PPS/Al_2O_3导热复合材料的性能及其应用

以微米级三氧化二铝(Al2O3)为导热填料,制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)/Al2O3导热复合材料,研究了硅烷偶联剂表面改性对PPS/Al2O3复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响.研究表明,硅烷偶联剂时Al2O3的表面改性提高了PPS/Al2O3导热复合材料的力学性能,且材料的热导率随着Al2O3含量的增加而增大,当Al2O3的质量分数为70%时,未改性和改性Al2O3填充PPS导热复合材料的热导率分别达到2.279 W/(m·K)和2.392 W/(m·K),后者的热导率在Al2O3含量较高时偏离Agari理论曲线.SEM分析表明,改性Al2O3在PPS中分散均匀,两者结合紧密.经应用研究表明,PPS/改性Al2O3质量比为40/60的导热复合材料完全可满足发动机零部件、高耐热电子元器件对材料导热与力学性能的要求.     

SiC/Al2O3/MVQ导热复合材料的制备与性能研究

分别使用碳化硅(SiC)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和SiC/Al2O3复配物制备了导热甲基乙烯基硅橡胶材料(MVQ),研究了SiC,Al2O3和SiC/Al2O3用量及表面改性对MVQ导热系数和力学性能的影响,结果表明,随导热填料用量的增大,MVQ导热系数增大;同等用量下,SiC/Al2O3/MVQ复合材料的导热性能均优于SiC/MVQ和Al2O3/MVQ;当SiC/Al2O3总用量为50份且SiC/Al2O3质量比为3/1时,复合材料导热系数为0.76 W/mK;随SC/Al2O3用量的增加,拉伸强度与拉断伸长率均降低,邵尔A硬度增大.表面处理后,复合材料导热性能得到进一步改善.     

Al2O3/聚丙烯复合材料的导热性能研究

制备了Al2O3/PP及其加入氧化锌、铜粉、铝粉、石墨粉的Al2O3/PP导热复合材料,研究表明加入Al2O3使PP的导热系数提高,且Al2O3/PP复合材料的导热系数随Al2O3用量增加而提高.加入第3组分Cu、ZnO、Al和石墨,进一步提高Al2O3/PP复合材料的导热系数.用接枝PP作为基体的复合材料导热性能比PP的高,但接枝PP与PP共混物作为基体的复合材料的导热系数反而比PP的低.复合材料的导热系数也与材料制备工艺有关.     

PVB/Al2O3导热绝缘复合材料的制备与性能研究

以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)为基材,选用粒径分别为1～3μm、10μm和30 nm的Al2O3为导热填料,三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)为增塑剂,通过熔融共混法制备了PVB/Al2O3导热绝缘复合材料;研究了Al2O3的表面处理、添加量和粒径对复合材料的导热绝缘性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在所考察的三种表面处理剂γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)、钛酸正丁酯(TC)和硬脂酸(SA)及其用量范围内,用质量分数为1.0%的KH-560对Al2O3粒子进行表面处理是较佳的处理方法;在三种粒径不同的Al2O3导热填料中,粒径1～3μm的Al2O3较有利于改善PVB/Al2O3复合材料的导热性能;PVB/Al2O3复合材料的热导率随Al2O3用量的增加而升高;当1～3μm的Al2O3用量为85 phr,即体积分数为18.6%时,复合材料的热导率为0.407 W/(m.K),是不含Al2O3的PVB的1.91倍;当这一Al2O3的用量为70 phr(体积分数15.9%)时,所制得的PVB/Al2O3复合材料具有较好的综合性能,其热导率为0.375 W/(m.K),体积电阻率为1.65×1012Ω.m,拉伸强度为21.4 MPa,断裂伸长率为265%。根据Agrai理论模型进行的数据分析表明,当Al2O3用量大于25 phr(体积分数6.3%)时,随着Al2O3用量的进一步增加,PVB/Al2O3复合材料中的Al2O3粒子形成了部分连续的导热链。     

