超细氟化石墨的润滑性能研究

通过四球机考查了润滑添加剂超细氟化石墨在各种不同油中的钢－钢、钢－铜的摩擦学特性,并测试了它的理化性能和应用性能,应用ＡＥＳ能谱对试验件摩擦面进行元素深度剖析,并以其它抗磨极压添加剂（ＺＤＤＰ、Ｔ３０２和Ｔ３２１）作为对比。结果表明：超细氟化石墨具有优良的润滑性能,将可应用于各种环境中。     

环氧基氟化石墨耐磨涂料的研究

以环氧树脂为黏接剂,采用酰胺类固化剂,并以氟化石墨为润滑剂,SiC为耐磨填料,制备一种常温固化的耐磨涂料。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析氟化石墨的结构和性质,用光学显微镜(OM)观测润滑剂和填料在涂料中的分散情况,探索涂料中氟化石墨和SiC的含量与涂层力学性能、摩擦性能和热性能的关系。结果表明:氟化石墨层间距为0.71 nm,晶型结构不规则,表面能较低,其润滑性能优于石墨;通过一定的工艺SiC和氟化石墨均匀地分散在涂料中;含SiC和氟化石墨的涂膜具有较好的力学性能;当SiC和氟化石墨质量分数为20%和5%时,涂层耐磨性能较好;SiC和氟化石墨使涂膜的耐热性有所改善。     

氟化石墨烯作为聚脲润滑脂添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用Rtec MFT-5000多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究氟化石墨烯作为聚脲润滑脂添加剂的抗磨减摩性能,利用三维轮廓仪和X射线光电子能谱仪分析试验后钢盘磨斑表面形貌和主要元素的化学状态。结果表明：氟化石墨和氟化石墨烯对聚脲润滑脂的锥入度、钢网分油量和蒸发损失有显著影响,而对聚脲润滑脂的滴点影响较小;相同添加量下,氟化石墨烯较氟化石墨对聚脲润滑脂具有更好的抗磨减摩性能,当氟化石墨烯的质量分数为0.8%时,抗磨减摩效果最好;含氟化石墨烯聚脲润滑脂润滑条件下,钢盘表面生成的摩擦化学反应膜由复合碳氧化物、(C₁₀F₈)_n、Fe₂O₃、FeF₃、碳氮化物和(或)氮氧化物等组成,共同在钢球-钢盘的摩擦过程中起到抗磨减摩作用。     

超细化石墨在植物油中的摩擦学性能考察

通过四球机考查了超细氟化石墨在植物油（菜籽油、蓖麻油、大豆油）中的摩擦学特性，并与极压抗磨剂氯化石蜡（Ｔ３０２）、硫化异丁烯（Ｔ３２１）和ＺＤＴＰ（Ｔ２０２）相比较，结果表明：超细氟化石墨在植物油中具有优良的润滑性能，其摩擦性能明显优于Ｔ３２１和Ｔ３０２，其抗磨性比ＺＤＴＰ稍差，但含２％超细氟化石墨的矿油的抗磨性和承载能力相当或优于植物油。     

Cr——氟化石墨复合镀层在高温轴承中的应用研究

本文对热轧钢运输链上的轴承进行失效分析，找出了主要失效的原因。采用自润滑Ｃｒ－氟化石墨复合镀层代替轴承中的脂润滑。利用电沉积工艺制备了Ｃｒ－氟化石墨镀层，并在摩擦磨损试验机上对镀层进行摩擦系数和耐磨性的试验研究，认为润滑剂存在时，镀层中氟化石墨的含量不影响摩擦系数。在干摩擦时，镀层中氟化石墨的含量增加，摩擦系数随这降低。镀层的耐磨性主要取决于镀层的硬度。     

纳米石墨颗粒在矩形件拉深成形过程中的摩擦特性研究

以石墨颗粒作为固体润滑剂及液体润滑剂的添加剂,在不同的润滑状态下进行了板料拉深成形物理试验,运用探针测试技术实时测试了矩形件的不同变形部位在拉深成形过程中所产牛的摩擦冈数大小及分布状况,评估纳米石墨颗粒作为润滑添加剂在矩形件拉深成形中的实际摩擦特性及润滑效果.研究表明纳米石墨颗粒作为润滑添加剂对板料拉深成形性能的影响显著.     

