反相微乳液聚合荧光高分子F-PAM

通过Span80-Tween80/异辛烷/FM(4-甲氧基-N-（2-N′,N′-二甲基氨基乙基）萘二甲酰亚胺烯丙基氯化铵）-AM（丙烯酰胺）-H₂O反相微乳液聚合,制备了AM和FM的荧光高分子聚合物（F-PAM）.采用透射电镜（TEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、激光纳米粒度仪、荧光分光光度计等测试手段,测定了荧光高分子聚合物（F-PAM）的粒子形态、粒径和粒径分布等微观结构及其荧光性能.试验结果表明：所制备的F-PAM为单分散、球形的纳米材料,平均粒径（D）在60～145 nm之间;F-PAM的激发波长和发射波长分别为381 nm和462 nm.F-PAM激发光谱与发射光谱呈较好的镜像对称关系;F-PAM的相对荧光强度随着其质量浓度的增加而增加,且F-PAM的浓度与其荧光强度呈很好的线性关系,其线性相关系数（R）为0.9953,F-PAM的检测下限为1.83 mg·L^-1.     

碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的粘接性能

利用超声分散、酸处理以及表面活性剂分散的方法将碳纳米管分散到蓖麻油中,制备了蓖麻油型聚氨酯/碳纳米管(PUR/CNTs)复合材料,观察了该复合材料的微观结构,探讨了CNTs用量、酸处理时间以及表面活性剂的用量对复合材料粘接性能的影响。结果表明,随着蓖麻油中CNTs用量的增加,该复合材料的粘接强度不断提高,当增加到2%时,粘接强度提高84.4%;硝酸处理3 h的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度最大,比未酸处理的复合材料增加15%;表面活性剂分散的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度能得到进一步的提高。     

聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的研究进展

聚丙烯（PP）作为通用型热塑性塑料,具有物理性能优异、成型加工简单、密度小以及原料来源丰富等优点,广泛应用于电器、汽车和包装等行业。但是PP具有韧性差、低温脆性突出、抗冲击性能不佳、介电常数低、制品尺寸稳定性差等诸多缺点。碳纳米管（CNT）不仅具有独特的管状结构,还具有优异的力学、导电、导热以及耐磨等性能。将CNT和PP进行复合并制备出具有导电、导热、耐磨等高性能复合材料具有广阔的应用前景。因此,本文重点综述PP和CNT复合材料的新进展,主要包括结晶行为、力学性能、电学性能、摩擦性能、导热性能以及其他性能。针对现阶段PP/CNT复合材料研究和开发过程中存在的问题提出意见和建议,并对PP/CNT复合材料的未来发展做出展望。     

Characterization and preparation of new multiwall carbon nanotube/conducting polymer composites by in situ polymerization

Composites based on poly(diphenyl amine) (PDPA) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization through two different approaches: in situ polymerization and intimate mixing. In in situ polymerization, DPA was polymerized in the presence of dispersed MWNTs in sulfuric acid medium for different molar composition ratios of MWNT and DPA. Intimate mixing of synthesized PDPA with MWNT was also used for the preparation of PDPA/MWNT composites. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the diameter of the tubular structure for the composite was 10–20 nm higher than the diameter of pure MWNT. Scanning electron microscopy provided evidence for the differences in the morphology between the MWNTs and the composites. Raman and Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the composites and reveal the differences in the molecular level interactions between the components in the composites. The Raman and FTIR spectral results revealed doping‐type molecular interactions and coordinate covalent‐type interactions between MWNT and PDPA in the composite prepared by in situ polymerization and intimate mixing, respectively. The backbone structure of PDPA in the composite decomposed at a higher temperature (>340°C) than the pristine PDPA (～300°C). This behavior also favored the molecular level interactions between MWNT and PDPA in the composite. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3721–3729, 2006     

微乳液聚合研究进展

概述了微乳液的性质,并对国内外正相微乳液聚合、反相微乳液聚合、双连续微乳液聚合的研究进行了简要综述。     

Fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polymer shells through surface RAFT polymerization

A core–shell hybrid nanostructure, possessing a hard backbone of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and a soft shell of brush‐like poly(methyl methacrylate), has been successfully prepared via a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process using a RAFT agent immobilized on MWNTs. Polymer‐modified MWNTs are easily dispersed in good solvents for the grafted polymer, such as toluene, tetrahydrofuran and CHCl₃. This observation has been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The content of polymer in the functionalized MWNTs can be well controlled by the feed ratio. It is believed that realizing these hybrid structures, on the basis of such simple grafting, will pave the way for the design, fabrication, optimization and eventual application of more functional carbon nanotube‐related nanomaterials. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

