阳离子易染共聚酯的热性能研究

在半连续大装置上合成了含第三单体间笨二甲酸乙二脂-5-磺酸钠(SIPE),第四单体聚乙二醇(PEG)的阳离子易染共聚酯(ECDP);采用热失重分析、差示扫描量热法对ECDP的热性能进行了研究,并对ECDP切片干燥和熔融过程的特性粘数降进行了测试.结果表明:随行PEG含量的增加,ECDP的热分解温度下降,玻璃化转变温度相...     

Ozone‐gas treatment of cationic dyeable polyester and poly(butylene terephthalate) fibers

Cationic dyeable polyester and poly(butylene terephthalate) fabrics were treated with ozone gas under atmospheric pressure and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The effect of the ozone‐gas treatment was investigated on the basis of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, moisture regain, water absorption, and dyeing properties. The ozone‐gas treatment caused an increase in the oxygen content of each fiber. From the wave separation of C_1s, the oxygen was incorporated in the form of ? CO? and ? COO? on the fiber surface, and also, despite an increase in the water absorption, the fiber density as an index of crystallinity increased a little with the treatment. As the result, we concluded that the treatment caused a change not only on the fiber surface but also in the internal structure of both fibers. Then, it seemed that the treatment brought about an effect on the dyeing properties. The apparent dyeing rate with the cationic dye increased remarkably with the ozone‐gas treatment, whereas that with the disperse dye increased slightly. Therefore, it was clear that the ozone‐gas treatment caused a change not only in the fine structure but also in the dyeing behavior. These phenomena were the same as those of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2423–2429, 2007     

DSC法对阳离子染料可染共聚酯热性能的研究

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对阳离子染料可染共聚酯即高温高压型(CDP)及常压沸染型(ECDP)的熔融和结晶过程进行了研究。结果表明:无定形CDP的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)、冷结晶温度(T_(ch))高于PET,但其熔点(T_m)低于PET,无定形ECDP的T_g与T_m低于PET和CDP,且随第四单体聚乙二醇(PEG)的含量及相对分子质量((?)_n)的增加而降低,其结晶速率随PEG的(?)_n及含量的增加而增加。对于等温结晶的共聚酯,1,3-间苯二甲酸双羟乙酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPE)的引入及PEG含量的增加,共聚酯的熔融焓(△H_m)及T_m下降;当PEG含量相同时,随PEG (?)_n增加,ECDP的△H_m及T_m均增加。     

常压阳离子可染聚酯熔体的流变性能研究

应用高压毛细管流变仪测试了2种常压阳离子染料可染聚酯(ECDP-1,ECDP-2)熔体的流变性能并与常规聚酯(PET)熔体的流变性能进行对比.结果表明:ECDP-1,ECDP-2与PET熔体都属于假塑性非牛顿流体,黏度随剪切速率((γ))的增大而减小;ECDP-1,ECDP-2与PET熔体的非牛顿指数都随温度的升高而增...     

阳离子染料可染PTT的性能研究

研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)及阳离子染料可染PTT(改性PTT)的性能。结果表明:随着第三单体间苯二甲酸丙二醇酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPP)加入量的增加,改性PTT的玻璃化转变温度、结晶温度逐渐升高,熔点呈减小趋势,而SIPP的加入对PTT的热降解影响不大;改性PTT的表观粘度随剪切速率的增加而减小,属于非牛顿流体,但其流变性变差;加入第四单体聚乙二醇(PEG)对改性PTT的流变性能有所改善;随着第三单体添加量的增加,改性PTT纤维对阳离子染料的上染率增大,加入第四单体后,上染速率及最终上染率提高。     

阳离子可染聚酯短纤维油剂TDY-3性能浅析

从纺织过程中的摩擦特性、抗静电性等方面分析了阳离子可染聚酯(ECDP)纤维的可纺性与油剂性能之间的关系。采用双子型磷酸酯盐和两性表面活性剂制备的TDY-3型油剂对ECDP纤维具有良好的抗静电性,可赋予ECDP纤维优异的可纺性FCDP纤维的优质品率达98%     