石墨含量对铜基石墨自润滑复合材料摩擦过程中石墨润滑膜的影响

为研究石墨含量对铜基石墨自润滑复合材料摩擦过程中形成石墨润滑膜的影响,采用粉末冶金法制备了不同石墨含量的铜基石墨自润滑复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能,用自制环-块摩擦试验机测试评估了材料的耐磨性能,用光学显微镜实时原位观察了摩擦表面组织形貌的变化,用扫描电镜对磨痕进行观察和分析,通过能谱仪成分扫描分析接触面石墨润滑膜的覆盖率。结果表明:随着复合材料中石墨含量的增加,材料的力学性能逐渐降低,石墨润滑膜的覆盖率先升高后降低,磨损量先减小后增大;当石墨体积分数为14%时,石墨润滑膜的覆盖率最高,磨损量最小,耐磨性能最好。     

几种纳米添加剂在环境友好润滑剂中的摩擦化学特性

采用机械化学修饰法研制了三种纳米润滑添加剂,二硫化钼(MoS2)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和氟化石墨(CxFy),考察了这些纳米级润滑剂在环境友好润滑剂中的摩擦化学特性。结果发现：这些纳米添加剂在环境友好润滑剂中具有较好的抗磨性能和良好的减摩性能;减摩性能优于常用的极压抗磨剂,其机理是在摩擦副表面形成迁移膜,起“滚动微轴承”的作用。     

基于自由口协议的LabVIEW与PLC通讯设计

水润滑石墨推力轴承是影响屏蔽泵可靠寿命的关键部件,本文依据可靠性理论,导出了水润滑石墨推力轴承可靠寿命的数学模型,并通过屏蔽泵水润滑石墨推力轴承的寿命试验数据对模型中的参数进行了估算,此研究成果对水润滑轴承可靠寿命预测及设计计算具有普遍的指导意义。     

石墨含量对石墨固体润滑涂层摩擦学性能的影响

利用简便的刷涂法在钢基体表面制备了石墨固体润滑涂层。利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机对不同石墨含量的固体润滑涂层进行了详细的摩擦学性能对比试验。结果发现．石墨固体润滑涂层的摩擦学性能与石墨含量之间呈“马鞍形”变化规律，当石墨的质量分数为28％时，固体润滑涂层的减摩、耐磨性能最佳。     

纳米级氟化石墨作为润滑剂添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

探讨了纳米级氟化石墨的结构特征和润滑原理,使用四球摩擦试验机研究了纳米级氟化石墨的摩擦学性能。研究表明,纳米级氟化石墨对钢-钢摩擦副表现出良好的抗磨减摩性能,与未加添加剂的基础油相比,可使磨斑直径平均减少25%以上,摩擦因数降低35%左右;具有较好的承载能力,使用效果稍好于T321;与T301配伍后具有增效性,与其它添加剂配伍后具有明显的减摩作用。     

Mechanisms of graphite fluoride [(CFx)n] lubrication

Friction, wear and wear life results were compared with optical microscope observations as a function of sliding distance for graphite fluoride rubbed films applied to three surface finishes — polished, sanded and sandblasted. The lubricating process consisted of the plastic flow of thin films of graphite fluoride between flat areas on the rider and on the metallic substrate. If the substrate was rough, flat areas were created during run-in, and the [(CF_x)_n] flowed across them. Wear life was enhanced by restricting radial (or transverse) flow of the graphite fluoride from the contact region by increasing surface roughness. Valleys in the roughened substrate surface served as a reservoir for graphite fluoride and as a deposit site for wear debris. Failure resulted from the gradual depletion of graphite fluoride from the contact region with the subsequent formation of powdery metallic debris that covered both rider and disk surfaces.     

The tribo-chemistry of graphite fluoride studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

A preliminary investigation involving the application of X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) for the study of the degradation, under sliding conditions, of thin graphite fluoride films on steel has been carried out. The results described here show that the technique can provide invaluable information in establishing the mode of failure of the lubricating film.     

