有理式二阶前馈型神经网络

文章提出了二阶有理式多层前馈神经网络的数学模型。有理式多层神经网络的思想来源于函数逼近理论中的有理式逼近。有理式前馈神经网络模型是传统前俯神经网络模型的推广，能有效地求解函数逼近问题。文章给出了有理式多层神经网络的学习算法，即误差反传播学习算法。就计算复杂度而言，有理式神经网络的学习算法与传统的多层神经网络反传播算法是同阶的。文章还给出了函数逼近和模式识别两个应用实例，实验结果说明二阶有理式多层神经网络在解决传统的问题上是有效的。     

基于神经网络的惯性测量单元误差标定

针对惯性测鼍单元非线性误差的标定问题,为保证导航精度,设计了多层前向神经网络的补偿模型.神经网络算法具有良好逼近非线性函数的能力,适合于非线性系统的建模.采用BP神经网络为主要逼近手段,对惯性测量单元的非线性误差函数进行精确逼近,弥补了常规建模方法的不足.将算法应用到某型MEMS惯性测量单元的非线性误差建模中,进行了仿真验证.结果表明,BP神经网络对原始信号的逼近误差在工程应用允许范围内,较传统的的最小二乘法建模方法有了显著的提高,保证有效地解决某型MEMS惯性测量单元误差大的问题.     

基于神经网络的一类非线性系统自适应H∞控制

基于神经网络提出一种自适应Ｈ∞控制方法。控制器由等效控制器和Ｈ∞控制器两部分组成,用神经网络逼近未知非线性函数,Ｈ∞控制器用于减弱外部及神经网络逼近误差对跟踪误差的影响。所设计的控制器不仅保证了闭环控制系统的稳定性,而且使外部干扰及神经网络逼近误差对跟踪误差的影响减小到预定的性能指标。     

基于再生核神经网络的断层面模型重构

为了提高勘探精度及采油效率,需要更深入地了解地质构造,因此断层面模型的重构有着重要的意义,为此提出了基于再生核神经网络的断层面重构方法。再生核源于不同学科分支,目前已成为函数逼近的重要工具。将再生核与神经网络有机地结合起来,提出一种新型的神经网络———再生核神经网络,且将网络的训练归结为求解线性方程组问题,为了建立既具有足够精度又能表现系统行为的简单模型,考虑线性方程组的稀疏解是必要的,稀疏解就是具有大量零元素的近似解。虽然稀疏解整体误差较小,但可能在一些点上的误差较大,为此提出对稀疏解的误差修正方法。将再生核神经网络应用于大庆地区的断层面模型重构,实验结果表明,本文重构的断层面与传统方法重构的断层面相比,更符合大庆地区的地质情况。     

基于预报-校正法的城市用水量预测模型的研究

神经网络已成为提供预测与决策支持的有力工具,但传统的神经网络预测方法有一缺点就是对于峰值和谷值预测效果不佳,其预测值和实际值常有较大的误差.通过引入预报-校正法的思想,在传统的神经网络预测方法基础上另外构建一个独立的神经网络用于学习误差估计,加以对传统的神经网络预测值进行校正.实验结果表明,该方法能改进传统的神经网络预测的缺点,显著改善预测效果.此外,该方法在类似的基于神经网络的函数逼近等方面也有很好的改进效果.     

一类模糊神经网络的函数逼近能力

根据多元Fourier变换理论提出一种多元函数的积分变换方法.据此讨论一类模糊 神经网络作为函数逼近器时的逼近误差与其结构关系,得到模糊神经网络的逼近误差与其隐 含层的节点数成反比的结论.并论证了模糊神经网络的函数逼近精度与输入变量数无关.     

非参数不确定性非线性系统的自适应观测器设计

本文考虑一类不确定非线性系统的自适应观测器设计问题.系统的不确定性不能参数化,这类非线性系统的观测器无法用传统方法设计.首先用神经网络对系统的不确定性进行逼近,然后利用神经网络的基函数向量对系统进行滤波变换,再由此构造自适应观测器.给出了观测误差估计.本文结果表明适当选定神经网络的逼近精度和调整观测器的设计参数可使观测误差任意地小.     

挠性陀螺刻度系数标定算法

为减小刻度系数非线性误差,建立了陀螺刻度系数分段非线性插值标定方法.针对分段非线性插值方法的不足,建立刻度系数神经网络模型,用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法训练;并在此基础上对神经网络进行再训练以提高其精度.实验结果表明,分段非线性插值方法有效地减小了刻度系数非线性误差;用训练好的神经网络可以代替分段非线性插值算法,并可简化实现过程;对刻度系数神经网络再训练,可提高神经网络对实际刻度系数的逼近程度,减小刻度系数的非线性误差.     

改进的GPC在网络控制系统时延问题中的应用

针对网络控制系统的时延具有随机、时变的特性,常会出现控制效果不理想的问题提出了动态BP网络误差修正的广义预测控制.在BP神经网络中加入误差动态反馈环节,形成动态补偿的神经网络模型,通过动态BP网络建立误差的预测模型,采用误差预测值对传统广义预测控制的输出预测值进行修正.仿真结果表明,将算法应用到时延网络控制系统当中能取得较好的控制效果.     

基于联合迭代重建技术的超声CT重建算法

在研究超声CT成像原理的基础上,对阵列检测方法进行了探讨。通过对探头布置方式的改进,增加了成像所需的数据量。基于最小二乘方准则,利用联合迭代重建算法,采用四边扫描算法求解相关系数矩阵,通过不断修正误差逼近真实值,进而实现速度矩阵的求取。数值仿真表明：采用上述方法能够明显减小重建误差,改善层析成像效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。