声光可调滤波器在光纤通信系统中的应用进展

声光可调滤波器以其宽的调节范围、窄的滤波线宽、多信道并行滤光等特点,在光纤通信系统中作动态增益均衡器具有很多优点。用声光可调滤波器实现ＥＤＦＡ级联的ＷＤＭ系统的动态增益均衡,可扩展增益带宽（～５２ ｎｍ）,提高传输距离 （～ ２４００ ｋｍ）。     

Tunable notch filter using a thermooptic long-period grating

This paper proposes a tunable notch filter using a thermooptic long-period grating and investigates it theoretically. This notch filter is in the form of an integrated optical device and is based on a simple structure as compared with existing integrated optical notch filters. The thermooptic grating denotes a thermooptic index perturbation induced by periodic heaters. The attenuation of a resonance band in the transmission spectrum of the proposed notch filter can be controlled by adjusting the electric power applied to the periodic heaters. Employing the heat transfer theory and the coupled-mode theory, the proposed filter is designed and analyzed. The paper also presents analytic expressions for the temperature change due to a heater and the coupling coefficients due to the thermooptic grating. This filter may have potential as a compact dynamically controllable device like a tunable gain flattening filter.     

Impact of the gain saturation dynamics in semiconductor optical amplifiers on the characteristics of an analog optical link

We evaluate both theoretically and experimentally the gain saturation dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers when inserted into an analog optical link. Its impact in terms of radio frequency response, nonlinearity, and noise is investigated. In particular, the frequency response is shown to be a peculiar high-pass filter exhibiting two characteristic frequencies.     

Optical signal processing based on semiconductor optical amplifier and tunable delay interferometer

In this paper,several applications in all-optical signal processing based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and variable delayed interferometers (DIs) have been experimentally demonstrated.Wavelength converter based on a nonlinear polarization switch (NPS) and a DI is proposed and presented for the wavelength conversion of nonretum-to-zero (NRZ) signals.An alloptical nonretum-to-zero to return-to-zero (NRZ-to-RZ)format converter with tunable duty cycles is achieved by the DI with variable delays.The 40 Gb/s reconfigurable optical OR/NOR gate in a single SOA,followed a tunable optical bandpass filter (OBF) and a DI,optical 2R regeneration using an SOA-DI are investigated.It is found that this combinative realization of filters has been endowed with great flexibility and quality for 40 Gb/s optical logic and 2R regeneration.     

Design and Simulation of a Narrow Passband Electro-Optical Tunable Filter with Band-pass and Band-rejection Output

An electro-optical tunable filter comprised of two paralleled identical long-period waveguide gratings is proposed in this paper. The filter has one input port and two separate output ports, outputting band-pass and band-rejection light respectively. Using poled electro-optical polymer material to fabricate its waveguide cores enable the filter’s tuning speed to approach nanosecond order. With the aid of long-period waveguide gratings, the tuning range of the filter is Λ times larger than the conventional electro-optical filters. We built up a model to design and simulate the proposed tunable optical filter. We investigate the relationship between the parameters of the long-period waveguide grating and the characteristics of the tunable filter, such as tuning range and FWHM. The simulation results show that the tunable optical filter can realize high-speed tuning in the wavelength range of 1530 nm to 1560 nm, and the FWHM width can reach 0.8 nm. Compared with the conventional optical filters, the results show that a high-speed widely tunable optical filter with narrow pass band can be achieved.     

Analysis and design of active optical filter structures with two-port couplers

A signal processing approach to modeling, analyzing, and synthesizing a particular integrated photonic architecture of optical filters with tunable gains is presented. This particular architecture has two-port couplers and current-controlled semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) fabricated on the same substrate. The device architecture forms a new lattice filter structure. Layer-peeling-type algorithms are developed for the analysis and synthesis of the device. The role of the adjustable gains in a lossless or lossy device is considered, and a novel stability algorithm for the filter structure is presented.     