Solid lubricant materials for high temperatures—a review

Solid lubricants, which can be used above 300°C in air, are discussed; coatings and self-lubricating composite bearing materials are also covered. The lubricants considered are representative dichalcogenides, graphite, graphite fluoride, polyimides, soft oxides, oxidatively stable fluorides and hard coat materials. A few general design considerations relevant to solid lubrication are mentioned     

Geometrical Aspects of the Tribological Properties of Graphite Fiber Reinforced Polyimide Composites

A Latin-square statistical experimental test design was used to evaluate the effect of temperature, load, and sliding speed on the tribological properties of graphite fiber reinforced polyimide (GFRPI) composite specimens. Hemispherically tipped composite riders were slid against 440C HT stainless steel disks. Comparisons were made to previous studies in which hemispherically tipped 400C HT stainless steel riders were slid against GFRPI composite disks and to studies in which GFRPI was used as a liner in plain spherical bearings. The results indicate that sliding surface geometry is especially important, in that different geometrics can give completely different friction and wear results. Load, temperature, and sliding distance were found to influence the friction and wear results but sliding speed was found to have little effect. Experiments on GFRPI riders with 10 weight percent additions of graphite fluoride showed that this addition had no effect on friction and wear.     

The antiwear and extreme pressure action mechanism of CeF3 in grease

Cerium (III) fluoride as an antiwear or extreme pressure additive has been used in grease and bonded solid film lubricant, but its action mechanism has not been clarified. In this paper, the tribological characteristics of lithium grease containing CeF₃, CaF₂, SbF₃, CeO₂ and graphite fluoride ((CF)_n) were evaluated with an SRV tester. The results show that pastes containing CaF₂ and (CF)_n give good antiwear and anti-friction performance, but do not possess extreme pressure properties. Adding CeO₂ to grease offers no benefit to the antiwear and anti-friction performance of the paste. Paste containing SbF₃ has poor lubricating properties. XPS analysis shows that the good antiwear and extreme pressure properties of paste containing CeF₃ can be attributable to the formation of a physically adherent film and a chemical reaction film on the rubbing surface. Thermogravimetry shows that CeF₃ acts as an agent for the slow release of the fluorine element.     

The Effect of Film Thickness on Friction Coefficients for Solid Lubricants; CaF2, MoS2 and Graphite

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the effect of film thickness on the friction coefficient of solid powdered lubricants, applied as thin films on the mild steel specimens.

Curves representing the coefficient of friction for various film thicknesses, as well as the tabulated data are given. The results are discussed and compared to those theoretically conceivable using the relationship of Bowden and Tabor and that of Rabinowicz.

Solid films of graphite, molybdenum disulphide and calcium fluoride with a thickness range of 0.0002 to 0.0008 in. were used. It has been concluded that, for the solid lubricants tested, the coefficient of friction is dependent upon the film thickness. The Theory of Adhesion by Bowden and Tabor and the mathematical relationship by Rabinowicz do not adequately explain the variation in the coefficient of friction as the film thickness varies.     

铸铁中石墨形态和石墨结构的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜,通过深腐蚀和热腐蚀方法,研究了铸铁中各种典型石墨（片状石墨、蠕虫状石墨和球状石墨）的立体形貌和内部结构特征。对于片状石墨来说,A、C、D型均属同一种石墨形态,它们都是由分枝而又互相联系的石墨片组成,它们主要是沿着[1010]方向长大。对于球状石墨来说,用纯镁、纯钇、纯铈和工业球化剂均能得到球状石墨。热腐蚀结果表明,石墨球呈年轮状结构,它是由许多角锥体组成的多面体。这说明,石墨球的外表是（0001）面,石墨球的长大是由中心沿[0001]方向进行。蠕虫状石墨是介于片状和球状石墨之间的中间石墨形态。它的长大方式也介于片状和球状石墨之间。就石墨片的互相联系和彼此分枝情况来看,它与片状石墨相似,但就每个石墨片局部的长大方式来看,它又与球状石墨有某种程度的相似,即沿着[0001]方向长大较充分。