纳米腐殖酸动态吸附废水中镉离子及其洗脱特性

在静态法研究纳米腐殖酸吸附模拟含镉废水基础上搭建考察模拟含镉废水中镉离子在吸附剂上动态吸附及洗脱特性的吸附柱实验装置,考察镉离子溶液浓度、吸附(脱附)温度、共存离子和进料流速对穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量的影响,运用Thomas模型研究了纳米腐殖酸柱吸附过程动力学机理,测定了再生后纳米腐殖酸的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量,结果表明:初始镉离子浓度150 mg·L^-1和流速10 ml·min^-1下,其饱和吸附量分别为426.3 mg·g^-1和405.5 mg·g^-1;Thomas模型所得饱和吸附量q_em分别为364.1、436.1和441.9 mg·g^-1;洗脱峰镉离子浓度分别为3.3、12.0和22.0 g·L^-1;共存离子SO₄^2-浓度增加,纳米腐殖酸对镉离子的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量降低;吸附和脱附均可常温工况进行。经30次吸附和再生后,穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量无明显降低。用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)对纳米腐殖酸吸附再生前、后性能进行表征,结果表明:纳米腐殖酸物化性能稳定,形貌基本无变化,尺度发生一定程度减小,表面及内部的氨基、羟基等对吸附镉离子均发挥有效作用,该材料可满足重复使用。     

喷雾干燥法制备氧化镁材料及其吸附性能

采用喷雾干燥结合热处理法制备花瓣状的MgO,通过对热处理温度的调整,实现MgO表面形貌的调控。研究了所制备MgO粉末作为吸附剂对刚果红的吸附性能,当热处理温度为400℃,得到花瓣状的MgO纳米结构,比表面积达到140.5 m²·g^-1,且对刚果红溶液的饱和吸附量约为1480 mg·g^-1。它们对刚果红的吸附能力比报道的其他花瓣状结构的金属氧化物要高。此外,对其吸附模型、吸附动力学以及吸附机制进行探究,表明吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,所制备样品对刚果红溶液的吸附过程可以由准二级动力学来描述。所制备的花瓣状MgO其高效的吸附性能,使其成为非常有前景的吸附剂用于去除污水中的刚果红染料。     

月桂酸改性生物质材料处理乳化油的机理

油污染对环境、生物和经济产生了不利的影响。目前,诸多研究均希望得到一种有效、简单且价廉的除油方法。为了提高对含乳化油废水的处理效果,以玉米芯和花生壳为原料,采用月桂酸对其进行改性,并且利用扫描电镜、比表面积测试和红外光谱等测试手段研究生物质材料的改性和处理含乳化油废水的机理。研究发现,月桂酸改性是利用月桂酸上含有的羧基和生物质材料的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素上含有的羟基发生的酯化反应,形成的酯基链接月桂酸本身的烷基链,增强了亲油疏水性,同时也有造孔的作用即进一步增大微孔和提高孔隙率,由于改性材料是通过亲油性烷基链和微孔吸附油粒子,因此这两者的共同作用提高了材料的吸油能力。利用石油醚萃取水中油分,采用紫外分光光度法测定水中的油浓度。这种方法能够更加直接地看出含乳化油废水的处理程度,也更加贴近实际工程概况。研究表明,原始玉米芯和花生壳对含乳化油废水的油吸附容量分别是6.86 mg·g^-1和5.21 mg·g^-1,经月桂酸改性后,其吸附容量有了较大提高,分别达到了10.79 mg·g^-1和7.44 mg·g^-1。因此,当处理含乳化油废水时,利用月桂酸改性玉米芯和花生壳不仅能高效率除油,而且基于以废治废,是一项相当环保的措施     

巯基修饰Cu-MOFs材料的制备及其汞吸附性能

为高效对废水中的Hg²⁺进行吸附，采用电化学法合成Cu-BDC金属有机骨架材料，并进行-SH修饰，制备SH-Cu-BDC材料，用于对含Hg²⁺废水的吸附研究。通过EDS与IR红外对修饰前后样品的表征分析可知，-SH基团成功修饰到Cu-BDC材料上；N₂吸附实验表明，修饰后的SH-Cu-BDC材料出现微孔结构且比表面积增大；SEM分析表明，电化学合成Cu-BDC材料具有独特花状结构，修饰后SH-Cu-BDC材料表面均匀分布着触角状物质；10 mg SH-Cu-BDC对20 ml浓度为300 mg·L^-1的Hg²⁺溶液进行吸附，当pH=5，60 min时吸附饱和，最大吸附量为585 mg·g^-1；SH-Cu-BDC材料对Hg²⁺的吸附符合拟二级反应动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温模型，该吸附过程是以表面吸附为主的扩散过程，且符合单分子层吸附规律；吸附再生实验表明，SH-Cu-BDC作为吸附剂可重复使用，且具有一定的稳定性。     