阳离子染料可染丙纶的结晶特性和形态结构研究

将自制可染剂通过与聚丙烯共混纺丝生产的阳离子染料可染丙纶进行 X射线衍射分析和SEM观察研究。结果表明 :可染丙纶的晶粒尺寸 ( L110 )越大 ,其染色性能越好 ;可染剂与聚丙烯有一定的相容性 ,并且能均匀分散在聚丙烯中 ,使纤维上染率达到 90 %以上。     

Rheology,thermal characteristics,crystallinity, tenacity and density of cationic dyeable polycaproamide/cationic dyeable poly(trimethylene terephthalate) polyblended fibers

Cationic dyeable polycaproamide (CD‐PCA) and cationic dyeable poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (CD‐PTT) polymers were extruded (in ratios 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) from one melt twin‐screw extruders to prepare three CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended polymers and then spin fibers. This work examines the rheology, thermal characteristics, crystallinity, tenacity, density, and miscibility parameter μ value of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended polymers and fibers using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, potentiometer, rheometer, the density gradient analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and extension stress–strain measurement. The melting behavior of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended polymers revealed negative‐deviation blends (NDB). The 50/50 blend of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT had the lowest melt viscosity. The experimental DSC results demonstrated that CD‐PCA and CD‐PTT molecules constituted an immiscible system. In particular, CD‐PCA, CD‐PTT, and their polyblended fibers yielded a double endothermic peak. The tenacity of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended fibers initially declined and then increased as the CD‐PTT content increased. The crystallinities and densities of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended fibers were linearly related to the blend ratio. The values of the miscibility parameter μ for all CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT samples were under zero, revealing electrostatic repulsion between CD‐PCA and CD‐PTT molecules. All experimental data supported the immiscibility of CD‐PCA/CD‐PTT polyblended fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Physical properties of polycaproamide/cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) polyblended fibers

Polycaproamide (PCA) and cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CDP) polymers were blended mechanically (in ratios of 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) in a melt twin‐screw extruder to prepare three PCA/CDP polyblended materials. The blends of PCA and CDP were spun into fibers. The molar ratio of dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt for CDP was 2%. This study investigated the physical properties of PCA/CDP polyblended fibers with nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, potentiometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), extension stress–strain measurements, density gradient analysis, and rheometry. The experimental results of DSC proved that PCA and CDP formed an immiscible system. In an SEM image of a 50/50 PCA/CDP blend, the morphological aggregation of a larger size, from 3 to 5 μm in diameter, was observed. The rheological behavior of the PCA/CDP polyblended materials exhibited negative‐deviation blends, and the 50/50 blend of the PCA/CDP polyblended fibers showed a minimum tenacity value. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1710–1715, 2004     

Thermal properties and chemical changes in blend melt spinning of cellulose acetate butyrate and a novel cationic dyeable copolyester

A novel cationic dyeable copolyester (MCDP) containing purified terephthalate acid (PTA), ethylene glycol (EG), 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (MPD), and sodium‐5‐sulfo‐isophthalate (SIP) was synthesized via direct esterification method. The chemical structure of modified cationic dyeable polyester (MCPD) was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H‐NMR. The thermal properties of MCDP and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) blends with different blend ratios were investigated by DSC. The results revealed that MCDP and CAB were immiscible polymer blends, and the glass transition temperature of CAB in blend fibers was higher than that of CAB in blend chips because of the strengthening hydrogen bonding. The chemical changes of MCDP and CAB in blend melt spinning were analyzed. It was found that the thermal hydrolysis reaction of ester side groups of CAB occurred in blend melt spinning, which resulted in that the acid gas was produced and the hydroxyl group content of CAB was increased. Furthermore, the moisture absorption of blend fibers was improved about three times than pure MCDP fiber even after washing 30 times. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

