晚清教会学校的商务英语教学：利益导向下的世俗化与功利化选择

晚清教会学校的商务英语教学是在社会对英语人才需求日盛的背景下所做出的一种世俗化和功利化的选择。其课程设置发轫于以内容为基础的专业英语教学,逐渐增设基于商务语言技能和内容的商务英语课程,并随着教会学校的发展而不断拓展和深化,最后发展为近代化职业教育基础之上的商务英语教学。教学方法从语法翻译法一统天下逐渐向语法翻译法与古安系列法共存的格局转变,且均与其世俗化和功利化的教学理念和目标相适应。尽管存在诸如教学宗旨的宗教属性及跨文化商务交际教学缺失等不足,但其英语与商务知识相结合的课程设置造就了大批商务英语人才。其旨在培养既熟练驾驭英语语言又掌握商务专业知识的复合型英语人才的教育模式,对当今商务英语教学具有一定借鉴意义。     

奔向世界级企业的突破口以模块化为基础的大规模定制(MC)

在20世纪,“大规模生产”造就了一大批“工业发达国家”;在21世纪“大规模定制”（MC）成了企业竞争的新前沿.这是一场新的以模块化为基础的制造业革命.在企业竞争力的三大要素（技术、管理、研发模式）中,选择模块化的研发模式（MC）,可取得速度和成本上的优势,是奔向世界级企业的突破口.     

风机试验用计算机测试系统及分析软件的开发

本文叙述了一个用于风机试验的计算机测试系统及软件的内容、基本组成。给出了采用的软件设计方法及为达到测试精度而采取的手段 ,并通过本测试系统的测试结果与人工用高精度仪表测量所得结论的比较 ,证实了所开发的测试系统及软件的先进性、可靠性     

Leak rate metrology for the society and industry

Leak detection is a non-destructive test performed to verify materials and components in agreement with the prescribed specifications, by using techniques, which do not damage their characteristics or performances. The leak check of fluids dates back in time; it started to be applied at the end of the 19th century when the electron was discovered and early in 20th century when the first mass spectrometer was realized. Today, for environmental and personal safety more effective leak detection and location capabilities on various artifacts are necessary. Leak detection techniques are widely applied in many branches of industry. In the paper leak test requirements in general and the differences between the test methods are shortly reviewed. The choice of proper leak detection technique is related to the sensitivity and leak thresholds. Whatever method is chosen, a traceability chain must be guaranteed starting from the NMIs that have developed primary standards.     

Hyper redundant manipulator using compound three-bar linkages

A new mechanism for hyper redundant manipulator (HRM)is presented, which comprises of serially assembled compound three-bar linkages (CTL) The CTL mechanism has some unique properties This paper presents the forward and inverse kinematics of this mechanism and shows the simulation of the HRM havig 9 CTL units The recursive algorithm of the inverse kinematics that the author originally developed is employed It is fast and stable, moreover, it enables us to obtain a solution in which the end-point of the HRM is controlled by a portion of joints It also presents the method of the dynamical analysis There exist kinematical constraints in the proposed closed linkage mechanism. In the dynamic analysis constraints are sufficiently sustained by the constraint stabilization method that the author developed The mechanical structure of the HRM having some CTL units that is under construction is shown     

Recent development of vibration utilization engineering

The utilization of vibration and wave, which was developed during the latter half of the 20th century, is one of the most valueable technology applications and has been rapidly developing recently [1–10]. Because the technique is closely associated with industry and agriculture, it can create huge social and economical benefits and provide excellent services for society. Thus, due to its necessity in industry and daily life, extensive research has been devoted to vibration utillization engineering. In this paper, vibration utilization is classified into linear or nonlinear vibrations, waves, and electric-magnetic oscillations. Their phenomena, patterns, and applications in nature and society are introduced. Some research results about vibration utilization engineering are described.     