Analysis of optical gain enhanced erbium-doped fiber amplifiersusing optical filters

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with enhanced optical gain obtained by incorporating narrow-bandpass optical filters into the amplifier length are studied. It is shown in theory that it is possible to increase optical gain by more than 10 dB for optical signals around the wavelength of 1.55 μm, compared with conventional EDFAs without filters. It is also shown that the gain improvement at longer wavelengths away from the amplifier gain peak is much higher than that of the EDFA with an optical isolator within the amplifier length. The optimum filter position is found to be around 42% of the total amplifier length from the input end. The effects of filter insertion loss and pump loss are discussed. This amplifier can be used as an optical preamplifier in a receiver for a wide range of wavelengths     

On the spectral properties of widely tunable lasers usinggrating-assisted codirectional coupling

The analysis of mode-suppression-ratio (MSR) and wavelength tunability of widely tunable semiconductor lasers using grating-assisted codirectional-coupler (GACC) filters is considered. A tradeoff is found between tuning range and spectral purity when using this type of filter as an intracavity mode selector. It is shown that in order to improve the tuning range by a factor of 10 compared to a conventional tunable laser using distributed feedback reflectors (DBRs), one has to tolerate a MSR around 23 dB at 1 mW output optical power/facet for an ideal cavity design. Limitations imposed by the materials are illustrated with design curves based on a vertical-twin-guide structure in both GaAs and InP systems for lasing wavelengths at 0.98 and 1.55 μm, respectively     

新型光通信薄膜器件

综述了用于城域网的x-skip-0滤光片、可调谐滤光片已及无源光网络的波分复用器,并给出了8-skip-0滤光片和无源光网络波分复用器的第一块滤光片的设计光谱图。     

Microwave Filters--1965

A review of recent and current work on microwave filters is presented, and an extensive bibliography of recent articles is appended. The review is largely qualitative and pictorial, rather than mathematical. Among the microwave filter topics discussed are band-pass filters with cascaded lifes or cavities; band-pass and band-stop filters with stubs and parallel-line coupling; low-pass and high-pass filters; the connection between dissipation loss, group delay, and power-handling capacity; delay equalizers; diplexers; directional filters; tunable filters, especially magnetically tunable filters; dielectric-resonator filters; filter techniques applied to semiconductor devices; the connection between filters and directional couplers; filters with open walls; and filters for millimeter waves and higher frequencies.     

1.5 μm two-section Fabry-Perot wavelength tunable optical filter

A 1.5 μm two-section Fabry-Perot wavelength tunable optical filter is studied. As opposed to DFB filters, this wavelength tunable optical filter has the advantage that the wavelength tuning range and the transmission bandwidth can be designed independently. This two-section Fabry-Perot filter also controls the transmissivity (gain) and the transmission wavelength independently by current injection and the constant-gain and constant-bandwidth wavelength tuning is achieved. The wavelength tuning range is as wide as 188 GHz (15 Å), the constant-gain is as high as 23 dB and the constant-bandwidth is as narrow as 5 GHz during wavelength tuning. A 25-channel wavelength selection with less than -10 dB crosstalk is expected with this filter     

基于悬臂梁啁啾调谐的光纤光栅滤波器

提出并发展了一种基于悬臂梁结构的啁啾光纤Bragg光栅(CFBG)啁啾调谐方案,获得了一系列性能优异的可调谐CFBG滤波器,包括调谐范围达到36 nm(1.8～37.8 nm)的带宽可变反射滤波器、色散在178～2 100ps/nm范围内可调的色散补偿器、基于取样CFBG或重叠写入CFBG的信道间隔可调谐滤波器等。这些FBG滤波器不但能维持较高的反射率,还能保持中心波长基本不变。     

半导体微环谐振器及在光学滤波中的应用

半导体微环谐振器结构紧凑、集成度高、功能丰富,是构建超大规模集成光子回路最有潜力的代表之一．目前,它已广泛用于通信滤波器、延迟线、传感器、微激光器和光存储等方面,并成为集成光电子、光通信和光信息处理领域的研究热点．在研究介绍微环谐振器的工作原理基础上,分析了侧向耦合和垂直耦合微环谐振器的优缺点,总结了半导体微环谐振器在无源、有源和可调谐滤波器方面的应用和最新进展．     

A dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with widely tunable wavelength spacing

A stable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser （EDFL） with tunable wavelength spacing and equalized output power is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The fiber laser uses two fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filters （FFP- TFs） as the wavelength filter. The main cavity is divided into two sub-cavities with imbalance cavity losses through a 30/70 optical coupler. The tunable wavelength spacing can be achieved by changing the center wavelength of the filters and the equalized dual-wavelength output power can be achieved by properly controlling the variable optical attenuator （VOA） inserted in the lower-loss cavity.     