氧化程度对氧化石墨烯吸附亚甲基蓝性能的影响

基于改进Hummers法,调控氧化剂KMnO₄用量制备了不同含氧官能团含量的氧化石墨烯（GOs）。采用XRD、XPS、AFM和FTIR分析了KMnO₄用量对GOs的结构特征、含氧官能团类型及含量的影响,研究了氧化程度对GOs吸附亚甲基蓝（MB）性能的影响。结果表明：KMnO₄用量对GOs-n（n=2,3,4（的含氧官能团类型和含量有显著影响;MB最大饱和吸附量依次为728.44、965.63和807.29 mg·g^-1,与Langmuir模型单分子层饱和吸附量的标准差为3.6%、3.7%和4.2%,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,R²> 0.99。以GOs结构层上去质子化的羟基（-C-O^-）和羧基（-COO^-）为主要活性位点与MB发生化学控速的单分子层放热吸附,吸附热在20~27 kJ·mol^-1之间;低氧化程度的GOs以离子交换吸附为主导,吸附性能与GOs结构中-C-O（H（和-COO（H（的总量呈正相关。随氧化程度加深,GOs结构中环氧基（C-O-C）和羰基（C═O）以氢键作用吸附MB对吸附量的影响凸显。     

A high-performance biochar produced from bamboo pyrolysis with in-situ nitrogen doping and activation for adsorption of phenol and methylene blue

Nitrogen doping is a promising method for the preparation of functional carbon materials. In this study, a nitrogen-doped porous coral biochar was prepared by using bamboo as raw material, urea as nitrogen source, and KHCO³ as green activator through in-situ pyrolysis. The structure of the obtained biochar was characterized by various techniques including nitrogen adsorption and desorption, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and etc. The adsorption properties of nitrogen-doped biochar were evaluated with phenol and methylene blue probes. The results showed that the nitrogen source ratio had a significant effect on the evolution of pore structure of biochar. Low urea addition ratio was beneficial to the development of pore structures. The optimum specific surface area of nitrogen-doped biochar could be up to 1693 m²·g^-1. Nitrogen doping can effectively improve the adsorption capacity of biochar to phenol and methylene blue. Biochar prepared at 973.15 K with low urea addition ratio exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for phenol and methylene blue, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 169.0 mg·g^-1 and 499.3 mg·g^-1, respectively. By comparing the adsorption capacity of various adsorbents in related fields, it is proved that the nitrogen-doped biochar prepared in this study has a good adsorption effect.     

石英砂滤料表面干法改性制备疏水性除油滤料

采用钛酸酯偶联剂DN101对石英砂滤料进行表面干法改性,增强滤料的亲油疏水性。通过单因素实验研究改性时间、DN101浓度以及改性温度对改性效果的影响,并以亲油亲水比LHR作为评判改性效果的标准。结果表明,反应时间为70 min、DN101用量为1.2%、反应温度为60℃时,DN101干法改性石英砂效果最好,LHR值由未改性时的1.25提高到最大值11.1;改性石英砂对15.61 mg·L^-1含油废水的吸附容量由未改性时的0.17 mg·g^-1增大到0.25 mg·g^-1;对17.3 mg·L^-1含油废水的过滤去除率由未改性时的72.6%提高到97.8%。扫描电镜、电子能谱和红外光谱分析结果表明,DN101以化学键的方式与石英砂表面官能团结合,对石英砂形成了均匀稳定的包覆层。     

Pressure relief-dipping-microwave assisted polymerization of melamine-l-aspartic acid resin at activated carbon for purification of l-threonine fermented crude product

L-threonine (L-Thr) obtained by fermentation often contains vestigial hydrosoluble Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) etc., which affect the product quality. Poly melamine and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) resin functional coconut shell activated carbon composite (PMA/AC) was prepared by a pressure relief-dipping-microwave assisted polymerization method for the simultaneous removals. The adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu could reach to 82.34 mg·g^-1, 57.82 mg·g^-1 and 102.58 mg·g^-1 at conditions of pH 5.0, 45℃ and 4 h with an initial concentration of 0.01 mol·L^-1, respectively. The present PMA/AC was successfully used to the simultaneous removals of vestigial Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu from the fermented crude product solution of L-Thr. Moreover, the PMA/AC was carefully characterized by FE-SEM, IR et al. analysis techniques, the results show that abundant PMA particles evenly distributed at the inner and outside surface of AC with a size of (50±20) nm.     