21世纪的机械制造业

详细介绍了21世纪制造业的生产模式、制造系统、生产组织和生产管理以及制造技术，给机械制造企业的决策者和机械制造科研人员提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Recent development of vibration utilization engineering

The utilization of vibration and wave, which was developed during the latter half of the 20th century, is one of the most valueable technology applications and has been rapidly developing recently 1&8211;10. Because the technique is closely associated with industry and agriculture, it can create huge social and economical benefits and provide excellent services for society. Thus, due to its necessity in industry and daily life, extensive research has been devoted to vibration utillization engineering. In this paper, vibration utilization is classified into linear or non-linear vibrations, waves, and electric-magnetic oscillations. Their phenomena, patterns, and applications in nature and society are introduced. Some research results about vibration utilization engineering are described.     

A portable wireless biometric multi-channel system

This article presents an 8-channel system for capturing bioelectric signals and transmitting them by the ZigBee protocol. It is a small, portable system with optimised power supply so that it can be battery fed. One of its main advantages is its versatility, since it enables each channel to be configured, in a dynamic and individualised way. This makes it possible to capture diverse bioelectric signals simultaneously, such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), etc. The developed system can be easily integrated into a Wireless Sensor Network based on ZigBee technology.     

应用需求驱动的多层作业成本模型设计制造业成本管理系统

首先介绍了作业成本法的基本概念和应用情况 ,随后描述和分析了需求驱动的多层次作业成本模型 ,并探讨了以作业成本法为基础对企业制造成本进行优化的方法 ,同时详细介绍了基于此模型设计和开发的某铸造厂作业成本管理系统的具体功能和系统架构     

Estimating random uncertainty of depth-averaged velocities measured by moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profilers

This paper presents a mathematical model for estimating the standard uncertainty of depth-averaged velocities measured by moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profilers. A general form of the presented uncertainty model was developed based on the law of propagation of variances and dimensional analysis. It was then calibrated using 30 datasets of stationary ADCP measurements, in which standard uncertainties were available from statistical analysis of the data. Because the model utilizes velocity data collected at a site, it accounts for all random error sources including ADCP system noise and ambient turbulence encountered at the site; it also accounts for the cross-correlation of ADCP depth cells in velocity measurements. The presented uncertainty model can be used in field surveys or data post-processing. It provides a useful tool for assessing the quality of ADCP measured depth-averaged velocities. A moving-boat ADCP measurement on the Mississippi River is presented as an application example. This paper also explores some insights on ADCP velocity profile and time series data.     

我国近现代师范毕业生服务期制度初探——以中等师范为例

以中等师范毕业生服务期制度为例，探析了20世纪前半叶以来中国师范毕业生服务期制度的产生与发展历程，并考察了其在不同时期的政策实施情况，从中发现：从弹性较大的清末服务期制度到刚性较大的民国师范生服务期制度，服务期制度呈现日趋完善、细化和严格的趋势，有着浓重的人治色彩；服务期制度执行主体的多元化、师范生服务岗位安置以及教师的低待遇等问题均制约了师范生服务期制度的执行和贯彻。     

CNC系统开发与应用

介绍一种基于单片机控制的CNC系统,阐述了系统的硬件组成、软件设计和工作原理.该系统已成功应用于数控车床、数控铣床等机床控制中,其投资成本小,性价比高,完全满足企业生产的各项技术要求,特别适合中小企业及个体企业投资需要.     

高等教育发展趋势座谈录

20世纪是高等教育数量猛增的世纪,21世纪是高等教育质量逐步提高的世纪。生产力的发展、人们生活水平的提高以及高等教育机会均等理论、人力资本理论的运用对高等教育迅猛发展起了推动作用。伴随着高等教育的迅猛发展,高等教育质量成为大家关注的焦点。如何围绕提高质量来推进高等教育的改革和发展,首先要解决的是高等教育质量的价值取向问题。高等教育质量的提升,必须通过优化师资、增加经费、更新仪器设备、改善校园校舍等途径来解决教育资源不足的问题。     

A Review of Microstructural Alterations around Nonmetallic Inclusions in Bearing Steel during Rolling Contact Fatigue

Microstructural alterations in bearing steels during rolling contact cycling have been reported in the literature for more than 60 years. These changes appear in different shapes and locations. One class of such alterations is “butterfly wings”: regions of microstructurally transitioned material that appear diagonally around nonmetallic inclusions and may serve as fatigue crack initiation sites. Over the course of the past half a century numerous experimental and multiple analytical efforts have been made to understand and model this phenomenon, yet a lot is to be discovered and understood about root causes and mechanisms leading to butterfly formation. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the crack nucleation phenomena due to butterfly formation, its characteristics, and its negative impact on bearing service life. Significant attempts that have been made to solve the problem over the past half a century are mentioned, with a focus on recent work. Unanswered dilemmas are particularly discussed to highlight avenues of future research.     