一种基于ADS的电调谐滤波器的新设计

设计了一种用于跳频通信系统接收机射频前端的UHF频段电调谐滤波器。使用安捷伦公司的 微波仿真软件ADS对电调谐滤波器进行结构设计和参数优化。对制成品的实际测试表明,该 调谐滤波器工作频段为225～400 MHz,3 dB带宽6.5～15 MHz,通带增益24～27 dB,矩形系 数小于6.2,其性能指标完全达到设计要求,在不同的频点都具有良好的电参数指标。所提 方法对电调滤波器的设计具有指导作用。     

A photonic wavelength-division switching system using tunable laserdiode filters

A photonic wavelength-division switching system using semiconductor tunable wavelength filters is proposed. A switching system using wavelength switches and multistage switching networks is discussed. A crucial point in developing this switching system is to achieve a large number of wavelength-division channels. The potential of 100 wavelength-division channels in such switching systems is estimated, based on InP optical integrated circuits. A wavelength network synchronization which permits the network to utilize such a large number of wavelength-division channels without wavelength misalignment and drift is proposed. An eight-channel wavelength-division switching experiment, using phase-shift-controlled distributed feedback laser diodes as tunable wavelength filters, is reported     

Wavelength-tunable optical filters: applications and technologies

The authors review noncoherent, frequency-tunable filter (receiver) technologies. They describe three basic mechanisms of wavelength filtering: filters that are based on the wavelength dependence of interferometric phenomena, with emphasis on Fabry-Perot interferometer filters; filters that are based on the wavelength dependence of coupling between optical fields (modes) induced by external perturbations (both acoustooptic and electrooptic filters are described); and filters that are based on resonant amplification of optical signals in semiconductor laser diode devices (these devices provide gain in addition to wavelength selectivity). For each technology the authors explain briefly the principles of operation and quantify the relevant system parameters: tuning range, channel separation, number of channels, crosstalk isolation, gain and distortion, speed of wavelength tuning, and complexity. They present a unified picture of filtering mechanisms in an appendix     

Optical fiber Fabry-Perot cavities and recirculating delay lines astunable microwave filters

The radio frequency or microwave responses of single-mode fiber Fabry-Perot cavities and recirculating delay lines are studied. It is shown that fiber Fabry-Perot cavities may be used as bandpass filters and the recirculating delay lines as bandstop filters at radio or microwave frequencies. These electric filters are tunable by electrooptic effects since the bandpass or bandstop characteristic changes when the cavity or the delay line length is varied by a few tenths of an optical wavelength. The ultimate limit on speed of tuning is set by the coherence time of the light source. The dependence of the filter responses on the spectral purity of light is studied. Examples are given to illustrate the tunability of these electric filters. The availability of various components required to build the tunable RF or microwave filters is reviewed     

High Frequency Electronically Tunable Floating Memristor Emulators employing VDGA and Grounded Capacitor

This paper introduces novel electronically tunable floating and grounded memristor emulator circuits using voltage differencing gain amplifier and one capacitor. The decremental and incremental memristor emulators have been suggested for both floating as well as grounded type configurations. Decremental to incremental and incremental to decremental configurations of memristor emulators can be easily obtained. The fingerprint of memristor is the pinched hysteresis loops that are maintained for the significant range of frequencies from 5 kHz to 1 MHz. The proposed memristor emulator sustains its range of frequency for both grounded and floating configurations. The simulations have been done in Eldo simulation tool of Mentor Graphics using TSMC 0.18 µm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology parameters. The proposed electronically tunable memristor emulators are used to realize analog filters in view of performance verification.

     

Semiconductor devices in photonic switching

Three types of photonic switching networks have been proposed, namely, optical space-division switching, optical wavelength-division switching. Optional function devices required for each switching network are as follows: optical switch matrix for space-division switching; optical memory and optical write/read gate for time-division switching; and tunable wavelength filter and wavelength converter for wavelength-division switching. Recent progress in semiconductor functional devices such as modulators, switching devices, bistable devices, and wavelength control devices, which would be key devices to build switching networks, is reviewed