磁性粉煤灰空心微珠表面印迹聚合物选择性识别头孢氨苄

利用共沉淀法制备了粉煤灰空心微珠磁性复合材料（MFACs）,以乙烯基改性的MFACs为基质材料,利用乳液聚合法制备磁性粉煤灰空心微珠表面印迹聚合物（MMIPs）。通过SEM、FT-IR、TGA、XRD和VSM等方法对其物理化学性质进行表征,其比表面积123.65 m²·g^-1,且具有较好的热稳定性、超顺磁性（M_s=12.155 emu·g^-1）。通过系列吸附实验研究表明,Langmuir等温模型能较好地拟合MMIPs对头孢氨苄（cefalexin,CFX）的吸附平衡数据,25℃时MMIPs的单分子层吸附容量为69.55 mg·g^-1。准二级动力学模型能较好地描述MMIPs对CFX吸附动力学行为,选择性实验研究表明,MMIPs对CFX具有较好地选择识别性。结合高效液相色谱分析技术,MMIPs已成功应用于环境样品中痕量CFX的分离/富集。     

Static and dynamic adsorption of fluoride using La(Ⅲ)-loaded chitosan beads crosslinked with EGDE

利用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)替代戊二醛对壳聚糖微球进行交联,然后负载稀土镧离子La(Ⅲ),制备得到新型的除氟剂（CEB-La）。研究了CEB-La对F^-的静态和动态吸附性能。静态吸附实验结果表明：该除氟剂的静态吸附条件为pH7.0、温度50℃、吸附时间60 min、振荡频率120 r·min^-1;当CEB-La用量3 g·L^-1时,对浓度10 mg·L^-1含氟水的除氟率可达92.9%;CEB-La对F^-的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线,饱和吸附容量为25.7 mg·g^-1;拟二级动力学方程能较好地描述CEB-La对F^-的吸附动力学过程;CEB-La吸附饱和后,经NaOH溶液处理后再与镧离子螯合,可有效再生;共存阴离子特别是CO ^{2 -}₃ 和HCO^-₃对CEB-La的除氟性能有不利影响。动态吸附实验结果表明：进水流量3 ml·min^-1时,CEB-La适于处理F^-浓度2～15 mg·L^-1的含氟水;利用Thomas模型可较好地描述CEB-La对F^-的动态吸附特征,动态饱和吸附容量为3.67 mg·g^-1。因此,CEB-La的除氟性能优越,再生方法简单,使用成本较低,具有较好的应用前景。     

赤泥/煤基铁炭材料的制备及其脱除废水Cr(Ⅵ)的性能

以脱钠赤泥、粉状褐煤为原料,羧甲基纤维素钠为黏结剂,采用碳热还原法制备了可替代商业铁炭微电解填料的廉价铁炭材料,用于去除废水中的Cr（Ⅵ）。考察了不同的制备参数（炭化温度、炭化时间、赤泥/煤质量比）和吸附条件（溶液pH、浓度）,以提升Cr（Ⅵ）去除效果。结果表明质量比（赤泥/煤）为1/3、800℃炭化1h的赤泥/煤基铁炭材料,可达到最大Cr（Ⅵ）吸附量（4.03 mg·g^-1）、最低铁溶出量（< 0.19 mg·g^-1）和最大比吸附量（12.97 mg·g^-1,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型算出）。赤泥/煤基铁炭材料对Cr （Ⅵ）的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,其吸附动力学可用准一级或准二级动力学方程来描述。多种表征（XRD、XRF、BET和SEM等）结果进一步表明赤泥/煤基铁炭材料比商业铁炭填料具有更高的铁还原度、更大的比表面积和孔容以及更好的颗粒分散度,使其具有更好的Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果。     

多级孔硅铝酸盐的结构特性及其除湿性能

采用水热法制备出具有深度除湿功能（RH<20%）、高饱和吸附量和中低温快速脱附性能（<100℃）的除湿轮用多级孔硅铝酸盐吸附剂。采用N₂-吸附脱附、XRD、透射电镜、FT-IR和NMR等技术表征吸附剂的微观结构;采用动态水汽吸附分析仪（DVS）测试其吸附-脱附性能。结果发现,通过控制制备前体的微晶温度,可调控吸附剂在中低湿度工况下的除湿性能：微晶温度是通过影响吸附剂微观结构中有序介孔和类微孔结构的比例,来影响吸附剂的深度除湿功能;升高微晶温度会提高吸附剂中类微孔和骨架Al比例从而强化其深度除湿能力,但会显著降低介孔有序度及总孔容,削弱其饱和吸附量及脱附性能;过高的类微孔和骨架Al比例会提高吸附剂的脱附再生温度,增大除湿能耗。     