The influence of enzymatic treatment on the surface modification of PET fibers

The paper deals with the assessment of the surface modification of glossy continuous poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers from the point of view of changes in their surface structure in terms of its micro‐topography and the molecular and supermolecular structure of the filament surface layers. The performed SEM and AFM investigations have shown differences in the fiber surface carving before and after modification (smoothing or increased roughness), depending on the type of applied enzymatic preparation. Measurements with the use of the ATR‐IR method have shown changes in the physicochemical character of the investigated fiber surface. The cleavage of the ester bonds in PET macromolecular chains, resulting from the modifications used, leads to the formation of reactive ? OH and ? COOH groups. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of chitosan and hyaluronic acid immobilized polyester fibers

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were treated with ⁶⁰Co‐γ‐ray and grafted with acrylic acid. The resulting fibers were further grafted with chitosan (CS) via esterification. Afterward, hyaluronic acid (HA) was immobilized onto CS‐grafting fibers. The antibacterial activity of CS against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa was preserved after HA‐immobilization. After immobilizing HA, the L929 fibroblasts cell proliferation was improved forCS‐grafting PET fiber. The results indicate that by grafting with CS and immobilizing with HA, PET fibers not only exhibit antibacterial activity, but also improve the cell proliferation for fibroblast. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 220–225, 2007     

Preparation and properties of a new coating method for preparing conductive polyester fibers with permanent conductivity

A new coating method based on dissolution (the dissolving‐coating method) was designed to prepare carbon black–coated electrically conductive polyester fibers. The effects of the composition of the coating mixture on the volume resistivity of the fibers were investigated. The mechanical properties and conductive permanence of the coated fibers were studied. The coated fibers prepared by the dissolving‐coating method had the characteristics of lower volume resistivity (9.6 × 10⁰ Ω cm) and permanent conductivity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2685–2691, 2006     

分散染料常压易染PET纤维的研制

选用改性共PET切片(EDDP),在现有POY两部位高速纺实验机上进行生产调试,确定了干燥、纺丝、后加工的工艺条件。试验证明EDDP纤维可常压沸染,色谱齐全。     

Surface grafting of polyester fiber with chitosan and the antibacterial activity of pathogenic bacteria

Three polyesters—poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(2‐methyl‐1,3‐propylene terephthalate‐co‐ethylene terephthalate), and poly(1,4‐cyclohexylene terephthalate‐co‐ethylene terephthalate)—were preirradiated with ⁶⁰Co‐γ‐rays. Then, acrylic acid and N‐vinylformamide were grafted to these irradiated fibers. Fibers grafted with N‐vinylformamide were further hydrolyzed with acid so that the amide groups would convert into amino groups, and they were treated with glutaraldehyde so that aldehyde groups would be introduced. Chitosan or chitooligosaccharide was then grafted to these fibers via either esterification or imine formation. Four pathogenic bacteria—methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐1 (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus‐2, Escherichid coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—were tested to determine the antibacterial activities of chitosan‐grafted and chitooligosaccharide‐grafted fibers. The results showed that grafting chitosan via imine formation could achieve a higher surface density for amino groups and give higher antibacterial activity to those four bacteria tested. The antibacterial activity for E. coli was the highest and that for MRSA was the lowest among the four bacteria tested. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2977–2983, 2002     

阳离子染料可染聚酯纤维生产中管路结焦分析及处理

简要阐述了阳离子染料可染聚酯纺丝生产过程中的结焦现状.测试了结焦物的化学组成,分析了阳离子染料可染聚酯易结焦的原因,在分子层面作出结焦的理论分析,并且对阳离子染料可染聚酯纤维生产中结焦提出解决方案和预防措施.     