PP-g-MAH增容PP/BN/Al2O3导热绝缘复合材料

以(3-氨丙基)三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)处理氮化硼/氧化铝(BN/Al2O3)导热粉体,在导热粉体表面引入氨基;通过熔融共混制备聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)增容的聚丙烯(PP)/BN/Al2O3导热绝缘复合材料。研究PP-g-MAH和导热填料的用量以及加工条件(转速、温度)对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,在主机转速为300 r/min、PP-g-MAH为4g、导热填料的用量为50%时,复合材料的导热系数达到了0.7 W/(m·K),拉伸强度为17.65 MPa;添加相容剂后,复合材料和导热填料之间的相容性得到改善。     

Al2O3/环氧树脂复合材料导热性能的研究

分别选用纳米和超细Al2O3填料,采用直接分散法制备Al2O3/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了不同填料含量的复合材料的导热性能,并结合理论模型探讨粉体粒径对导热性能的影响.结果表明:随着Al2O3含量的增加,复合材料的导热系数增大.当加入40%的超细Al2O3填料时,复合材料的导热系数达到0.535 W/(m·K),是纯环氧树脂的3倍.实验测量值与Y. Agari模型参数均表明:超细Al2O3的体系中粒子更容易形成导热链,可以更有效地提高环氧树脂体系的导热性能.     

PPS复合导热材料的研究与有限元模型分析

通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS,模拟了三氧化二铝(Al2O3)填充聚苯硫醚(PPS)两相复合材料逾渗结构以及Al2O3填充PPS合金三相复合材料双逾渗结构,并将得到的理论导热率与实验结果进行对比验证,分析了填料分布情况对材料热导率的影响。模拟结果表明:只有当导热填料含量超过逾渗阈值,其导热性能才能有明显的提高,双重逾渗结构的形成,能有效降低逾渗阈值。SEM分析表明,选用不同的合金组分,由于相容性的差异和黏度的差异,填料在PPS合金中的分布情况也有不同,热导率也有较大的差异。在所述配方中PPS/UHMWPE/Al2O3(质量比为35:15:50)复合体系热导率最高,可达1.592W/(m.K),而同质量配比的PPS/PS/Al2O3复合体系的最低,只有0.639W/(m.K)。     

玻纤增强PPS/MgO绝缘导热复合材料的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机将聚苯硫醚(PPS)与MgO混合挤出,同时添加玻璃纤维(GF)挤出造粒制备了玻纤增强PPS/MgO绝缘导热复合材料。研究了材料的导热性能与MgO含量的关系。研究发现,材料的热导率随MgO含量的增加而增大;GF替代部分MgO后,导热性能有所降低,但拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能得到提高;偶联剂用量在0.5%时可提高PPS/MgO绝缘导热复合材料的热导率。     

偶联剂对PE-RT/Al_2O_3复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响

以硅烷、铝酸酯、钛酸酯三种不同粉状偶联剂处理后的Al2O3作为导热填料,耐热聚乙烯(PE-RT)为基体树脂,采用熔融共混的方法,通过双螺杆挤出造粒、注塑成型制备了PE-RT/Al2O3导热复合材料。研究了偶联剂种类及用量对PE-RT/Al2O3复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响。结果表明:当硅烷偶联剂用量为1.5%时,材料的导热性能与力学性能最佳,由硅烷偶联剂处理Al2O3得到复合材料的热导率比未处理的提高了25%;另两种偶联剂用量分别为2%时,复合材料的热导率达到最大值,而其用量为1%时,材料的力学性能最佳;Al2O3与粉状偶联剂在基体中易团聚,导致复合材料的冲击强度下降。     

Al2O3填充聚酰亚胺改性环氧树脂/玻璃纤维导热复合材料的制备与性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂改性的氧化铝为导热填料,聚酰亚胺改性环氧树脂为基体,通过高温模压法制备了Al2O3填充聚酰亚胺/环氧导热玻纤复合材料,研究Al2O3和聚酰亚胺含量对复合材料热性能、力学性能和介电性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的热导率随着纳米Al2O3粒子含量的增加而增加。当Al2O3粒子的填充量为50%时,复合材料的热导率可达1.239W/(m.K)。复合材料冲击强度和弯曲强度随粒子含量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,当Al2O3粒子的填充量为20%时,材料的冲击强度为376.3kJ/m2,弯曲强度为912.6MPa。聚酰亚胺改性的复合材料具有较好的介电性能、热稳定性和耐热老化性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。