木质素的化学改性及其对AuCl4-的吸附

以稻草为原料,经预处理、酚化、交联、氯化、胺化、季铵化制备了一种新型的化学改性木质素并对其进行了FTIR,SEM,TG-DSC分析,考察了AuCl₄^-初始浓度、吸附时间、盐酸浓度对化学改性木质素吸附AuCl₄^-效果的影响,探讨了吸附过程的机理。结果表明,制备的化学改性木质素表面致密且在217℃以下具有良好的热稳定性和含有大量酚羟基及胺基。当AuCl₄^-初始浓度为8.0 mmol·L^-1时吸附容量达到最大,为784.50 mg·g^-1,在AuCl₄^-初始浓度为1.0 mmol·L^-1时吸附达到平衡的时间为600 min,当盐酸浓度为0.5 mol·L^-1和AuCl₄^-初始浓度为1.0 mmol·L^-1时吸附率为98%。吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型,吸附等温模型与Langmuir拟合较好。AuCl₄^-被化学改性木质素中的酚羟基以金单质的形态还原出来。     

Enhanced adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by carbonized trace ZIF-8-decorated activated carbon pellets

Trace zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)-decorated activated carbon(AC) pellets were synthesized by a facile wet impregnation technique. After pyrolysis of the above composite material, the obtained carbon had a large surface area and pore volume, with traces of Zn on its surface. Subsequently, the capacity of the ZIF8/AC samples to adsorb and remove phenol from aqueous media was evaluated in both batch and column experimental setups. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 155.24 mg·g~(-1), which was 2.3 times greater than that of the pure AC(46.24 mg·g~(-1)). In addition, adsorption kinetics were examined by pseudofirst and pseudosecond order models, and adsorption isotherms were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The adsorbent could be easily filtered from the solution and washed with methanol and water, while maintaining an efficiency N 90% after 4 cycles. The above results make it a potentially reusable candidate for water purification.     

From pollutant to solution of wastewater pollution: Synthesis of activated carbon from textile sludge for dye adsorption

Adsorption is an important process in wastewater treatment,and conversion of waste materials to adsorbent offers a solution to high material cost related to the use of commercial activated carbon.This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Reactive Black 5(RB5)and methylene blue(MB)onto activated carbon produced from textile sludge(TSAC).The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation of precursor followed with carbonization at 650°C under nitrogen flow.Effects of time(0–200 min),pH(2–10),temperature(25–60°C),initial dye concentration(0–200 mg·L~(-1)),and adsorbent dosage(0.01–0.15 g)on dye removal efficiency were investigated.Preliminary screening revealed that TSAC synthesized via H_2SO_4activation showed higher adsorption behaviour than TSAC activated by KCl and ZnCl_2.The adsorption capacity of TSAC was found to be 11.98 mg·g~(-1)(RB5)and 13.27 mg·g~(-1)(MB),and is dependent on adsorption time and initial dye concentration.The adsorption data for both dyes were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model which explains the heterogeneous nature of TSAC surface.The dye adsorption obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model,thus chemisorption was the controlling step.This study reveals potential of textile sludge in removal of dyes from aqueous solution,and further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of waste water containing toxic dyes from textile industry.     

容量法测量5 A分子筛静态吸附CH4、CO和CO2的研究

采用容量法分别测量CH₄、CO和CO₂在5A分子筛上的等温吸附曲线,探究吸附温度和吸附压力对CH₄、CO和CO₂吸附量的影响。实验结果表明,吸附量随着吸附压力的上升逐渐增大。设定吸附温度在30 ℃、50 ℃和70 ℃时,5A分子筛在30 ℃时对CH₄吸附量最大,为13.60 cm³·g^-1;对CO和CO₂吸附量均在50 ℃时呈现最大值,分别为17.68 cm³·g^-1 和94.38 cm³·g^-1。而吸附温度70 ℃时,对3种气体的吸附量均减小。     

CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土对苯酚的吸附

为了研究膨润土对含酚废水的吸附性能,采用羟基铁柱撑剂对钠基膨润土进行预改性,随后用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性,制备CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对改性膨润土的结构和性能进行表征。考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度、苯酚初始浓度和pH值对吸附性能的影响,研究了吸附热力学和吸附动力学规律。结果表明,CTAB进入铁柱撑膨润土的层间和表面。当吸附剂用量为3 g·L^-1、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25 ℃、苯酚初始浓度为300 mg·L^-1、苯酚初始pH值为7时,改性膨润土吸附量达到29.7 mg·g^-1,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich热力学模型。     

聚间苯二胺/碳纳米管复合材料制备及其电容法脱盐研究

采用原位氧化聚合方法制备聚间苯二胺（PmPD）和碳纳米管（CNT）复合电极材料（PmPD@CNT）,考察了PmPD的添加对复合材料亲水性、电化学性能的影响,研究了以PmPD@CNT为电极的电容法脱盐（Capacitive Deionization,CDI）性能。扫描电镜和透射电镜分析表明PmPD的球形形貌保留在复合材料中且均匀包裹在CNT外表面。接触角测试证明,与CNT （107°）相比,PmPD@CNT的接触角（61°）显著降低,亲水性明显提高。X射线衍射和拉曼光谱图的测试结果证明PmPD@CNT相比CNT有更多的缺陷点位,有利于提高离子吸附能力。电化学测试证明,PmPD@CNT （72.5 F·g^-1,0.071 Ω）比CNT （27.4 F·g^-1,0.089 Ω）具有更高的比电容和较低的电阻。将PmPD@CNT制备成固体电极用于CDI组件进行饱和脱盐测试,结果表明以500 mg·L^-1的NaCl溶液为原料液及1.4 V操作电压条件下,该复合电极的盐吸附量为16.64 mg,对应的比吸附量为35.40 mg·g^-1,平均吸附速率为10.11 mg·g^-1·min^-1,PmPD@CNT的比吸附量和平均吸附速率分别是CNT的2.4和1.4倍。PmPD@CNT因其良好的亲水性,优异的电化学性能和脱盐性能,有望成为有竞争力的CDI电极材料。     

Adsorptive potential of Acacia nilotica based adsorbent for chromium(VI) from an aqueous phase

The objective of this research was to enhance adsorption capacity of Acacia nilotica (keekar) sawdust for the abatement of chromium bearing wastewater and to investigate the effect of process parameters on adsorption capacity. The sawdust was activated by acid wash and functionalized subsequently with formaldehyde. Functionalization of activated sawdust raised its chromium removal efficiency of almost 10% as compared to its adsorption removal efficiency of HCl treated sawdust in a batch adsorption study. Adsorption kinetic data provided better fitting with pseudo second order model. Maximum adsorption capacity calculated through the best fitting Langmuir model was 6.34 mg·g^-1 and 8.2 mg·g^-1 for HCl treated and formaldehyde functionalized sawdust adsorbents, respectively. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was endothermic when studied by varying temperature from 20℃ to 50℃ for both activated and functionalized adsorbents.     

Green synthesis of nickel nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum and their application in dye and pollutant adsorption

Nickel nanoparticles as an eco-friendly adsorbent was biosynthesized using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. The phys-iochemical properties of green synthesized nickel nanoparticles (NiGs) were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). NiGs were used as adsorbent for the removal of dyes such as crystal violet (CV), eosin Y (EY), orange I (OR) and anionic pol utant nitrate (NO3?), sulfate (SO42?) from aqueous solution. Adsorption capacity of NiGs was examined in batch modes at different pH, contact time, NiG dosage, initial dye and pol utant concentration. The adsorption process was pH dependent and the adsorption capacity increased with increase in contact time and with that of NiG dosage, whereas the adsorption capacity decreased at higher con-centrations of dyes and pol utants. Maximum percentage removal of dyes and pol utants were observed at 40, 20, 30, 10 and 10 mg·L?1 initial concentration of CV, EY, OR, NO3?and SO42?respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities in Langmuir isotherm were found to be 0.454, 0.615, 0.273, 0.795 and 0.645 mg·g?1 at pH 8, 3, 3, 7 and 7 for CV, EY, OR, NO3?and SO42?respectively. The higher coefficients of correlation in Langmuir isotherm sug-gested monolayer adsorption. The mean energies (E), 2.23, 3.53, 2.50, 5.00 and 3.16 kJ·mol?1 for CV, EY, OR, NO3?and SO42?respectively, calculated from the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm showed physical adsorption of adsor-bate onto NiGs. Adsorption kinetics data was better fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics with R2 N 0.870 for al dyes and pol utants. NiGs were found to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of dyes and pol utants from aque-ous solution and can be applied to treat textile and tannery effluents.