A knowledge-based approach for the task implementation in mechanical product design

Although advances have been made to integrate the CAD system with design knowledge, there are still some barriers to apply the knowledge-based design approach to wide practice. A task implementation method is proposed for the mechanical product design process. The design task implementation model is constructed based on its organized-mode and modularity. Declarative knowledge primitives make up of the kernel composition of design task. It makes the design task more controllable and automatable. Solution of the knowledge primitives is directly used to drive the mechanical product. The proposed module has been developed for Intesolid2.0 system, a mechanical CAD system, and it has been evaluated with a design example of a two-stage gearbox.     

The Magnus Effect—Early investigations and a question of priority

In terms of the flight of spherical projectiles it is shown that the Magnus Effect was well known and to a degree its causative elements well understood at least a century before Magnus published his work on the Effect which now bears his name. Principally, much early understanding of this Effect was achieved by Benjamin Robins; he fired spherical solid shot which penetrated successive parallel screens and he made correct observations about the deviation undergone by shot after being fired from deliberately bent gun barrels. Magnus employed a stationary spinning cylinder carrying vanes in a moving air stream to demonstrate pressure change and another system to the same end which actuated a kind of torsion balance. Many workers have contributed to this subject, interest in which derived from a need to understand the deviations of spherical shot fired from smooth bore gun pieces.     

磁感应式高压共轨转速传感器研制

对磁电式转速传感器结构及工作原理进行了阐述，并在此基础上针对高压共轨柴油机开发了磁电式转速传感器，同时与国外样品进行了性能对比试验，最后应用到自主开发的电控共轨系统试验。试验结果表明研制的磁电式转速传感器性能良好，可替代进口样品安装电控柴油机，且可应用于工业控制其它领域。     

Proceeding of human exoskeleton technology and discussions on future research

After more than half a century of intense efforts, the development of exoskeleton has seen major advances, and several remarkable achievements have been made. Reviews of developing history of exoskeleton are presented, both in active and passive categories. Major models are introduced, and typical technologies are commented on. Difficulties in control algorithm, driver system, power source, and man-machine interface are discussed. Current researching routes and major developing methods are mapped and critically analyzed, and in the process, some key problems are revealed. First, the exoskeleton is totally different from biped robot, and relative studies based on the robot technologies are considerably incorrect. Second, biomechanical studies are only used to track the motion of the human body, the interaction between human and machines are seldom studied. Third, the traditional developing ways which focused on servo-controlling have inborn deficiency from making portable systems. Research attention should be shifted to the human side of the coupling system, and the human ability to learn and adapt should play a more significant role in the control algorithms Having summarized the major difficulties, possible future works are discussed. It is argued that, since a distinct boundary cannot be drawn in such strong-coupling human-exoskeleton system, the more complex the control system gets, the more difficult it is for the user to learn to use. It is suggested that the exoskeleton should be treated as a simple wearable tool, and downgrading its automatic level may be a change toward a brighter research outlook. This effort at simplification is definitely not easy, as it necessitates theoretical supports from fields such as biomechanics, ergonomics, and bionics.     

基于独立分量分析的脑电信号消噪

脑电信号中往往含有各种形式的噪声干扰信号。这些干扰成分包括眼电、心电伪迹以及工频干扰等。由于干扰信号和脑电信号在频域上相互重叠,因此用时域或频域滤波的方法难以有效地消除脑电信号中的干扰成分。独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)是20世纪90年代发展起来的一种新的盲源分离方法(Blind Source Separation,BSS),将ICA方法应用于实测脑电信号的处理,获得非常理想的消噪效果。