for multidegree of freedom movement. The C&C IC's, which are incorporated on the links, require three common lead wires to address all the links and control the selected SMA actuators in the active catheter. An MOS transistor with large channel width is used for switching the SMA actuator. To reduce the system size and simplify the assembly work, the C&C circuit and three lead wires are fabricated on the same substrate using CMOS-compatible polyimide-based process. The outer diameter of the fabricated active catheter is approximately 2.0 mm. The fabricated active catheter has a four-link structure and six degrees of freedom of movement per one link. A simple bending model of one unit is presented and compared with the experiments. The fabricated C&C IC measures 1.0 mm×3.35 mm×0.2 mm. The link addressing and the actuator switching functions of the fabricated chip were confirmed. The minimum access time for addressing and actuating a single unit was 6.4 μs. The active catheter was actuated by the fabricated C&C IC chip with flexible interconnect leads in response to the C&C signals from the outside controller 相似文献
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为了研制一种轻便、可穿戴的仿生手指康复机器人,在分析手指肌肉骨骼生物参数及致动机理的基础上,设计了一种形状记忆合金丝(Shape Memory Alloy, SMA)驱动的软体柔性手指康复机器人,建立了其运动学和力学模型。以手套为结构设计的原型,通过控制SMA丝的收缩来模拟手指肌肉肌腱的收缩,从而实现辅助手指屈曲伸展运动的功能。试验研究了手指康复机器人的运动性能和抓握性能。试验结果表明,手指柔性康复机器人最大弯曲角度接近正常人手关节角度,最大指尖力可达18N,能完成日常所需的屈曲伸展以及抓握功能。 相似文献