Effect of creep strain on the optomechanical properties and some structural properties of terylene fibers

This article sheds light on the effect of creep strain [?(t); %] on the optomechanical properties and some structure properties of terylene fibers at several constant applied loads. Automated multiple‐beam Fizeau fringes in transmission were used with a mechanical creep device attached to a wedge interferometer where the fiber was subjected to a constant load. This technique was used to determine the mean refractive indices and the mean birefringence values of terylene fibers under different conditions of ?(t). The obtained optical results were used to evaluate the optical orientation function, optical stress coefficient, density, crystallinity, and mean‐square density fluctuation with ?(t). The obtained results show that, under a constant load, the terylene fibers extended with time, the rate of which decreased with time. An empirical formula is suggested to represent the variation of ?(t) of terylene fibers with time, and the constants of this formula were determined. A mechanical model is proposed to represent ?(t) of terylene fibers, which consists of two Kelvin elements combined in series, which were used to provide an accurate fit to the experimental creep curve. The stress–strain curve via creep was studied to determine some mechanical parameters of the investigated fibers: Young's modulus, yield stress, and yield strain. Illustrations with microinterferograms, graphs, and tables are given. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Lipases improve the grafting of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics with acrylic acid

In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were modified with two types of commercial lipases, namely, Lipex and Lipolase, and grafted with acrylic acid (AA) to improve their absorption properties. The effects of the enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, time, and pH on the grafting of AA onto PET were investigated. The pretreatment of PET with lipases increased the amount of AA that was introduced to the PET fibers, whereas AA grafting onto the untreated PET fabrics led to lower graft yields. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the AA‐grafted pretreated polyester fabrics. A new band appearing at 1546 cm^?1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum implied that AA was introduced onto the PET fabrics. The surfaces of the fabric fibers presented in scanning electron microscopy micrographs clearly indicated the formation of a layer of grafted poly (acrylic acid). The results show that the density of surface grafting was improved by the lipase pretreatment. The increase in grafting was higher for Lipex than for Lipolase. The highest graft yield was obtained with 1% Lipex and Lipolase for 30 min at pH values of 7 and 5, respectively. There were no significant changes in the tenacity or weight reduction of the fabrics. The moisture content of the samples increased linearly with increasing graft yield. This was higher for the pretreated fabrics grafted with Lipex. A higher color strength was obtained for grafted PET samples that were pretreated with Lipex when they were dyed in alkaline aqueous solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Effect of polymerization conditions on the microstructure of a liquid crystalline copolyester

The melt polycondensation of mixtures of sebacic acid (S), 4,4′‐diacetoxybiphenyl (B), and 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid (H), carried out for the synthesis of semiflexible liquid–crystalline copolyesters referred to as SBH 1 : 1 : x, has been studied with the aim of clarifying the effect of the reaction conditions on the microstructure and the thermal properties of the products. It has been shown that the segregation of a liquid–crystalline phase within the polymerizing mixture, coupled with the thermodynamic tendency of the two phases to undergo compositional differentiation as polymerization proceeds, is responsible for the formation of blocky, rather than ideally random, copolyesters with poor processibility, when the mole ratio of H to the other two monomers is higher than x ≈ 1.90. The results of this study have shown that this unwanted effect can be considerably limited by carrying out the polycondensation at a relatively high temperature from the very beginning, rather than by the standard technique involving progressive heating of the reaction mixture, thus allowing the production of SBH copolyesters with a higher degree of aromaticity. The results are discussed in terms of the relative rates of the condensation reactions, which are responsible for chain growth, and of the concurrent acidolysis and esterolysis reactions leading to copolyester sequence reorganization. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 141–150, 2000     

Influence of the cross‐sectional shape on the structure and properties of polyester fibers

The effects of the fiber cross‐sectional shape on the structure and properties of polyester fibers were investigated. Fully drawn yarn (FDY) polyester fibers (167 dtex and 48 filaments) were produced under the same spinning conditions used in a spinning plant. The only difference between the fibers was their cross‐sectional shapes. Four different cross‐sectional shapes were chosen for the experimental work: round, hollow‐round, trilobal, and hollow‐trilobal. The crystallinity and values of the maximum stress, maximum strain, modulus, yield stress, shrinkage in boiling water, and unevenness of the fibers were determined. The difference in the cross‐sectional shapes influenced the modulus, maximum strain, yield stress, and shrinkage in boiling water. No effects on the crystallinity and maximum stress were observed. The results suggested that the hollow fibers had higher amorphous orientation than the full fibers. The hollow‐round fiber had the highest unevenness value. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2615–2621, 2007