热致变色V02薄膜的制备及研究进展

VO2作为一种最有应用潜力的功能材料,在智能窗等许多领域发挥着非常重要的作用.V02是一种热致变色材料,相变温度为68℃,相变前后VO2光学性能有较大的变化.详细介绍YVO2薄膜的各种制备方法;同时,分析了降低VO2薄膜相变温度及提高VO2薄膜可见光透过率的方法,并综述了其应用领域.     

VO2薄膜的制备技术及应用研究

VO2作为一种最有应用潜力的功能材料,在智能窗等许多领域发挥着非常重要的作用。VO2是一种热致变色材料,相变温度为68℃,相变前后VO2光学性能有较大的变化。本文详细介绍了VO2薄膜的各种制备方法,同时分析了降低VO2薄膜相变温度及提高VO2薄膜可见光透过率的方法,并综述了其应用领域。     

热致变色VO2薄膜制备与影响相变因素

VO2具有优异的热致变色特性,已成为功能材料领域研究的热点.论文从VO2薄膜制备方法与薄膜相变特性影响因素两个方面,对其最新研究成果进行综述,总结了各种制备方法的优缺点,阐明了薄膜性能影响因素,并对其今后的研究与发展方向进行了展望.     

可逆热致变色复配物的制备及微胶囊化研究

可逆热致变色是指一种颜色受热升温时变为另一种颜色,冷却后又恢复为原来的颜色的现象。热致变色材料主要由电子给予体、电子接受体和溶剂性化合物3类物质组成。其中决定颜色的是电子给予体,决定显色深浅的是电子接受体．溶剂则决定变色温度。当电子给予体与电子接受体之间发生电子转移平衡反应时。表现为可逆热致变色现象目。国内在可逆热致变色材料研究方面报道较少,近年来,国内有关科研单位,如北京航空航天大学、中科院化学所等已研制出了几种可逆热致变色材料四。研究开发出具有灵敏度高、可逆性好、稳定性强、使用寿命长、合成工艺简单实用的有机可逆热致变色材料已是备受国内外关注的研究领域。 对可逆热致变色复配物进行微胶囊化包覆。对其变色性能没有明显影响,但这样可将热致变色复配物与外界隔离。减少外界物质对其变色性能的影响,同时可避免受热变色时组分材料的流失,较好地保持其变色性能等刚,这将大大促进此类可逆热致变色性材料在测量、电子、医疗等领域的应用。本试验对热敏玫红TF-R1可逆热致变色复配物的微胶囊化采用原位聚合法,其壁材选用脲醛树脂。     

WOx:Mo薄膜的结构及电致变色性能研究

采用反应磁控溅射工艺,以纯钨和纯钼为靶材在ITO玻璃上制备Mo掺杂WOx电致变色薄膜,用薄膜的透射光谱和XRD衍射方法对掺杂后薄膜的电致变色性能和结构进行了分析,研究了Mo掺杂对WOx薄膜电致变色性能和微观结构的影响机理。实验结果表明：在一定掺杂范围内,Mo掺杂对薄膜电致变色性能有较大提高;掺杂越均匀,对薄膜电致变色性能的改善越显著。影响薄膜电致变色性能的相应掺杂量由溅射时间表示,相对掺量存在最佳值,即7．7％附近,薄膜的变色性能可得到最大的提高,按实验结果趋势分析掺杂量存在有效范围,超出有效掺杂范围,掺杂便会失效。XRD分析表明,掺杂Mo之后的WOx薄膜仍为非晶态,且非晶态有增强的趋势。     

二氧化钒功能纳米材料的制备方法及应用研究进展

综述了近年来VO2纳米材料的制备及改性方法,及其在热致变色智能窗、锂离子电池、催化剂载体、数据存储材料等领域的应用研究进展。     

水热合成技术在建筑陶瓷工业中的应用

简要介绍了水热合成技术的原理、特点及在建筑陶瓷工业中的应用,提出了利用VO2材料的热致变色现象,使建筑陶瓷外墙砖随不同季节吸收和反射红外光,具有智能化和利用水热技术在TiO2材料中用N替换了少量的晶格氧使涂覆TiO2薄膜的内墙砖在太阳光下具有自清洁性能的新思路。     

VO_2-WO_3复合薄膜的制备及其热致变色-电致变色性能研究

智能玻璃是目前建筑节能重点研究方向。本研究将自制氧化钒纳米粉体均匀分散到钨溶胶体系,取上清液旋涂于ITO基板,经干燥、退火后制得VO_2(M)-非晶WO_3复合薄膜。实验结果表明,所制备的VO_2(M)-非晶WO_3复合薄膜兼具热致变色和电致变色性能,通电后薄膜表现典型的电致变色特征,可见光和近红外光透过率明显下降。退火过程中,部分W掺杂到VO_2中,使薄膜的热致相变温度降低10°C左右。复合薄膜在双响应条件下,其可见光透过率为32.6%、调控效率为18.8%。     

二氧化钒及其掺W粉末的制备及表征

二氧化钒(VO2)是一种热敏材料,在341 K可以发生从半导体单斜晶相VO2(M)到金属导体相VO2(R)的可逆转变,这种相变伴随着VO2的电、磁和光学性质发生突变,由于其相变的特性,使VO2被广泛应用。文章采用水淬-水热法,制备了VO2(B)粉体及其W掺杂粉体,经过热处理VO2(B)可以转变为具有相变特性的VO2(M),利用SEM、XRD、DSC等手段对VO2(B)和VO2(M)及其W掺杂粉体进行了表征。     

聚苯胺-乙烯三叔丁基过氧硅烷复合膜的制备及其电致变色性能的研究

采用恒电位法在氧化铟导电玻璃上电聚合制备了聚苯胺(PAn),利用溶液复合法合成了掺杂态聚苯胺-乙烯三叔丁基过氧硅烷复合电致变色膜,并对其结构和电致变色性能研究。结果表明,复合电致变色膜在稳定态时仅出现第二氧化峰,在外加电压下其颜色在绿色至紫色之间可逆变化,聚合物中加入偶联剂,可提高电致变色膜与导电玻璃基底的粘结性及改善复合膜的耐溶剂性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。