碳纳米管/橡胶复合材料的研究进展及热物性研究展望

碳纳米管／聚合物填充复合材料已成为材料领域研究的热点,综述了碳纳米管／橡胶复合材料的制备方法及机械性能,由于对碳纳米管／橡胶复合材料的导热性能研究很少,因此重点指出了碳纳米管／橡胶复合材料热物性研究的方向。     

PVC/碳纳米管复合材料的制备

采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面接枝聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)得到MWNTs-PBA,并以此对聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性,采用熔融共混法制备了PVC/MWNTs-PBA复合材料。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析及透射电子显微镜观察结果表明:采用ATRP法成功地将PBA接枝到MWNTs的表面。接枝了聚合物的碳纳米管可以提高复合材料的结晶温度(5 oC左右)、耐热温度(20 oC左右);复合材料的流变性能、导电性能也同时得以提高。     

Fabrication of carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole/carbon nanotubes/melamine foam for supercapacitor

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been loaded on the melamine foam (MF) to form the composite (CNTs/MF) by dip‐dry process, then polypyrrole (PPy) is coated on CNTs/MF (PPy/CNTs/MF) through chemical oxidation polymerization by using FeCl₃·6H₂O adsorbed on CNTs/MF as oxidant to polymerize the pyrrole vapor. Finally, CNTs are coated on the surface of PPy/CNTs/MF to increase the conductivity of the composite (CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF) by dip‐dry process again. The composites have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical method. The results show that the structure of the composites has obvious influence on their capacitive properties. According to the galvanostatic charge/discharge test, the specific capacitance of CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF is about 184 F g^?1 based on the total mass of the composite and 262 F g^?1 based on the mass of PPy (70.2 wt % in the composite) at the current density of 0.4 A g^?1, which is higher than that of PPy/CNTs/MF (120 F g^?1 based on the total mass of the composite and 167 F g^?1 based on the mass of the PPy). Furthermore, the capacitor assembled by CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF shows excellent cyclic stability. The capacitance of the cell assembled by CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF retains 96.3% over 450 scan cycles at scan rate of 20 mV s^?1, which is larger than that assembled by CNTs/PPy/MF (72.5%). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39779.     

碳纳米管/丙烯酸酯橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用自制的大分子表面改性剂对多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行表面改性,制备改性MWNTs/丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)复合材料,研究改性MWNTs用量对复合材料性能的影响,并与炭黑补强的ACM性能进行对比.结果表明:用MWNTs填充ACM制备的材料,其性能远优于炭黑补强的ACM橡胶的性能;随着改性MWNTs用量的增大,复合材料...     

碳纳米管在电化学传感器中的应用进展

综述了碳纳米管(Carbon Nanotube,CNT)在电化学传感器研究中的应用进展。重点介绍了CNT电极和CNT修饰电极的制备、电化学特性及应用,并对其在DNA电化学生物传感器方面的应用前景与挑战进行了展望。     

Preparation and characterization of thermally conductive polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites

Thermally conductive polystyrene (PS)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites was prepared through a simple solution‐evaporation method assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. To enhance the dispersion of MWNTs in PS, MWNTs were chemically functionalized with poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (SMA) (MWNT‐g‐SMA), which had benzene group and exhibited strong affinity with PS. The thermal conductive properties of PS increased and the mechanical properties decreased in presence of MWNTs, while by addition of MWNT‐g‐SMA, the properties of the composites can be improved to some extent. The thermal conductivity can reach 0.89 W/m K for the composite with 33.3 vol % MWNT‐g‐SMA, which was four times higher than that of neat PS. A linear increase of the thermal conductivity was observed with increasing MWNTs‐g‐SMA content, and the Maxwell–Eucken model and the Agari model were used for theoretical evaluation. Compared with MWNT‐OH, MWNT‐g‐SMA with larger diameter exhibited diffused boundary with the PS matrix, resulting from the strong interfacial bonding of the two phases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole/graphene/nonwoven fabric composites used as electrodes of electrochemical capacitor

The reduced graphene oxide/nonwoven fabric (rGO/NWF) composites have been fabricated through heating the NWF coated with the mixture of GO and HONH₂·HCl at 130°C, during which the GO is chemically reduced to rGO. Then the composites of polypyrrole (PPy)/rGO/NWF have been prepared through chemically polymerizing pyrrole vapor by using the FeCl₃·6H₂O adsorbed on rGO/NWF substrate as oxidant. Finally, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used as conductive enhancer to modify PPy/rGO/NWF through dip‐dry process to obtain MWCNTs/PPy/rGO/NWF. The prepared composites have been characterized and their capacitive properties have been evaluated in 1.0M KCl electrolyte by using two‐electrode symmetric capacitor test. The results reveal that MWCNTs/PPy/rGO/NWF possesses a maximum specific capacitance (C_sc) of about 319 F g^?1 while PPy/rGO/NWF has a C_sc of about 277.8 F g^?1 at the scan rate of 1 mV s^?1 and that optimum MWCNTs/PPy/rGO/NWF retains 94.5% of initial C_sc after 1000 cycles at scan rate of 80 mV s^?1 which is higher than PPy/rGO/NWF (83.4%). Further analysis reveals that the addition of MWCNTs can increase the charger accumulation at the outer and inner of the composites, which is favorable to improve the stability and the rapid charge‐discharge capacity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41023.     

Polymer/carbon nanotube composite emulsion prepared through ultrasonically assisted in situ emulsion polymerization

In this study, ultrasonic irradiation and in situ emulsion polymerization were combined to prepare stable poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐n‐butyl acrylate) (P(MMA‐BA))/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite emulsion, which solves the dispersion problem of CNTs in the latex. Two stages were adopted. In Stage I, ultrasonically initiated in situ emulsion polymerization was conducted to disperse CNTs and prepare the seed emulsion containing polymer coated CNTs. In Stage II, conventional in situ emulsion polymerization was conducted to further enhance the monomer conversion and solid content. The dispersion behavior of MWCNTs in aqueous solution under ultrasonic irradiation was investigated by spectrophotometry. The effects of CNTs content on the emulsion stability and mechanical properties of composite film were studied. The results suggest that in the composite emulsion the long CNTs with a diameter of 20–40 nm are separated and dispersed by the formed polymer latex nanoparticles with a size of 20–40 nm. The spherical polymer latex nanoparticles adhere to the wall of CNTs to form a structure like “grapes on the twig.” The smooth, uniform, and flexible polymer/CNTs composite films were prepared from the composite emulsion. The CNTs can be individually dispersed in P(MMA‐BA)/CNTs composite film. Tensile tests suggest that with the increase in the CNTs content, the Young's modulus and the yield strength of the film increase. Only at 1 wt % CNTs, the Young's modulus increases from 124 to 289 MPa, and the yield strength is improved about ～14%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3123–3130, 2006     

机械混炼制备碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料特性分析

通过机械混炼方法将碳纳米管与天然橡胶复合，与炭黑补强样品相比，碳纳米管在橡胶中的混入速度快，功率消耗低，温升幅度小，混炼胶的硫化焦烧时间略有增加，硫化返原现象减轻，硫化剂用量应适当增加。加入碳纳米管后，橡胶DSC曲线中的结晶熔融峰面积减少，交联反应放热峰变宽。碳纳米管复合材料的回弹、压缩疲劳性能明显优于炭黑补强样品，耐老化性能较好，拉伸、撕裂性能水平有待提高。     

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料的研究进展

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料是一种新型的生物复合材料,具有独特的结构以及优良的力学、生物、电化学等性能。本文综述了碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料的各种制备方法,并详细讨论了溶液共混法、静电自组装法、逐层自组装法等方法的优缺点。还概括了碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料在电化学分析、生物传感器、电驱动等领域的应用进展,并展望了其主要研究方向和发展趋势。     

Formation and electrochemical properties of composites of the C60–Pd polymer and multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Preparation and electrochemical properties of a novel type of the composite made of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and two-component polymer of palladium and C₆₀ (C₆₀–Pd) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and piezoelectric microgravimetry. A composite film was prepared by electrochemical deposition of C₆₀–Pd on the layer of MWCNTs immobilized on the electrode surface. The polymer forms islands of shells on the carbon multi-wall core. This composite is electrochemically active in the negative potential range due to the electroreduction of the fullerene moiety. In this potential range, specific pseudo-capacitance of the film of the MWCNT/C₆₀–Pd composite is 425 F g⁻¹ in the acetonitrile solution of tetra(n-butyl)ammonium perchlorate. The presence of MWCNTs makes the composite conductive also at potentials less negative than potentials of the C₆₀ electroreduction. The double-layer specific capacitance of this film is close to 15 F g⁻¹.     

Improvement in mechanical,electrical, and shape memory properties of the polystyrene-based carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites containing carbon nanotubes

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers based on polystyrene matrix containing elastomer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were produced by compression molding. The effects of carbon fabric (CF) concentration and silane treatment on the morphology, mechanical, electrical, and shape memory properties of the multilayer composites were investigated. The SEM analyses showed that fibers of the silane-treated CFs were more homogeneously covered with the polymer layers than the untreated CFs. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased by 521% and 125%, respectively, with an increasing number of CF plies from one to five. Upon silane treatment, the tensile strength of the multilayer composite improved by 26%, and the tensile modulus decreased by 18.4%. Electrical conductivities of the composites were in the semiconductor region due to the presence of both CNTs and CFs. 100% shape recovery less than a minute recovery time was obtained for all the composites with electrically triggered bending test.